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Medicina
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New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery
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New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 14580

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Basel A. Sharaf

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
Interests: facial aging; facial plastic surgery; virtual planning and 3D printing in craniomaxillofacial surgery; oculofacial plastic surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Craniomaxillofacial surgery has evolved over the last 100 years. New trends in craniofacial surgery make it necessary to provide an up-to-date overview detailing advancements in this field in imaging techniques, virtual planning and three-dimensional printing and innovative surgical approaches.

We invite colleagues from around the world to share their expertise in craniomaxillofacial surgery in this Special Issue featuring advances and new trends in the field.

Contributions regarding pediatric and adult craniofacial surgery, facial plastic surgery, head and neck reconstruction, facial trauma, aesthetic surgery, virtual planning and 3D printing, facial gender confirmation surgery, orthognathic surgery and facial transplantation are welcome.

Dr. Basel A. Sharaf
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • craniosynostosis
  • virtual planning
  • 3D printing
  • facial feminization
  • rhinoplasty
  • maxillofacial trauma

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4089 KiB  
Article
Lessons Learned from a Single Institution’s Eight Years of Experience with Early Cleft Lip Repair
by Idean Roohani, Collean Trotter, Pasha Shakoori, Tayla A. Moshal, Sasha Lasky, Artur Manasyan, Erin M. Wolfe, William P. Magee III and Jeffrey A. Hammoudeh
Medicina 2023, 59(10), 1741; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101741 - 28 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1363
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The traditional approach in managing wide cleft lip deformities involves presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy followed by surgical cleft lip repair between three and six months of age. This institution has implemented an early cleft lip repair (ECLR) protocol [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The traditional approach in managing wide cleft lip deformities involves presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy followed by surgical cleft lip repair between three and six months of age. This institution has implemented an early cleft lip repair (ECLR) protocol where infants undergo primary cleft lip repair between two and five weeks of age without NAM. This study aims to present this institution’s ECLR repair protocol over the past eight years from 188 consecutive patients with unilateral or bilateral CL/P deformity. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review was conducted at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles evaluating patients who underwent ECLR before three months of age and were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II from 2015–2022. Anthropometric analysis was performed, and pre- and postoperative photographs were evaluated to assess nasal and lip symmetry. Results: The average age at cleft lip repair after correcting for gestational age was 1.0 ± 0.5 months. Mean operative and anesthetic times were 120.3 ± 33.0 min and 189.4 ± 35.4, respectively. Only 2.1% (4/188) of patients had postoperative complications. Lip revision rates were 11.4% (20/175) and 15.4% (2/13) for unilateral and bilateral repairs, respectively, most of which were minor in severity (16/22, 72.7%). Postoperative anthropometric measurements demonstrated significant improvements in nasal and lip symmetry (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates the safety and efficacy of ECLR in correcting all unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformities of patients who were ASA classes I or II. At this institution, ECLR has minimized the need for NAM, which is now reserved for patients with bilateral cleft lip, late presentation, or comorbidities that preclude them from early repair. ECLR serves as a valuable option for patients with a wide range of cleft severity while reducing the burden of care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery)
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22 pages, 9657 KiB  
Article
Brow and Eyelid Rejuvenation: Trends from the 100 Most Cited Articles over 30 Years
by Doga Kuruoglu, Cristina A. Salinas, Daniel S. Kirk, Chin-Ho Wong and Basel A. Sharaf
Medicina 2023, 59(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020230 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2850
Abstract
Background and Objective: Various periorbital rejuvenation techniques have been introduced over the last 3 decades. This study highlights important milestones in the evolution of periorbital rejuvenation surgery by identifying the 100 most-cited articles in this field. Material and Methods: The Web of [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Various periorbital rejuvenation techniques have been introduced over the last 3 decades. This study highlights important milestones in the evolution of periorbital rejuvenation surgery by identifying the 100 most-cited articles in this field. Material and Methods: The Web of Science citation index was used to identify the 100 most-cited articles concerning periorbital rejuvenation. Articles published in English from January 1989–April 2020 describing periorbital rejuvenation-related surgical techniques, facial aging, and anatomy were included. The terms “lower blepharoplasty”, “upper blepharoplasty”, “browlift”, “browplasty”, “endobrow lift”, “endoscopic brow”, “Foreheadplasty”, “lower eyelid anatomy”, “upper eyelid anatomy”, “forehead lift”, “eyelid rejuvenation”, “canthopexy”, “canthoplasty”, “eyelid fat pad”, “orbital fat pad”, “tear trough”, and “eyelid bags” were entered into the citation search. Web of Science Core Collection was the database used for the search. A manual review of the initial 159 studies was performed. Articles describing reconstructive or non-invasive techniques, injectable fillers, lasers, and neurotoxins were excluded. Of the 100 most-cited articles, the publication year, specialty journal, the corresponding author’s primary specialty, the focus of the article, the corresponding author’s country of residence, the type of study, and the level of evidence were analyzed. Results: The mean number of citations per article was 75 ± 42. There were more articles published from 1989–1999 (n = 53) than later decades. Most articles originated from the USA (n = 82) and were published in plastic surgery journals (n = 81). Plastic surgery was the primary specialty of the corresponding authors (n = 71), followed by oculoplastic surgery (n = 22). Most articles (n = 69) reported on surgical techniques. Of the clinical studies (n = 69), 45 (79%) provided level IV evidence. Conclusions: Of the 100 most-cited studies on periorbital rejuvenation, studies focusing on periorbital anatomy, aging, and surgical techniques comprised the most-cited publications. An anatomically based approach accounting for age-related changes in the periorbital structures is paramount in the field of contemporary periorbital rejuvenation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery)
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Review

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16 pages, 3425 KiB  
Review
Current Trends in Orthognathic Surgery
by Domenick Zammit, Russell E. Ettinger, Paymon Sanati-Mehrizy and Srinivas M. Susarla
Medicina 2023, 59(12), 2100; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122100 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1688
Abstract
Orthognathic surgery has evolved significantly over the past century. Osteotomies of the midface and mandible are contemporaneously used to perform independent or coordinated movements to address functional and aesthetic problems. Specific advances in the past twenty years include increasing fidelity with computer-assisted planning, [...] Read more.
Orthognathic surgery has evolved significantly over the past century. Osteotomies of the midface and mandible are contemporaneously used to perform independent or coordinated movements to address functional and aesthetic problems. Specific advances in the past twenty years include increasing fidelity with computer-assisted planning, the use of patient-specific fixation, expanding indications for management of upper airway obstruction, and shifts in orthodontic-surgical paradigms. This review article serves to highlight the contemporary practice of orthognathic surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery)
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12 pages, 2161 KiB  
Review
Facial Feminization Surgery: Anatomical Differences, Preoperative Planning, Techniques, and Ethical Considerations
by Sarah L. Barnett, Joshua Choe, Christopher Aiello and James P. Bradley
Medicina 2023, 59(12), 2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122070 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1783
Abstract
Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) is a transformative surgical approach aimed at aligning the facial features of transgender women with their gender identity. Through a systematic analysis, this paper explores the clinical differences between male and female facial skeletons along with the craniofacial techniques [...] Read more.
Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) is a transformative surgical approach aimed at aligning the facial features of transgender women with their gender identity. Through a systematic analysis, this paper explores the clinical differences between male and female facial skeletons along with the craniofacial techniques employed in FFS for each region. The preoperative planning stage is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of virtual planning and AI morphing as valuable tools to be used to achieve surgical precision. Consideration is given to special circumstances, such as procedure sequencing for older patients and silicone removal. Clinical outcomes, through patient-reported outcome measures and AI-based gender-typing assessments, showcase the efficacy of FFS in achieving proper gender recognition and alleviating gender dysphoria. This comprehensive review not only offers valuable insights into the current state of knowledge regarding FFS but also emphasizes the potential of artificial intelligence in outcome evaluation and surgical planning to further advance patient care and satisfaction with FFS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery)
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10 pages, 628 KiB  
Review
Advances in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery
by Mario A. Aycart and Edward J. Caterson
Medicina 2023, 59(11), 1932; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111932 - 01 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1883
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is one of the most common congenital malformations, with an average prevalence of 1 in 1000 live births. Cleft lip and/or palate is incredibly phenotypically diverse, with constant advancements and refinements in how we care for [...] Read more.
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is one of the most common congenital malformations, with an average prevalence of 1 in 1000 live births. Cleft lip and/or palate is incredibly phenotypically diverse, with constant advancements and refinements in how we care for patients. This article presents an in-depth review of the latest advances and current evidence in cleft lip and palate surgery. This includes presurgical infant orthopedics, perioperative practice patterns including use of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, patient-reported outcome measures, and the latest adjuncts in cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery)
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10 pages, 4943 KiB  
Review
Evolution of Medical Modeling and 3D Printing in Microvascular Midface Reconstruction: Literature Review and Experience at MD Anderson Cancer Center
by John W. Shuck, Rene D. Largo, Matthew M. Hanasono and Edward I. Chang
Medicina 2023, 59(10), 1762; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101762 - 02 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1206
Abstract
Reconstruction of the midface represents a challenge for reconstructive microsurgeons given the formidable task of restoring both aesthetics and functionality. In particular, preservation of proper globe positioning and maintaining normal vision are as important as restoring the proper projection of the midface and [...] Read more.
Reconstruction of the midface represents a challenge for reconstructive microsurgeons given the formidable task of restoring both aesthetics and functionality. In particular, preservation of proper globe positioning and maintaining normal vision are as important as restoring the proper projection of the midface and enabling a patient to speak and eat as normally as possible. The introduction of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and medical modeling has revolutionized bony reconstruction of the craniofacial skeleton; however, the overwhelming majority of studies have focused on mandibular reconstruction. Here, we introduce some novel advances in utilizing VSP for bony reconstruction of the midface. The present review aims (1) to provide a review of the literature on the use of VSP in midface reconstruction and (2) to provide some insights from the authors’ early experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery)
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17 pages, 1672 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery
by Catherine Wroclawski, Jai Kumar Mediratta and W. Jonathan Fillmore
Medicina 2023, 59(8), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59081409 - 02 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2997
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect a high percentage of children and adults worldwide. Surgery may be indicated in severe or recalcitrant cases. Several recent advancements in TMD and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery have elevated understanding and the ability to treat affected patients. We discuss [...] Read more.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect a high percentage of children and adults worldwide. Surgery may be indicated in severe or recalcitrant cases. Several recent advancements in TMD and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery have elevated understanding and the ability to treat affected patients. We discuss recent advances in TMD epidemiology, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the TMJ, and surgical techniques and technologies. Technical advancements have been identified in TMJ arthroscopy, the treatment of TMJ subluxation and dislocation, and extended prosthetic total TMJ reconstruction (eTMJR). Overall, this review provides valuable insights into significant recent advancements in TMJ disorders and their surgical management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery)
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