Updates on Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2024 | Viewed by 3765

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Medical Area (DAME), Academic Hospital of Udine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Interests: breast surgery; microsurgery

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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: breast reconstruction; robotic surgery
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Guest Editor
Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Academic Hospital of Udine, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Interests: plastic surgery; reconstructive surgery; microsurgery; free flap; free tissue transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thanks to new technologies such as last-generation breast implants, biologic and synthetic matrices and even more conservative mastectomies, breast reconstruction is becoming increasingly challenging and tailored to the patient.

Of the different types of plastic surgery targeted to various parts of the body, reconstructive surgery of the breast is the one that covers the widest range of fields, including in fact autologous reconstruction with flaps (microsurgical or not), heterologous reconstruction with implants, hybrid reconstructions, lipograft and regenerative surgery. In such a various scenario, every surgeon has developed their personal approach to different techniques and refined their practice in a personalized manner. With this Special Issue, we wish to give a voice to surgeons who want to share their workhorse and their experiences with the latest advancements in post-mastectomy breast reconstruction.

Dr. Glenda Giorgia Caputo
Dr. Rossella Sgarzani
Prof. Dr. Pier Camillo Parodi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • post-mastectomy breast reconstruction
  • DIEP flap
  • PAP flap
  • breast implants
  • ADMs
  • synthetic meshes
  • direct-to-implant, two-stages
  • flap monitoring
  • TMG-flap

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 7180 KiB  
Article
Redefining the Axillary Aesthetic: Surgical Management of Axillary Tissue Hypertrophy
by Neil Tanna, Sarah Barnett, Christopher Aiello, Lucas M. Boehm and M. Bradley Calobrace
Medicina 2024, 60(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60010126 - 10 Jan 2024
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: Axillary tissue hypertrophy consists of ectopic breast tissue and occurs in up to six percent of women. Women complain of pain, interference with activity, and dissatisfaction with appearance. While it is recommended that accessory breast tissue be removed via surgical [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Axillary tissue hypertrophy consists of ectopic breast tissue and occurs in up to six percent of women. Women complain of pain, interference with activity, and dissatisfaction with appearance. While it is recommended that accessory breast tissue be removed via surgical excision, there is lack of consensus on the best technique for the surgical management of axillary tissue hypertrophy. In this study, the senior authors (BC and NT) review outcomes and complications as they pertain to the surgical treatment of axillary tissue hypertrophy and axillary contouring. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients (n = 35), from two separate institutions, who presented with axillary tissue hypertrophy between December 2019 and August 2021 was conducted. All patients underwent a technique that included direct crescentic dermato-lipectomy and glandular excision with axillary crease obliteration. Tissue was sent for histological analysis after removal. During a six-month follow-up period, all patient outcomes were recorded. Results: The authors treated 35 women with axillary tissue hypertrophy. All patients complained of aesthetic deformity with significant discomfort leading to the desire for surgery. Histologically, all specimens contained benign breast and adipose tissue. Hypertrophic scarring, seroma, and axillary cording were noted complications. Conclusions: Detailed is the surgical management and optimal technique that can be used to treat both adipose and fibroglandular axillary tissue hypertrophy while simultaneously providing a favorable axillary aesthetic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction)
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11 pages, 1573 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Acellular Dermal Matrix Integration in Heterologous Breast Reconstructive Surgery: Surgical Tips and Post-Operative Management
by Glenda Caputo, Anna Scarabosio, Jacopo Di Filippo, Filippo Contessi Negrini, Roberta Albanese, Sebastiano Mura and Pier Camillo Parodi
Medicina 2023, 59(7), 1231; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59071231 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1140
Abstract
Background and Objective: Prepectoral implant placement in breast reconstruction is currently a must-have in the portfolios of breast surgeons. The introduction of new tools and conservative mastectomies is a game changer in this field. The prepectoral plane usually goes hand-in-hand with the [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Prepectoral implant placement in breast reconstruction is currently a must-have in the portfolios of breast surgeons. The introduction of new tools and conservative mastectomies is a game changer in this field. The prepectoral plane usually goes hand-in-hand with the ADM wrapping of the implant. It is a cell-free dermal matrix comprising a structurally integrated basement membrane complex and an extracellular matrix. The literature reports that ADMs may be useful, but proper patient selection, surgical placement, and post-operative management are essential to unlock the potential of this tool, as these factors contribute to the proper integration of the matrix with surrounding tissues. Materials and Methods: A total of 245 prepectoral breast reconstructions with prostheses or expanders and ADMs were performed in our institution between 2016 and 2022. A retrospective study was carried out to record patient characteristics, risk factors, surgical procedures, reconstructive processes, and complications. Based on our experience, we developed a meticulous reconstruction protocol in order to optimize surgical practice and lower complication rates. The DTI and two-stage reconstruction were compared. Results: Seroma formation was the most frequent early complication (less than 90 days after surgery) that we observed; however, the majority were drained in outpatient settings and healed rapidly. Secondary healing of wounds, which required a few more weeks of dressing, represented the second most frequent early complication (10.61%). Rippling was the most common late complication, particularly in DTI patients. After comparing the DTI and two-stage reconstruction, no statistically significant increase in complications was found. Conclusions: The weakness of prepectoral breast reconstruction is poor matrix integration, which leads to seroma and other complications. ADM acts like a graft; it requires firm and healthy tissues to set in. In order to do so, there are three key steps to follow: (1) adequate patient selection; (2) preservative and gentle handling of intra-operative technique; and (3) meticulous post-operative management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction)
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Review

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13 pages, 300 KiB  
Review
Current Global Trends in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction
by Saima Taj, Ravi Chandavarkar and Raghavan Vidya
Medicina 2024, 60(3), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60030431 - 03 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most frequently performed procedure for breast reconstruction following mastectomy, which involves the surgical placement of breast implants. The approach to breast reconstruction can be divided into two main categories, namely prepectoral breast reconstruction (PPBR) and subpectoral breast [...] Read more.
Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most frequently performed procedure for breast reconstruction following mastectomy, which involves the surgical placement of breast implants. The approach to breast reconstruction can be divided into two main categories, namely prepectoral breast reconstruction (PPBR) and subpectoral breast reconstruction (SPBR), based on the implant plan and placement technique. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the popularity of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction, where the implants are positioned above the chest muscle, as opposed to beneath it in the subpectoral approach. However, despite this growing preference, there is a lack of comprehensive data regarding the national trends in the utilization of this technique, thus necessitating further investigation. This narrative review aims to ascertain the current global patterns linked to prepectoral breast reconstruction and elucidate the considerations surrounding patient and implant selection, reconstructive techniques, the utilization of meshes in prepectoral reconstruction, the ensuing outcomes and complications, the ramifications of radiotherapy, and the potential advantages of integrating fat infiltration into the implementation of this technique in breast reconstruction with a focus on published papers in last five years. Conclusion: Prepectoral breast reconstruction has emerged as an appropriate surgical option for individuals seeking breast reconstruction. This development can be attributed to the recent progress made in implant technology, which has significantly enhanced the outcomes of this procedure. Additionally, advancements in mastectomy techniques, autologous fat grafting, and the use of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have also played a vital role in improving the aesthetic results of prepectoral breast reconstruction. As a result, the significance and effectiveness of this technique in the field of breast reconstruction have been firmly established, making it an essential component of the overall armamentarium available to plastic surgeons for breast reconstruction purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction)
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