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Membranes
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Recent Advancements and Applications of Thin-film Polymeric Membranes for Water...
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Recent Advancements and Applications of Thin-film Polymeric Membranes for Water Filtration Processes

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 5182

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mohammed A. Kadhom

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
2. Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, 10081 Baghdad, Iraq
Interests: membranes; reverse osmosis; TFN membranes; water treatment
Dr. Mustafa Al-Furaiji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environment and Water Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Interests: membranes; forward osmosis; electrospinning; TFC membranes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, papers that deal with up-to-date advancements in thin-film composite (TFC) membranes will be presented. The focus will be on conventional polyamide membranes and newly proposed thin films produced using nanoscale materials assemblies. The advancements could be represented by improving conventional membranes’ properties by filling additives (such as nanoparticles and nano 2D materials) within the membrane’s structure or by preparing new types of TFC membranes. Water filtration processes that employ this type of membrane, including nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and forward osmosis, in addition to possible applications in micro- and ultrafiltration, are covered in this SI. Researchers who work on recent classes of materials (e.g., MOFs, COFs, MXenes) are encouraged to submit their work to this SI. Further, researchers who bring novel findings on filtration processes to optimize the performance of TFC membranes are welcome to contribute. 

Dr. Mohammed A. Kadhom
Dr. Mustafa Al-Furaiji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • TFC membranes
  • IP reaction
  • RO
  • FO
  • nanofilm composites

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5625 KiB  
Article
A Competitive Study Using Electrospinning and Phase Inversion to Prepare Polymeric Membranes for Oil Removal
by Thamer Diwan, Zaidun N. Abudi, Mustafa H. Al-Furaiji and Arian Nijmeijer
Membranes 2023, 13(5), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13050474 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1363
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a popular polymer that can be made into membranes using various techniques, such as electrospinning and phase inversion. Electrospinning is a novel technique that produces nonwoven nanofiber-based membranes with highly tunable properties. In this research, electrospun PAN nanofiber membranes with [...] Read more.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a popular polymer that can be made into membranes using various techniques, such as electrospinning and phase inversion. Electrospinning is a novel technique that produces nonwoven nanofiber-based membranes with highly tunable properties. In this research, electrospun PAN nanofiber membranes with various concentrations (10, 12, and 14% PAN/dimethylformamide (DMF)) were prepared and compared to PAN cast membranes prepared by the phase inversion technique. All of the prepared membranes were tested for oil removal in a cross-flow filtration system. A comparison between these membranes’ surface morphology, topography, wettability, and porosity was presented and analyzed. The results showed that increasing the concentration of the PAN precursor solution increases surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and porosity and, consequently, enhances the membrane performance. However, the PAN cast membranes showed a lower water flux when the precursor solution concentration increased. In general, the electrospun PAN membranes performed better in terms of water flux and oil rejection than the cast PAN membranes. The electrospun 14% PAN/DMF membrane gave a water flux of 250 LMH and a rejection of 97% compared to the cast 14% PAN/DMF membrane, which showed a water flux of 117 LMH and 94% oil rejection. This is mainly because the nanofibrous membrane showed higher porosity, higher hydrophilicity, and higher surface roughness compared to the cast PAN membranes at the same polymer concentration. The porosity of the electrospun PAN membrane was 96%, while it was 58% for the cast 14% PAN/DMF membrane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements and Applications of Thin-film Polymeric Membranes for Water Filtration Processes)
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Review

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54 pages, 4047 KiB  
Review
Forward Osmosis Membrane: Review of Fabrication, Modification, Challenges and Potential
by Bakr M. Ibraheem, Saif Al Aani, Alanood A. Alsarayreh, Qusay F. Alsalhy and Issam K. Salih
Membranes 2023, 13(4), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040379 - 26 Mar 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3436
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is a low-energy treatment process driven by osmosis to induce the separation of water from dissolved solutes/foulants through the membrane in hydraulic pressure absence while retaining all of these materials on the other side. All these advantages make it an [...] Read more.
Forward osmosis (FO) is a low-energy treatment process driven by osmosis to induce the separation of water from dissolved solutes/foulants through the membrane in hydraulic pressure absence while retaining all of these materials on the other side. All these advantages make it an alternative process to reduce the disadvantages of traditional desalination processes. However, several critical fundamentals still require more attention for understanding them, most notably the synthesis of novel membranes that offer a support layer with high flux and an active layer with high water permeability and solute rejection from both solutions at the same time, and a novel draw solution which provides low solute flux, high water flux, and easy regeneration. This work reviews the fundamentals controlling the FO process performance such as the role of the active layer and substrate and advances in the modification of FO membranes utilizing nanomaterials. Then, other aspects that affect the performance of FO are further summarized, including types of draw solutions and the role of operating conditions. Finally, challenges associated with the FO process, such as concentration polarization (CP), membrane fouling, and reverse solute diffusion (RSD) were analyzed by defining their causes and how to mitigate them. Moreover, factors affecting the energy consumption of the FO system were discussed and compared with reverse osmosis (RO). This review will provide in-depth details about FO technology, the issues it faces, and potential solutions to those issues to help the scientific researcher facilitate a full understanding of FO technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements and Applications of Thin-film Polymeric Membranes for Water Filtration Processes)
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