Editorial

4 pages, 198 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue “Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures”

by Grzegorz Lesiuk and Dariusz Rozumek

Materials 2023, 16(11), 4171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114171 - 03 Jun 2023

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One of the most important aspects of engineering assessment of the technical condition of structures and materials is the ability to assess the fatigue behavior of materials and structures [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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15 pages, 9938 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Phase Field Approach to Two-Dimensional Quasicrystals with Mixed Mode Cracks

by Tong Li, Zhenting Yang, Chenghui Xu, Xinsheng Xu and Zhenhuan Zhou

Materials 2023, 16(10), 3628; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103628 - 09 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1095

Abstract

Quasicrystals (QCs) are representatives of a novel kind of material exhibiting a large number of remarkable specific properties. However, QCs are usually brittle, and crack propagation inevitably occurs in such materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the crack growth behaviors [...] Read more.

Quasicrystals (QCs) are representatives of a novel kind of material exhibiting a large number of remarkable specific properties. However, QCs are usually brittle, and crack propagation inevitably occurs in such materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the crack growth behaviors in QCs. In this work, the crack propagation of two-dimensional (2D) decagonal QCs is investigated by a fracture phase field method. In this method, a phase field variable is introduced to evaluate the damage of QCs near the crack. Thus, the crack topology is described by the phase field variable and its gradient. In this manner, it is unnecessary to track the crack tip, and therefore remeshing is avoided during the crack propagation. In the numerical examples, the crack propagation paths of 2D QCs are simulated by the proposed method, and the effects of the phason field on the crack growth behaviors of QCs are studied in detail. Furthermore, the interaction of the double cracks in QCs is also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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17 pages, 5336 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Material’s Strength Analysis of the Coupling Node of Axle of the Truck Trailer

by Živilė Decker, Jurijus Tretjakovas, Kazimierz Drozd, Vitalijus Rudzinskas, Mariusz Walczak, Artūras Kilikevičius, Jonas Matijosius and Iryna Boretska

Materials 2023, 16(9), 3399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093399 - 26 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1145

Abstract

Road transport plays an important role in the transport of goods and people and is important for the national economy. Damage usually excludes the means of transport from operation, which causes disruption of supply chains. One such damage is the failure of the [...] Read more.

Road transport plays an important role in the transport of goods and people and is important for the national economy. Damage usually excludes the means of transport from operation, which causes disruption of supply chains. One such damage is the failure of the suspension system of the vehicle or trailer, which usually occurs when the vehicle is heavily loaded. Such a defective system has been analyzed in this publication. Mathematical apparatus and finite element method (FEM) numerical simulations were used. A dangerous axle cross-section in terms of load was indicated and the maximum stresses in this area were calculated for two types of roads. On highways, the stress at the critical point was 199 MPa, and on uneven roads it increased to 304 MPa, which is comparable to the yield point. It was found that the second form of vibration may cause stresses in the damage area, but the excitation frequency would have to be quite high. The probability of such a load and failure event occurring is low under operating conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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15 pages, 9178 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of the Aluminium Alloy 5083-H111

by Branko Nečemer, Franc Zupanič, Tomaž Vuherer and Srečko Glodež

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072674 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1405

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation of the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) behaviour of the ductile aluminium alloy AA 5083-H111. The analysed specimens were fabricated in the rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD). The HCF tests were performed in a load control [...] Read more.

This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation of the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) behaviour of the ductile aluminium alloy AA 5083-H111. The analysed specimens were fabricated in the rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD). The HCF tests were performed in a load control (load ratio R = 0.1) at different loading levels under the loading frequency of 66 Hz up to the final failure of the specimen. The experimental results have shown that the S–N curves of the analysed Al-alloy consist of two linear curves with different slopes. Furthermore, RD-specimens demonstrated longer fatigue life if compared to TD-specimens. This difference was about 25% at the amplitude stress 65 MPa, where the average fatigue lives 276,551 cycles for RD-specimens, and 206,727 cycles for TD-specimens were obtained. Similar behaviour was also found for the lower amplitude stresses and fatigue lives between 10⁶ and 10⁸ cycles. The difference can be caused by large Al₆(Mn,Fe) particles which are elongated in the rolling direction and cause higher stress concentrations in the case of TD-specimens. The micrography of the fractured surfaces has shown that the fracture characteristics were typical for the ductile materials and were similar for both specimen orientations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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19 pages, 5428 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accumulation of Plastic Strain at Notch Root of Steel Specimens Undergoing Asymmetric Fatigue Cycles: Analysis and Simulation

by Faezeh Hatami and Ahmad Varvani-Farahani

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062153 - 07 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1033

Abstract

The present study evaluates the ratcheting response at notch roots of 1045 steel specimens experiencing uniaxial asymmetric fatigue cycles. Local stress and strain components at the notch root were analytically evaluated through the use of Neuber, Glinka, and Hoffman-Seeger (H-S) rules coupled with [...] Read more.

The present study evaluates the ratcheting response at notch roots of 1045 steel specimens experiencing uniaxial asymmetric fatigue cycles. Local stress and strain components at the notch root were analytically evaluated through the use of Neuber, Glinka, and Hoffman-Seeger (H-S) rules coupled with the Ahmadzadeh-Varvani (A-V) kinematic hardening model. Backstress promotion through coupled kinematic hardening model with the Hoffman-Seeger, Neuber, and Glinka rules was studied. Relaxation in local stresses on the notched samples as hysteresis loops moved forward with plastic strain accumulation during asymmetric loading cycles was observed. Local ratcheting results were simulated through FE analysis, where the Chaboche model was employed as the materials hardening rule. A consistent response of the ratcheting values was evidenced as predicted, and simulated results were compared with the measured ratcheting data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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18 pages, 7725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

General Reference and Design S–N Curves Obtained for 1.2709 Tool Steel

by Michał Böhm, Adam Niesłony, Szymon Derda, Robert Owsiński, Miloslav Kepka, Jr., Ivana Zetkova, Miroslav Zetek, Šárka Houdková and Mariusz Prażmowski

Materials 2023, 16(5), 1823; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051823 - 23 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1386

Abstract

At present, due to advanced fatigue calculation models, it is becoming more crucial to find a reliable source for design S–N curves, especially in the case of new 3D-printed materials. Such obtained steel components are becoming very popular and are often used for [...] Read more.

At present, due to advanced fatigue calculation models, it is becoming more crucial to find a reliable source for design S–N curves, especially in the case of new 3D-printed materials. Such obtained steel components are becoming very popular and are often used for important parts of dynamically loaded structures. One of the commonly used printing steels is EN 1.2709 tool steel, which has good strength properties and high abrasion resistance, and can be hardened. The research shows, however, that its fatigue strength may differ depending on the printing method, and may be characterized by a wide scatter of the fatigue life. This paper presents selected S–N curves for EN 1.2709 steel after printing with the selective laser melting method. The characteristics are compared, and conclusions are presented regarding the resistance of this material to fatigue loading, especially in the tension–compression state. A combined general mean reference and design fatigue curve is presented, which incorporates our own experimental results as well as those from the literature for the tension–compression loading state. The design curve may be implemented in the finite element method by engineers and scientists in order to calculate the fatigue life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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12 pages, 2841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Fatigue Crack Initiation of 7075 Aluminum Alloy by Crystal Plasticity Simulation

by Takayuki Shiraiwa, Fabien Briffod and Manabu Enoki

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1595; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041595 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1715

Abstract

The 7075 aluminum alloy is a promising material for the aerospace industry due to its combination of light weight and high strength. This study proposed a method for predicting fatigue crack initiation of the 7075 aluminum alloy by crystal plasticity finite element analysis [...] Read more.

The 7075 aluminum alloy is a promising material for the aerospace industry due to its combination of light weight and high strength. This study proposed a method for predicting fatigue crack initiation of the 7075 aluminum alloy by crystal plasticity finite element analysis considering microstructures. In order to accurately predict the total fatigue life, it is necessary to calculate the number of cycles for fatigue crack initiation, small crack growth, and long crack growth. The long crack growth life can be estimated by the Paris law, but fatigue crack initiation and small crack growth are sensitive to the microstructures and have been difficult to predict. In this work, the microstructure of 7075 aluminum alloy was reconstructed based on experimental observations in the literature and crystal plasticity simulations were performed to calculate the elasto-plastic deformation behavior in the reconstructed polycrystalline model under cyclic deformation. The calculated local plastic strain was introduced into the crack initiation criterion (Tanaka and Mura, 1981) to predict fatigue crack initiation life. The predicted crack initiation life and crack morphology were in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the proposed method is effective in predicting fatigue crack initiation in aluminum alloys. From the obtained results, future issues regarding the prediction of fatigue crack initiation were discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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18 pages, 15398 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Vehicle Chassis Axle Fractures

by Živilė Decker, Vitalijus Rudzinskas, Kazimierz Drozd, Jacek Caban, Jurijus Tretjakovas, Aleksander Nieoczym and Jonas Matijošius

Materials 2023, 16(2), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020806 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1653

Abstract

With the rapid development of the road transport industry, trucks with semi-trailers have become the main means of transporting goods by road. High quality, durability and reliability of the construction are the main requirements for the production of trailers. Trailer and semi-trailer axles [...] Read more.

With the rapid development of the road transport industry, trucks with semi-trailers have become the main means of transporting goods by road. High quality, durability and reliability of the construction are the main requirements for the production of trailers. Trailer and semi-trailer axles are one of the main and most important components of a truck. Due to the fact that semi-trailer axles are subjected to additional static and dynamic loads during operation, their proper construction is extremely important, therefore they should be carefully designed and tested. The durability of the suspension components refers to the duration of the onset of fatigue. This article presents an analysis of damage to the rear axle of the semi-trailer using macroscopic observations of the damage site and dynamic FEA of stress distribution in the axle material. In order to identify the probable cause of the damage, eight cases of loading the semi-trailer axle were considered. Analytical solutions have shown that in various cases the yield point is exceeded and the strength limit of the modeled semi-trailer axle is reached. The risk of damage to the vehicle’s suspension system components increases on poor roads (bumps and winding road sections). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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16 pages, 4611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Empirical Solution of Stress Intensity Factors for the Inclined Inner Surface Crack of Pipe under External Pressure and Axial Compression

by Xi-Ming Yao, Yu-Chen Zhang, Qi Pei, Li-Zhu Jin, Tian-Hao Ma, Xiao-Hua He and Chang-Yu Zhou

Materials 2023, 16(1), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010364 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1960

Abstract

Based on fracture mechanics theory, a finite element method was used to determine the stress intensity factors of the inclined crack on the inner surface of the pipe under axial compression load and external pressure. The effects of different influencing factors on the [...] Read more.

Based on fracture mechanics theory, a finite element method was used to determine the stress intensity factors of the inclined crack on the inner surface of the pipe under axial compression load and external pressure. The effects of different influencing factors on the stress intensity factor along the crack front considering crack closure were systematically explored, which were different to those under internal pressure. The effects of high aspect ratio on K_II, the crack inclination asymmetry caused by curvature and the effects of the friction coefficient on the stress intensity factors of the pipe with an inclined inner surface crack under axial compression load and external pressure were explored in this paper. To be fit for defect assessment, the solutions for stress intensity factors K_II and K_III were derived, and new correction factors f_θ and f_μ were proposed in the empirical solutions to accommodate the crack inclination asymmetry and the friction coefficient, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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19 pages, 6350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low Cycle Fatigue of G20Mn5 Cast Steel Relation between Microstructure and Fatigue Life

by Antonin Bermond, Claire Roume, Jacques Stolarz, Matthieu Lenci, Jean-François Carton and Helmut Klocker

Materials 2022, 15(20), 7072; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207072 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1253

Abstract

Cast steel is commonly used to produce structural and safety parts. Foundry processes allow producing parts from scrap steel directly to the required dimensions without any forming operation. Cast components may, however, exhibit macro- and micro-shrinkage porosities. The combined effect of macro- and [...] Read more.

Cast steel is commonly used to produce structural and safety parts. Foundry processes allow producing parts from scrap steel directly to the required dimensions without any forming operation. Cast components may, however, exhibit macro- and micro-shrinkage porosities. The combined effect of macro- and micro-shrinkages on the fatigue behavior of cast steel has been characterized in the literature. Macro-shrinkages may nowadays be eliminated by adequate positioning of risers. However, micro-shrinkages will always be present in cast steel components. Present work addresses the influence of micro-shrinkage porosity on a G20Mn5 cast steel. G20Mn5 (normalized) ingots have been cast under industrial conditions, but ensuring the absence of macro-porosities. Solidification leads to two very different microstructures prior to the normalization treatment: columnar dendrites beneath the surface (Skin) and equiaxed microstructures close to the center (Core). First, metallographic observations of the whole ingot revealed the same grain size in both areas. Fatigue samples were extracted, by differentiating two sampling volumes corresponding to columnar (S) and equiaxed solidification (C), respectively. The distribution of micro-porosities was determined on all samples by Micro-CT-scans. Core samples exhibit micro-porosities with volumes 1.7 larger than Skin samples. Low cycle fatigue tests (3 levels of fixed plastic strain) were run on both sample series (C, S). Results follow a Manson–Coffin law. Core specimens exhibit lower fatigue life than Skin specimens. The differences in fatigue life have been related successfully to the differences in micro-porosities sizes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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16 pages, 6574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constitutive Law Identification and Fatigue Characterization of Rigid PUR Elastomers 80 ShA and 90 ShA

by Krzysztof Junik, Grzegorz Lesiuk, Szymon Duda, Krzysztof Jamroziak, Wojciech Błażejewski, Paweł Zielonka, Tomasz Socha, Arkadiusz Denisiewicz, Krzysztof Kula and Anna Szczurek

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6745; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196745 - 28 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1318

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study of polyurethane rigid (PUR) elastomers in terms of the constitutive law identification, and analyses the effect of polyurethane elastomers’ hardness on fatigue properties. The research objects were PUR materials based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with [...] Read more.

This paper presents the results of a study of polyurethane rigid (PUR) elastomers in terms of the constitutive law identification, and analyses the effect of polyurethane elastomers’ hardness on fatigue properties. The research objects were PUR materials based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with the hardness of 80 ShA and 90 ShA, typically used in various industrial applications. Based on the performed experimental campaign under static and cyclic loading, the constitutive model proposed by Ogden is most appropriate. In addition, a hybrid numerical–experimental analysis (using FEM-DIC) of diabolo specimens’ behaviour is carried out in fatigue tests. Based on the performed fatigue test, it is worth noting that the energy approach describes the fatigue process synonymously compared to the displacement or strain approach. Finally, simple fatigue characteristics were analyzed and statistically validated for both PUR material configurations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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12 pages, 637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Assessment of Damage Parameters for a Hard Interface Model

by Maria Letizia Raffa, Raffaella Rizzoni and Frédéric Lebon

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155370 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 929

Abstract

Adhesive interfaces are suitable modelling tools to describe very thin elastic layers and the related occurring phenomena (such as damage, viscosity, friction, etc.), without using a volumetric description, which is often computationally prohibitive in a large-scale numerical simulation. A major drawback of these [...] Read more.

Adhesive interfaces are suitable modelling tools to describe very thin elastic layers and the related occurring phenomena (such as damage, viscosity, friction, etc.), without using a volumetric description, which is often computationally prohibitive in a large-scale numerical simulation. A major drawback of these kinds of models is the identification of free parameters, because of the smallness of a direct observation scale. This paper proposes a numerical assessment of two model parameters, a damage energy threshold and a damage viscosity, of a hard interface model previously formulated by authors. The proposed assessment protocol uses macroscopic experimental data, available in the literature, on structural adhesives under standard characterization tests. The numerical results obtained give insights into the physical interpretation of these parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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12 pages, 3449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strain-Controlled Fatigue Behavior and Microevolution of 316L Stainless Steel under Cyclic Shear Path

by Xinna Liu, Shuai Zhang, Yanmei Bao, Zhongran Zhang and Zhenming Yue

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5362; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155362 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1146

Abstract

Based on the twin bridge shear specimen, the cyclic shear experiments were performed on 1.2 mm thin plates of 316L metastable austenitic stainless steel with different strain amplitudes from 1 to 5% at ambient temperature. The fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel under [...] Read more.

Based on the twin bridge shear specimen, the cyclic shear experiments were performed on 1.2 mm thin plates of 316L metastable austenitic stainless steel with different strain amplitudes from 1 to 5% at ambient temperature. The fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel under the cyclic shear path was studied, and the microscopic evolution of the material was analyzed. The results show that the cyclic stress response of 316L stainless steel exhibited cyclic hardening, saturation and cyclic softening, and the fatigue life is negatively correlated with the strain amplitude. The microstructure was analyzed by using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). It was found that grain refinement and martensitic transformation during the deformation process led to rapid crack expansion and reduced the fatigue life of 316L. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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19 pages, 6370 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deformation and Strength Parameters of a Composite Structure with a Thin Multilayer Ribbon-like Inclusion

by Volodymyr Hutsaylyuk, Yosyf Piskozub, Liubov Piskozub and Heorhiy Sulym

Materials 2022, 15(4), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041435 - 15 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1157

Abstract

Within the framework of the concept of deformable solid mechanics, an analytical-numerical method to the problem of determining the mechanical fields in the composite structures with interphase ribbon-like deformable multilayered inhomogeneities under combined force and dislocation loading has been proposed. Based on the [...] Read more.

Within the framework of the concept of deformable solid mechanics, an analytical-numerical method to the problem of determining the mechanical fields in the composite structures with interphase ribbon-like deformable multilayered inhomogeneities under combined force and dislocation loading has been proposed. Based on the general relations of linear elasticity theory, a mathematical model of thin multilayered inclusion of finite width is constructed. The possibility of nonperfect contact along a part of the interface between the inclusion and the matrix, and between the layers of inclusion where surface energy or sliding with dry friction occurs, is envisaged. Based on the application of the theory of functions of a complex variable and the jump function method, the stress-strain field in the vicinity of the inclusion during its interaction with the concentrated forces and screw dislocations was calculated. The values of generalized stress intensity factors for the asymptotics of stress-strain fields in the vicinity of the ends of thin inhomogeneities are calculated, using which the stress concentration and local strength of the structure can be calculated. Several effects have been identified which can be used in designing the structure of layers and operation modes of such composites. The proposed method has shown its effectiveness for solving a whole class of problems of deformation and fracture of bodies with thin deformable inclusions of finite length and can be used for mathematical modeling of the mechanical effects of thin FGM heterogeneities in composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Damage of Materials and Structures)

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