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Silicate Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Porous Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2023) | Viewed by 8474

Special Issue Editors

General Chemistry and Silicate Technology, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, Russia
Interests: silicate materials; porous structure; geopolymer; enamel coatings
Department of Chemical Engineering, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, Russia
Interests: foam glass; thermal insulation; glass; waste recycling; geopolymers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust after oxygen, with a content of 26–29%. Silicon oxide (IV) SiO2 (silica) is the main form in which silicon is presented in nature. Silica-based natural and artificial materials play an indispensable role in modern civilization. SiO2 is the basis of all glass products, ceramics, and cements, which are the main materials for sustainable construction. In addition, new carbon-neutral methods for obtaining building materials using non-firing technologies are being actively developed. The leading method among them is the geopolymerization method. Obtaining building and functional silicate materials is critical for the comprehensive development of any country, and research in this area is always of great interest.

The issue includes a wide range of studies on aspects of the synthesis of various silicate materials, including building materials, thermal insulating materials, coatings, and materials with special properties. The processes of physical and chemical interaction of the components of raw mixtures, the formation of the structure of the synthesized materials, and the relationship between their composition, structure, and properties will be considered. Particular attention will be paid to research in the field of synthesis of functional materials based on silica-containing wastes, since most wastes from many industries (mining and processing of ores and minerals, metal production, solid fuel thermal power engineering, and many others) are represented by silicate products. This direction is especially relevant for solving one of the most important problems of our time: reducing the environmental load by recycling anthropogenic waste.

I am pleased to invite you to submit an article to this Special Issue. Full articles, short communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Yatsenko Elena Alfredovna
Dr. Boris M. Goltsman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • silica
  • silicate materials
  • geopolymer
  • glass ceramics
  • waste recycling
  • alkali-activated materials
  • silicate coatings

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1168 KiB  
Article
Impact of Final Irrigation Protocol on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Types of Endodontic Sealers
by Germain Sfeir, Frédéric Bukiet, Wajih Hage, Roula El Hachem and Carla Zogheib
Materials 2023, 16(5), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051761 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1456
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the final irrigation protocol on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based sealers when compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four single-rooted mandibular human premolars were shaped using [...] Read more.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the final irrigation protocol on the push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based sealers when compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four single-rooted mandibular human premolars were shaped using the R25® instrument (Reciproc, VDW, Munich, Germany) and then divided into three subgroups of 28 roots each depending on the final irrigation protocol: EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid) and NaOCl activation, Dual Rinse® HEDP (1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonate) activation or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) activation. Then, each subgroup was divided into two groups (14 each) according to the sealer used (AH Plus Jet® or Total Fill BC Sealer®) for single-cone obturation. Dislodgement resistance using a universal testing machine, samples’ push-out bond strength and failure mode under magnification were determined. Results: EDTA/Total Fill BC Sealer® showed significantly greater values of push-out bond strength compared with HEDP/Total Fill BC Sealer® and NaOCl/AH Plus Jet®, with no statistical difference with EDTA/AH Plus Jet®, HEDP/AH Plus Jet® and NaOCl/Total Fill BC Sealer®, whereas HEDP/Total Fill BC Sealer® showed significantly lower values of push-out bond strength. The apical third demonstrated higher means of push-out bond strength compared with middle and apical thirds. The most common failure mode was cohesive but showed no statistical difference compared to other types. Conclusions: Irrigation solution and final irrigation protocol affect the adhesion of calcium silicate-based sealers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicate Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications)
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17 pages, 4957 KiB  
Article
Influence of Various Coal Energy Wastes and Foaming Agents on Foamed Geopolymer Materials’ Synthesis
by Elena A. Yatsenko, Boris M. Goltsman, Sergei V. Trofimov, Yuri V. Novikov, Victoria A. Smoliy, Anna V. Ryabova and Lyudmila V. Klimova
Materials 2023, 16(1), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010264 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1517
Abstract
The regularities of obtaining foamed alkali-activated geopolymer materials based on different wastes of coal power engineering (fly ash, fuel (boiler) slag, ash, and slag mixture) were considered. The phase composition of the studied waste showed the presence of a significant amount of the [...] Read more.
The regularities of obtaining foamed alkali-activated geopolymer materials based on different wastes of coal power engineering (fly ash, fuel (boiler) slag, ash, and slag mixture) were considered. The phase composition of the studied waste showed the presence of a significant amount of the amorphous phase, as well as a crystalline phase. mostly in the form of high quartz. The microstructure of studied the waste showed that the fly ash consisted of monodisperse hollow aluminosilicate microspheres, the fuel slag was represented by polydisperse irregular particles, and the ash and slag mixture included both of these materials in different ratios. Blowing agents such as aluminum powder, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite were chosen to achieve the porous structure of the geopolymer materials. The calculations of the geopolymer precursor compositions were carried out. Samples were synthesized, and their physical and mechanical properties, such as density, strength, porosity, and thermal conductivity, were analyzed. The micro- and macrostructure of the samples, as well as the pore distribution of the obtained geopolymers were studied. Conclusions were made on the choice of the most-optimal foaming agent and the optimal coal combustion waste suitable for the synthesis of the geopolymer materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicate Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications)
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17 pages, 6248 KiB  
Article
Role of Carbon Phase in the Formation of Foam Glass Porous Structure
by Boris M. Goltsman and Elena A. Yatsenko
Materials 2022, 15(22), 7913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227913 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1047
Abstract
The production of durable, non-combustible, heat-insulating materials is currently very important. One of the most promising materials is foam glass. Modern enterprises widely use organic foaming agents in foam glass production. The purpose of this work is to study the role of the [...] Read more.
The production of durable, non-combustible, heat-insulating materials is currently very important. One of the most promising materials is foam glass. Modern enterprises widely use organic foaming agents in foam glass production. The purpose of this work is to study the role of the carbon phase formed during the organic foaming agent’s (glycerol) thermal destruction in the processes of glass mass foaming. The samples were synthesized using the powder method with high-temperature treatment. Different ratios of glycerol and waterglass in a foaming mixture showed that amount of glycerol should be less than in waterglass. Otherwise, the amount is excessive and the glycerol burns out. It was shown that the quantitative description of the carbon phase structure and properties is complicated by its nanometer size and fusion into the glass. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that carbon particle size cannot be greater than 535 nm. Using a set of methods, it was proved that the carbon phase is represented by nanometer particles of amorphous sp2-carbon. Therefore, the foaming mechanism includes nanoparticles settling and immersing into the glass surface, a reaction of carbon with the sulfate ions from glass with a release of gases. Conclusions on foaming intensification via using sulfur additions and other organic foaming agents were drawn. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicate Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications)
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13 pages, 3346 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Aluminum Silicate and Its Adsorption for Pb (II) Ions and Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution
by Hye-Soo Jo, Hyeonjin Kim and Seog-Young Yoon
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3562; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103562 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2641
Abstract
Aluminum silicate powder was prepared using two different syntheses: (1) co-precipitation and (2) two-step sol-gel method. All synthesized powders were characterized by various techniques including XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, BET, porosimeter, and zetasizer. The particle morphology of the synthesized aluminum silicate powder was greatly [...] Read more.
Aluminum silicate powder was prepared using two different syntheses: (1) co-precipitation and (2) two-step sol-gel method. All synthesized powders were characterized by various techniques including XRD, FE-SEM, FT-IR, BET, porosimeter, and zetasizer. The particle morphology of the synthesized aluminum silicate powder was greatly different depending on the synthesis. The synthesized aluminum silicate powder by co-precipitation had a low specific surface area (158 m2/g) and the particle appeared to have a sharp edge, as though in a glassy state. On the other hand, synthesized aluminum silicate powder by the two-step sol-gel method had a mesoporous structure and a large specific surface area (430 m2/g). The aluminum silicate powders as adsorbents were characterized for their adsorption behavior towards Pb (II) ions and methylene blue in an aqueous solution performed in a batch adsorption experiment. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb (II) ions and methylene blue onto the two-step sol-gel method powder were over four-times and seven-times higher than that of the co-precipitation powder, respectively. These results show that the aluminum silicate powder synthesized with a two-step sol-gel method using ammonia can be a potential adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions and organic dyes from an aqueous solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicate Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications)
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14 pages, 5660 KiB  
Article
Effective Anti-Oxidation Repair Coating for C/C Brake Materials Comprising Lead-Borosilicate and Bismuth-Borosilicate Glass
by Mengjia Deng, Xiaoyu Xia, Juanli Deng, Kaiyue Hu, Chenghua Luan, Xu Ma, Shangwu Fan and Peng Wang
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2827; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082827 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1053
Abstract
To achieve effective antioxidation of on-site repair coating for C/C brake materials in the full temperature range (500–900 °C), lead glass and bismuth glass were introduced into the borosilicate glass to acquire the protective coatings. Before preparing coating samples, the thermal gravity characteristics [...] Read more.
To achieve effective antioxidation of on-site repair coating for C/C brake materials in the full temperature range (500–900 °C), lead glass and bismuth glass were introduced into the borosilicate glass to acquire the protective coatings. Before preparing coating samples, the thermal gravity characteristics of the lead/bismuth–borosilicate glass powders were analyzed by TG/DSC. The results revealed that the temperature at which weight gain begins was 495 °C and 545 °C, respectively. The oxidation behaviors of the lead- and bismuth-modified borosilicate glass coatings were compared at 500 °C, and the antioxidation properties of the former were further examined from 500 to 900 °C. The oxidation results indicated that mixing lead glass with borosilicate glass realized effective oxidation resistance in the full temperature range. With a lead content of 20%, the lead–borosilicate glass coating was able to protect C/C substrates from oxidation. The corresponding weight loss of the lead-glass-coated samples was −1.89% when oxidized at 500 °C for 10 h, while the weight loss was −2.55% when further oxidized at 900 °C for 10 h. However, mixing bismuth glass with borosilicate glass was difficult to achieve the oxidation resistance of the coating at 500 °C due to the significant phase separation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Silicate Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications)
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