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Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 19836

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mirosław Szala

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Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: cavitation erosion; abrasion; tribology; failure analysis; additive manufacturing; thermal spraying; thin films; shot peening; ion implantation; hardfacing; welding; cobalt alloys; nickel alloys; cermets; metal matrix composites; stainless and structural steels; fatigue; mechanical properties; microstructure
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Prof. Dr. Mariusz Walczak

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Guest Editor

Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: surface engineering; wear mechanisms; tribology; corrosion; failure analysis; additive manufacturing; thin films; shot peening; metallic and ceramic biomaterials; titanium alloys; cobalt alloys; nickel alloys; auminium alloys; magnesium alloys; metal matrix composites; steels; nanoindentation; scratch testing; surface roughness; mechanical properties; microstructure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The literature includes systematic studies of the wear behavior and phenomena responsible for materials’ degradation resistance. Overall, from the broad range of deterioration processes, wear, corrosion and erosion are the dominant types of engineering material degradation. Even though the literature on the subject explains the general factors influencing general materials’ resistance, the continuous development of metal-based structure fabrication, processing and treatment technology demands systematic reporting on the advances in the wear properties of metallic and ceramic materials. From both the scientific and engineering points of view, the wear of machine components must be minimized to improve their reliability. The engineering industry is demanding ceramic- and metal-based structures that perform well in terms of wear, corrosion and erosion environments or optimally in all. First, to manage that task, material wear mechanisms should be understood. To facilitate the selection and design of wear-resistant materials, computer simulation, numerical calculations or artificial neural networks can be employed. Therefore, papers containing experimental and numerical results combined with the effect of material properties on wear, erosion and corrosion resistance are especially welcome.

This Special Issue is focused on studies related to wear, corrosion and erosion resistance and wear mechanisms of metal-based structures and ceramic materials or MMC composites: metal alloys, sinters, hardfacings, thermally sprayed deposits, thin films, composites, additive manufactured metal structures and many more. Papers focused on wear improvement via the modification of microstructural properties, surface layer treatment and the deposition of wear-resistant coatings onto a metal-based substrate are encouraged. The scientific papers contained in this Special Issue will provide new knowledge in the fields of materials science and mechanical engineering.

This Special Issue is open for submissions and welcomes original research contributions and review articles highlighting recent advances and future directions in the fields of wear, corrosion and erosion behavior of metallic and ceramic structures.

Dr. Mirosław Szala
Prof. Dr. Mariusz Walczak
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

wear, tribology and friction
erosion and corrosion phenomena
wear behavior and wear mechanisms
additive manufacturing technology
hardfacing, cladding and overlay welding
surface engineering and laser surfacing
thermal spraying
PVD thin-film deposition
ion implantation
shot peening and cold working processing
artificial neural network
computational simulations

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 172 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity—Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention

by Mirosław Szala and Mariusz Walczak

Materials 2024, 17(7), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071541 - 28 Mar 2024

Viewed by 432

Abstract

The literature systematically describes the wear behavior and phenomena responsible for the degradation resistance of materials [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

Research

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16 pages, 9600 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shot Peening Effect on Sliding Wear in 0.9% NaCl of Additively Manufactured 17-4PH Steel

by Mariusz Walczak, Aleksander Świetlicki, Mirosław Szala, Marcin Turek and Dariusz Chocyk

Materials 2024, 17(6), 1383; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061383 - 18 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 447

Abstract

The growing demand for modern steels showing corrosion and tribological resistance has led to their increased use in the production of medical devices. This study analyzed the effect of shot peening on wear resistance in 0.9% NaCl solution of 17-4PH steel produced by direct laser metal sintering (DMLS) technology. The study’s novelty relies on revealing the effect of shot peening (SP) surface treatment on the wet sliding wear resistance of 17-4PH steel produced with DMLS. Moreover, in the context of 17-4PH steel application for medical devices, the 0.9% NaCl tribological environment were selected, and SP processes were conducted using steel CrNi shot and ceramic (ZrO₂) beads. The up-to-date scientific literature has not identified these gaps in the research. DMLS technology makes it possible to obtain products with complex architectures, but it also faces various challenges, including imperfections in the surface layer of products due to the use of 3D printing technology itself. The chemical and phase composition of the materials obtained, Vickers hardness, surface roughness, and microscopic and SEM imaging were investigated. Tribological tests were carried out using the ball-on-disc method, and the surfaces that showed traces of abrasion to identify wear mechanisms were subjected to SEM analysis. The XRD phase analysis indicates that austenite and martensite were found in the post-production state, while a higher martensitic phase content was found in peened samples due to phase transformations. The surface hardness of the peened samples increased by more than double, and the post-treatment roughness increased by 12.8% after peening CrNi steels and decreased by 7.8% after peening ZrO₂ relative to the reference surfaces. Roughness has an identifiable effect on sliding wear resistance. Higher roughness promotes material loss. After the SP process, the coefficient of friction increased by 15.5% and 20.7%, while the wear factor (K) decreased by 25.9% and 32.7% for the samples peened with CrNi steels and ZrO₂, respectively. Abrasive and adhesive mechanisms were dominant, featured with slight fatigue. The investigation showed a positive effect of SP on the tribological properties of DMSL 17-4PH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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23 pages, 5465 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Organosilicon Self-Assembled Surface Nanolayers on Zinc—Formation and Their Influence on the Electrochemical and Corrosion Zinc Ongoing

by Maxim Petrunin, Liudmila Maksaeva and Tatyana Yurasova

Materials 2023, 16(17), 6045; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16176045 - 02 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 887

Abstract

The adsorption of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VS) on the surface of sputtered (by thermal spraying in vacuum) zinc has been investigated. The adsorption isotherms of VC on zinc from an aqueous solution were obtain. In order to determine the adsorption characteristics of VS molecules and to calculate the heats of adsorption, the obtained adsorption isotherms were mathematically processed in terms of the well-known adsorption approaches (approximations, adsorption isotherms). It has been established that this organosilane was chemisorbed on the surface of freshly deposited zinc after 60 min. After the sample was immersed in the solution, a self-organized organosilicon layer was formed on the metal surface. The application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic-force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy allowed to us study in detail the interactions between VS molecules and the metal surface and to determine the structural features of the formed surface films. The mechanism of formation of self-assembled surface layers on zinc has been proposed. Electrochemical and corrosion research methods have been used to investigate the anticorrosion characteristics of organosilicon films on zinc. High stability of surface organosilicone layers with respect to the corrosive components of electrolyte action was shown by an infrared spectroscopy study carried out after corrosion tests Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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15 pages, 5464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of the Pre-Anodized Film Thickness on Growth Mechanism of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on the 1060 Al Substrate

by Wanting Gong, Ruina Ma, An Du, Xue Zhao and Yongzhe Fan

Materials 2023, 16(17), 5922; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175922 - 30 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 733

Abstract

To increase the density of the micro-arc oxide coating, AA 1060 samples were pretreated with an anodic oxide film in an oxalic acid solution. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was performed to investigate the effect of the thickness of the pre-anodic oxide film on the soft-sparking mechanism. The experimental results revealed that the PEO coating phases with different thicknesses of the pre-anodized films contained both Al and gamma–alumina (γ-Al₂O₃). The pre-anodized film changes the final morphology of the coating, accelerating the soft sparking transition and retaining the soft sparking. At a pre-anodized film thickness of ≤7.7 μm, the anodized films thickened before being broken through. When the pre-anodized film thickness was ≥13.1 μm, partial dissolution of the anodized films occurred before they were struck through. Two growth mechanisms for PEO coatings with different pre-anodized film thicknesses were proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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16 pages, 18102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study of the Three-Body Abrasive Wear Resistance of 5V/5Nb-5Cr-5Mo-5W-5Co-Fe Multicomponent Cast Alloys with Different Carbon Percentages

by Riki Hendra Purba, Kazumichi Shimizu, Kenta Kusumoto, Yila Gaqi and Mohammad Jobayer Huq

Materials 2023, 16(8), 3102; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16083102 - 14 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1009

Abstract

Since it is well known in the literature that transition metals can form extremely hard carbides and effectively strengthen a material’s matrix, recently, some of them, such as V, Nb, Cr, Mo, and W, have been simultaneously added to cast iron. In addition, it is common to add Co to cast iron to strengthen the material’s matrix. However, the wear resistance of cast iron can also be considerably affected by the addition of C, which is rarely discussed in the literature by the experts. Therefore, the effect of C content (1.0; 1.5; 2.0 wt.%) on the abrasive wear behavior of 5 wt.% V/Nb, Cr, Mo, W, and Co alloys was investigated in this study. An evaluation was conducted using a rubber wheel abrasion testing machine in accordance with ASTM G65 with silica sand (1100 HV; 300 μm) as abrasive particles. The results show that plural carbides (MC, M₂C, and M₇C3) precipitated on the microstructure of the material, which is not unlike the behavior of other types of carbides as the quantity of C increases. The hardness and wear resistance properties of 5V-5Cr-5Mo-5W-5Co-Fe and 5Nb-5Cr-5Mo-5W-5Co-Fe multicomponent cast alloys increased as the quantity of C increased. However, we observed no significant difference in the hardness between the two materials with the same C additions, while 5Nb presented better wear resistance properties compared to the 5V sample due to the larger size of NbC compared to VC. Therefore, it can be determined that, in this study, the size of the carbide plays a more important role than its volume fraction and hardness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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19 pages, 64672 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations of Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Hybrid High-Boron Multi-Component Alloys: Effect of Boron and Carbon Contents by the Factorial Design Method

by Yuliia Chabak, Ivan Petryshynets, Vasily Efremenko, Michail Golinskyi, Kazumichi Shimizu, Vadym Zurnadzhy, Ivan Sili, Hossam Halfa, Bohdan Efremenko and Viktor Puchy

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2530; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062530 - 22 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1204

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the evaluation of the “three-body-abrasion” wear behaviour of (wt.%) 5W–5Mo–5V–10Cr-2.5Ti-Fe (balance) multi-component (C + B)-added alloys in the as-cast condition. The carbon (0.3 wt.%, 0.7 wt.%, 1.1 wt.%) and boron (1.5 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 3.5 wt.%) contents were selected using a full factorial (3²) design method. The alloys had a near-eutectic (at 1.5 wt.% B) or hyper-eutectic (at 2.5–3.5 wt.% B) structure. The structural micro-constituents were (in different combinations): (a) (W, Mo, and V)-rich borocarbide M₂(B,C)₅ as the coarse primary prismatoids or as the fibres of a “Chinese-script” eutectic, (b) Ti-rich carboboride M(C,B) with a dispersed equiaxed shape, (c) Cr-rich carboboride M₇(C,B)₃ as the plates of a “rosette”-like eutectic, and (d) Fe-rich boroncementite (M₃(C,B)) as the plates of “coarse-net” and ledeburite eutectics. The metallic matrix was ferrite (at 0.3–1.1 wt.% C and 1.5 wt.% B) and “ferrite + pearlite” or martensite (at 0.7–1.1 wt.% C and 2.5–3.5 wt.% B). The bulk hardness varied from 29 HRC (0.3 wt.% C–1.5 wt.% B) to 53.5 HRC (1.1 wt.% C–3.5 wt.% B). The wear test results were mathematically processed and the regression equation of the wear rate as a function of the carbon and boron contents was derived and analysed. At any carbon content, the lowest wear rate was attributed to the alloy with 1.5 wt.% B. Adding 2.5 wt.% B led to an increase in the wear rate because of the appearance of coarse primary borocarbides (M₂(B,C)₅), which were prone to chipping and spalling-off under abrasion. At a higher boron content (3.5 wt.%), the wear rate decreased due to the increase in the volume fraction of the eutectic carboborides. The optimal chemical composition was found to be 1.1 wt.% C–1.5 wt.% B with a near-eutectic structure with about 35 vol.% of hard inclusions (M₂(B,C)₅, M(C,B), M₃(C,B), and M₇(C,B)₃) in total. The effect of carbon and boron on the abrasive behaviour of the multi-component cast alloys with respect to the alloys’ structure is discussed, and the mechanism of wear for these alloys is proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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16 pages, 9128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of the As-Cast and Solid-Solution-Treated AM50 Magnesium Alloy in Different Media

by Miao Yang, Xiaobo Liu, Liyun Xing and Zhaoyu Chen

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2406; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062406 - 17 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 925

Abstract

Hydrogen embrittlement and the anodic dissolution mechanism are two important aspects of the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys. Here, to evaluate the effects of these two aspects on the corrosion failure of magnesium alloys under stress, the stress and corrosion behaviors of the AM50 magnesium alloy in air, deionized water, and NaCl solution after solid-solution (T4) treatment were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, slow strain rate tensile testing, and vacuum dehydrogenation. The as-cast AM50 magnesium alloy was mainly composed of the α-Mg and β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phases. After T4 treatment, the amount of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase was significantly reduced, and only a small amount existed at the grain boundaries. After T4 treatment, the stress corrosion resistance in deionized water improved, but it decreased in an NaCl environment. Dehydrogenation experiments showed that the effect of hydrogen on the corrosion process was weakened owing to the decrease of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase after solution treatment. The effects of hydrogen embrittlement and the anodic dissolution mechanism on the corrosion behavior of the AM50 magnesium alloy under stress were different. In deionized water, the hydrogen embrittlement mechanism played the major role, while the anodic dissolution mechanism played the major role in the presence of Cl⁻ ions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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10 pages, 4707 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Marine Atmospheric Corrosion on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of 7075 High-Strength Aluminum Alloy

by Lin Xiang, Jianquan Tao, Xiangsheng Xia, Zude Zhao, Qiang Chen, Yan Su, Shuxin Chai, Zhongyan Zheng and Jipeng Sun

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2396; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062396 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1010

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of corrosion on the microstructure and tensile properties of 7075 high-strength alloy. It involved outdoor exposure tests in an actual marine atmospheric environment in Wanning, Hainan Province. The results showed that the 7075 alloy was corroded rapidly in the marine atmospheric environment, and corrosion pits and intergranular cracks were generated. The intergranular cracks were extended along the grain boundary during corrosion, leading to the exfoliation of the matrix. The cause for the intergranular corrosion was discussed based on the microstructure characteristics of 7075 alloy. The tensile properties of the 7075 alloy gradually deteriorated with the increase of exposure time in the marine atmospheric environment. The ultimate strength and elongation were decreased by about 3.2% and 58.3%, respectively, after 12 months of outdoor exposure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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15 pages, 6843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Grain Size on the Tribological Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy

by Ying Wang, Dong Li, Junsheng Yang, Junsong Jin, Mao Zhang, Xinyun Wang, Bin Li, Zhigang Hu and Pan Gong

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1714; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041714 - 18 Feb 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1306

Abstract

The effect and mechanism of grain sizes on the tribological behavior of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) were studied by friction experiments and wear morphology analysis. Under normal low load and low sliding speed, the primary wear mechanism of the HEA samples is adhesive wear. With the increase in sliding speed, the wear mechanisms of the samples are adhesive wear and oxidation wear. The oxide layer formed under the action of friction heat of the coarse grain (CG) sample is easy to break due to the softening of the CG. With the increase of normal load and sliding speed, the wear mechanisms of the HEA samples are mainly adhesive wear, oxidation wear, and plastic deformation. The oxide layer of CG sample has many cracks, and the worn surface also has plastic deformation, which leads to the increase of friction coefficient and specific wear rate and the decrease of wear resistance. Therefore, the fine grain size HEA sample has better wear resistance than the CG sample due to its high surface strength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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26 pages, 19123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of AISI H13 Steel Substrate Nitriding on AlCrN, ZrN, TiSiN, and TiCrN Multilayer PVD Coatings Wear and Friction Behaviors at a Different Temperature Level

by Doğuş Özkan, Mustafa Alper Yilmaz, Deniz Karakurt, Mirosław Szala, Mariusz Walczak, Seda Ataş Bakdemir, Cenk Türküz and Egemen Sulukan

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041594 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2142

Abstract

Moving components of industrial machines and tools are subjected to wear and friction. This reduces their useful life and efficiency in running conditions, particularly at high temperatures. One of the most popular solutions is to apply an appropriate surface coating to the tribocouple’s base materials. In this study, tribometer experiments were used to evaluate the tribological performance of cathodic arc physical vapor deposited (CAPVD) AlCrN, TiSiN, CrTiN, and ZrN coatings on the gas nitrided AISI H13 tool steel to explore the effects of nitriding the steel on wear and friction behavior of these coatings at ambient and elevated temperatures. The coatings characterization is split into three main parts: mechanical, morphological, and chemical characterization. Nanoindentation has been used for mechanical characterization, thin film X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer mounted on a scanning electron microscope for chemical characterization, optical profilometer, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for morphological characterization. Significant improvements in the adhesion qualities of the coatings to the substrate were achieved as a result of nitration. Due to this circumstance, the coatings’ load-bearing capacity and high-temperature wear resistance ratings were enhanced. The wear results showed that the AISI H13 tool steel nitriding with AlCrN and ZrN layers decreased wear rates by two to three times at 700 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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15 pages, 5219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Properties of TiAlN Coatings Obtained by Dual-HiPIMS with Short Pulses

by Alexander Grenadyorov, Vladimir Oskirko, Alexander Zakharov, Konstantin Oskomov, Sergey Rabotkin, Vyacheslav Semenov, Andrey Solovyev and Alexander Shmakov

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041348 - 05 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1555

Abstract

The paper focuses on the dual high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of TiAlN coatings using short pulses of high power delivered to the target. The surface morphology, elemental composition, phase composition, hardness, wear resistance, and adhesive strength of TiAlN coatings with different Al contents were investigated on WC–Co substrates. The heat resistance of the TiAlN coating was determined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The hardness of the TiAlN coating with a low Al content ranged from 17 to 30 GPa, and its wear rate varied between 1.8∙10⁻⁶ and 4.9∙10⁻⁶ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹ depending on the substrate bias voltage. The HF1–HF2 adhesion strength of the TiAlN coatings was evaluated with the Daimler–Benz Rockwell C test. The hardness and wear rate of the Ti_0.61Al_0.39N coating were 26.5 GPa and 5.2∙10⁻⁶ mm³·N⁻¹·m⁻¹, respectively. The annealing process at 700 °C considerably worsened the mechanical properties of the Ti_0.94Al_0.06N coating, in contrast to the Ti_0.61Al_0.39N coating, which manifested a high oxidation resistance at annealing temperatures of 940–950 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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12 pages, 3186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Corrosion Resistance and Hardness of Shot Peened X5CrNi18-10 Steel

by Mariusz Walczak, Mirosław Szala and Wojciech Okuniewski

Materials 2022, 15(24), 9000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15249000 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1333

Abstract

Although the application of shot peening facilitates increasing hardness and corrosion resistance of stainless steel, the inappropriate peening parameters result in overestimated hardening and exaggerated surface roughness, which deteriorate the surface morphology and negatively affect the corrosive behavior of treated steel. Therefore it is crucial to select the peening parameters that allow obtaining both high hardness and elevated corrosion resistance. This study aims to determine the effect of X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel samples shot peening on the surface morphology, hardness, and corrosion resistance. Samples were shot peened with a CrNi steel shot, applying 0.3 MPa and 0.4 MPa peening pressures and treatment times of 60 s and 120 s. Roughness analysis and microscopic and SEM-EDS examination were employed to state the effect of peening parameters on the sample’s corrosive behavior in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The most promising shot peening parameters for Vickers hardness and electrochemical corrosion resistance were selected. It is revealed that the surface roughness increase has a detrimental effect on the corrosion behavior. Overall, high corrosion resistance and the high hardness of stainless steel samples were noted for the peening pressure of 0.4 MPa and time treatment of 60 s. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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20 pages, 5369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Influence of Linear Energy/Heat Input Coefficient on Hardness and Weld Bead Geometry in Chromium-Rich Stringer GMAW Coatings

by Jan Pawlik, Jacek Cieślik, Michał Bembenek, Tomasz Góral, Sarken Kapayeva and Madina Kapkenova

Materials 2022, 15(17), 6019; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176019 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1468

Abstract

Wear of the working surfaces of machinery parts is a phenomenon that cannot be fully countered, only postponed. Among surface lifecycle elongation techniques, hardfacing is one which is most often used in heavy load applications. Hardfaced coating can be applied using different welding approaches or thermal spraying technologies, which differ when it comes to weld bead dimensional precision, layer thickness, process efficiency and material. In this study the authors examine the geometrical behavior and hardness properties of two distinctive chromium-based Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) cored wires. The stringer beads are applied numerically with five levels of linear energy, being a resultant of typical values of welding speed and wire feed, ranging between 250 mm/s to 1250 mm/s (welding speed) and 2 m/min to 10 m/min (wire feed). The samples were cut, etched and measured using a digital microscope and Vickers indenter, additionally the chemical composition was also examined. Hardness was measured at five points in each cutout, giving 40 measurements per sample. The values were analyzed using an ANOVA test as a statistical background in order to emphasize the divergent behavior of the cored wires. It appeared that, despite having less chromium in its chemical composition, wire DO*351 exhibits higher hardness values; however, DO*332 tends to have a more stable geometry across all of the heat input levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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Review

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26 pages, 3011 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Effects of Shot Peening and Cavitation Peening on Properties of Surface Layer of Metallic Materials—A Short Review

by Aleksander Świetlicki, Mirosław Szala and Mariusz Walczak

Materials 2022, 15(7), 2476; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072476 - 27 Mar 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3917

Abstract

Shot peening is a dynamically developing surface treatment used to improve the surface properties modified by tool, impact, microblasting, or shot action. This paper reviews the basic information regarding shot peening methods. The peening processes and effects of the shot peening and cavitation peening treatments on the surface layer properties of metallic components are analysed. Moreover, the effects of peening on the operational performance of metallic materials are summarized. Shot peening is generally applied to reduce the surface roughness, increase the hardness, and densify the surface layer microstructure, which leads to work hardening effects. In addition, the residual compressive stresses introduced into the material have a beneficial effect on the performance of the surface layer. Therefore, peening can be beneficial for metallic structures prone to fatigue, corrosion, and wear. Recently, cavitation peening has been increasingly developed. This review paper suggests that most research on cavitation peening omits the treatment of additively manufactured metallic materials. Furthermore, no published studies combine shot peening and cavitation peening in one hybrid process, which could synthesize the benefits of both peening processes. Moreover, there is a need to investigate the effects of peening, especially cavitation peening and hybrid peening, on the anti-wear and corrosion performance of additively manufactured metallic materials. Therefore, the literature gap leading to the scope of future work is also included. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic and Ceramic Materials Integrity – Surface Engineering for Wear, Corrosion and Erosion Prevention)

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