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Medicina
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Diagnosis and Management of Otitis Media
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Diagnosis and Management of Otitis Media

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 12050

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrea Lovato

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
2. Audiology Unit, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
Interests: hearing loss; otitis media; cochlear implants; vertigo; vestibular rehabilitations; olfactory and gustatory functions
Dr. Andrea Frosolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
2. Audiology Unit, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
Interests: hearing loss; thermal therapy; vestibular rehabilitations; music perception and rehabilitation in cochlear implants; olfactory and gustatory functions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Otitis media in its different clinical forms (i.e., acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic purulent otitis, and chronic otitis with cholesteatoma) has significant incidence in both adult and pediatric populations. It is estimated that more than 80% of children may experience one or more episode of AOM in the first three years of life, whereas chronic otitis media is more common in the adult population, with an estimated incidence of 5% in the general population, leading in most cases to hearing loss. Classical management includes medical therapy for acute cases and surgery in chronic patients.

The aim of this Special Issue is to investigate novel perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media, from prevention to therapy.

In fact, recent research has disclosed the important preventative role of probiotics in acute and chronic otitis media. In this context, the role of the nasal microbiome has been increasingly studied and linked to ear pathology. Several treatments (novel and classical) have been described for Eustachian tube function in OME. The management of otitis media in craniofacial dysmorphism is still debated. Recently, it has been discovered that dental malocclusion treatment plays a role in otitis media prevention. In chronic otitis media, tympanoplasty is still a matter of controversy. Many factors are related to surgical outcome, including the size and location of the perforation, the surgical technique, and graft type. In hearing rehabilitation, the world of osseointegrated bone-anchored hearing aids has recently been revolutionized by new active implants that use piezoelectric technology.

Original research, outstanding case reports, and reviews related the above-mentioned subjects are welcome for submission.

Dr. Andrea Lovato
Dr. Andrea Frosolini 
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • otitis media with effusion
  • chronic otitis media
  • tympanoplasty
  • eustachian tube dysfunction
  • osseointegrated bone-anchored hearing aids
  • craniofacial dysmorphism
  • nasal microbiome
 

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

3 pages, 246 KiB  
Editorial
Future Perspectives in the Management of Otitis Media
by Andrea Frosolini and Andrea Lovato
Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091553 - 26 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
Otitis media, which encompasses acute otitis media (AOM) and chronic otitis media (COM), is a prevalent and significant health issue affecting both children and adults [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Otitis Media)

Research

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10 pages, 928 KiB  
Article
Resolution of Otitis Media with Effusion in Adults after a Three-Day Course of Treatment with a Manosonic Nebulizer—A Pilot Study
by Katarzyna Zasadzińska-Stempniak, Bartosz Karwat, Natalia Jarmołowicz-Aniołkowska and Hanna Zajączkiewicz
Medicina 2023, 59(2), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020201 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2118
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Aerosol drug administration is the primary treatment modality of otitis media with effusion (OME). An automatic manosonic aerosol generator (AMSA) delivers, with an acoustic overpressure, a therapeutic dosage of a drug by inhalation of the aerosol. However, available studies [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Aerosol drug administration is the primary treatment modality of otitis media with effusion (OME). An automatic manosonic aerosol generator (AMSA) delivers, with an acoustic overpressure, a therapeutic dosage of a drug by inhalation of the aerosol. However, available studies confirming their efficacy, especially in adults, are limited. Therefore, this pilot single-arm trial aimed to analyze changes in adults with OME following AMSA treatment. Materials and Methods: A group of 36 patients (mean age 51.4 years) with OME underwent a three-day treatment with inhaled mucolytic and steroids administered by AMSA. Tympanometry (tympanogram type, volume, compliance, pressure, and gradient) was performed to measure middle ear effusion before and after the intervention. Results: Following the intervention, partial and complete OME remission was observed in, respectively, 29 (81%) and 14 (39%) patients. The tympanogram type of the affected ears differed between baseline and after intervention measurements (p < 0.001). Tympanometry-based normalization, improvement deterioration and no change were observed in, respectively, 34 (68%), 1 (2%) 2 (4%), and 13 (26%) affected ears. Following the intervention, we observed an increase in continuously assessed middle ear volume (∆median 0.19 mL, p = 0.002) and pressure (∆median 142 daPa, p < 0.001), as well as a higher proportion of patients achieving categorical normalization of compliance (16% vs. 54%, p < 0.001) and pressure (28 vs. 64%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Treatment efficacy was not affected by age, sex, or season of recruitment (all p > 0.05). The results of this pilot study are encouraging, however, the use of AMSA management of OME in adults needs to be verified in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Otitis Media)
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Review

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13 pages, 651 KiB  
Review
Watchful Waiting in Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: A Real Practice Approach or an Intangible Desideratum?
by Elena-Lia Spoială, Iuliana Magdalena Stârcea, Ileana Katerina Ioniuc, Romică Sebastian Cozma, Daniela Carmen Rusu, Laura Bozomitu, Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Codruţa Olimpiada Iliescu Haliţchi, Vasile Eduard Roşu, Solange Tamara Roşu and Cristina Gavrilovici
Medicina 2023, 59(3), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030520 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2921
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) in children is one of the leading causes of health care visits and antibiotic prescriptions worldwide. The overall aim of the current study is twofold: 1. to analyze and discuss the antibiotic prescription patterns in AOM in children without [...] Read more.
Acute otitis media (AOM) in children is one of the leading causes of health care visits and antibiotic prescriptions worldwide. The overall aim of the current study is twofold: 1. to analyze and discuss the antibiotic prescription patterns in AOM in children without complications or risk factors and 2. to assess to what extent the watchful-waiting approach is a real practice or a mere desideratum. We performed an electronic search in the PubMed and Embase databases from 2013 to 2023 to capture original research studies investigating antibiotic prescribing patterns for AOM in children. Among the 12 papers included in the analysis, the antibiotic prescription rate ranged from 44.8% to 98%. Our study reveals similarities regarding the use of amoxicillin as a first-line antibiotic in pediatric AOM, but also discrepancies in the watchful-waiting approach attitude and in the choice of second or third-line antimicrobial agents. The proportion of cases managed with the watchful-waiting approach ranged from 7.5% (Australia) to 55.2% (Finland). Denmark was the only country reporting penicillin V as a first-choice regimen for children with AOM, which fulfils the guidelines’ recommendations. The most unsatisfying rate of amoxicillin use was recorded in Japan, contrary to the recommendations of local guidelines. The use of quinolones was reported in two out of twelve studies, with the highest proportion in Japan, where tosufloxacin was used in 21.4% of the total number of cases. The duration of the antibiotic regimens was analyzed in three out of twelve papers. Since global antibiotic overuse contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, new strategies are needed to increase the rate of watchful waiting and to promote the judicious use of antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Otitis Media)
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15 pages, 1538 KiB  
Review
Temporomandibular Joint and Otitis Media: A Narrative Review of Implications in Etiopathogenesis and Treatment
by Edoardo Bernkopf, Giovanni Cristalli, Giovanni Carlo de Vincentiis, Giulia Bernkopf and Vincenzo Capriotti
Medicina 2022, 58(12), 1806; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58121806 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) and its recurring (rAOM), effusive (OME), and chronic forms, represent a frequent clinical challenge. The middle ear, the mandible, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) share several embryological and anatomical connections. Despite that, the role of mandibular malposition and TMJ dysfunction [...] Read more.
Otitis media (OM) and its recurring (rAOM), effusive (OME), and chronic forms, represent a frequent clinical challenge. The middle ear, the mandible, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) share several embryological and anatomical connections. Despite that, the role of mandibular malposition and TMJ dysfunction is frequently overlooked in the management of otitis media. In this narrative review, we present current evidence supporting the etiopathogenetic role of a dysfunctional stomatognathic system in the onset of OM and the effectiveness of orthognathic treatment in preventing rAOM and OME. In particular, a focus on the influence of TMJ on Eustachian tube function is provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Otitis Media)
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Other

9 pages, 453 KiB  
Systematic Review
Chronic Otitis Media in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review
by Giuseppe Brescia, Andrea Frosolini, Leonardo Franz, Antonio Daloiso, Francesco Fantin, Andrea Lovato, Cosimo de Filippis and Gino Marioni
Medicina 2023, 59(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010123 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic otitis media (COM) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are two of the most common otolaryngological disorders. CRS and COM share pathophysiological mechanisms such as bacterial infection, biofilm, and the persistence of the obstruction state of ventilation routes. The purpose of this systematic [...] Read more.
Introduction: Chronic otitis media (COM) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are two of the most common otolaryngological disorders. CRS and COM share pathophysiological mechanisms such as bacterial infection, biofilm, and the persistence of the obstruction state of ventilation routes. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate all available information on the association between COM and CRS. Methods: The protocol of this investigation was registered on PROSPERO in November 2022. Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched according to the PRISMA statement. Results: After the application of inclusion-exclusion criteria, four manuscripts with adequate relevance to this topic were included in the review. The study population consisted of 20,867 patients with a diagnosis of CRS, of whom 991 were also diagnosed with COM (4.75%). Conclusions: The included studies have shown that CRS has become significantly associated with COMas: a global inflammatory process that involves the epithelium in both the middle ear and upper airway. The identification of a relationship between CRS and COM may contribute to preventing chronic inflammatory conditions through the early management of the associated disease. Further, carefully designed studies are necessary to demonstrate the relationship between COM and CRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Otitis Media)
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