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Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)
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Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2024) | Viewed by 11288

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Longbiao Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No.29, Jiangjun Ave., Nanjing 211106, China
Interests: vibration; fatigue; damage; fracture; reliability; durability of aircraft and aeroengine
Prof. Dr. Zhaoke Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
Interests: structure design/control; performance evaluation of C/C and SiC/SiC composites

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic-Matrix Composites”, will address advances in material processing, material modelling and characterization, performance evaluation, and testing of ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs) for high-temperature applications. Compared with superalloy, the density of fiber-reinforced CMCs is only approximately one-third that of the superalloy, and the operating temperature can reach approximately 1350 oC for long-term use. Therefore, CMCs are considered the lightweight high-temperature material with the most potential for hot-section components in gas turbine engines. To improve the reliability and safety of CMC components during operation, it is necessary to perform investigations on damage and failure mechanisms analysis, and develop models to predict the damage, fracture and lifetime.

The aim is to address recent and up-to-date developmental activities concerning the application and the use of CMCs in aerospace and in gas turbine engine components. Operational issues that impact the performance, durability, and service life of the CMC, such as environmental effects, fatigue, cracking and other challenges, are welcomed for submission. CMCs modeling and simulation capabilities that capture all stages of damage and fracture evolution from initiation to progression to final failure are also welcomed. These tools are instrumental in reducing development and qualification costs of CMCs, especially under cyclic fatigue loading.  Also, damage monitoring methods and tools, such as acoustic emission (AE), electrical resistance (ER), digital image correlation (DIC), and X-ray computed tomography (XCT), capable of in situ detecting internal damage evolution in CMCs under mechanical and cyclic fatigue loading and used for lifetime prediction are also highly desirable.

Articles and reviews dealing with CMCs for damage monitoring, damage mechanisms, damage models, failure and facture criterion, fatigue damage accumulation, and fatigue lifetime prediction are sought. This Special Issue also welcomes studies on damage, fracture and fatigue of different types of CMCs, such as, C/SiC, SiC/SiC, self-healing SiC/SiC, oxide/oxide CMCs with different processing methods and fiber preforms.

Dr. Longbiao Li
Prof. Dr. Zhaoke Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs)
  • damage
  • fracture
  • fatigue
  • strength
  • lifetime
  • acoustic emission
  • electrical resistance
  • digital image correlation
  • x-ray computed tomography
  • matrix cracking
  • interface debonding
  • interface oxidation
  • fiber fragmentation
  • material simulation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 16569 KiB  
Article
Origin and Evolution of Cracks in the Glaze Surface of a Ceramic during the Cooling Process
by Tiantian Chen, Bin Gong and Chun’an Tang
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5508; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165508 - 08 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 908
Abstract
Because of the significant difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of ceramic blank and glaze, the glaze typically undergoes more pronounced shrinkage than the blank during ceramic cooling, which results in high stress concentrations and cracking. In this study, the mechanical mechanism of [...] Read more.
Because of the significant difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of ceramic blank and glaze, the glaze typically undergoes more pronounced shrinkage than the blank during ceramic cooling, which results in high stress concentrations and cracking. In this study, the mechanical mechanism of glaze cracking is studied, based on the statistical strength theory, damage mechanics, and continuum mechanics. Furthermore, the influence of the glaze layer thickness, heat transfer coefficient, expansion coefficient, and temperature difference on the creation and propagation of inner microcracks is systematically investigated, and the final discrete fracture network of ceramics is discussed at the specific crack saturation state. The results show that (1) a higher heat transfer coefficient will lead to a more uniform distribution of the surface temperature and a faster cooling process of the ceramics, reducing the number of microcracks when the ambient temperature is reached; (2) the thinner glaze layer is less prone to cracking when its thickness is smaller than that of the blank. However, when the thickness of the glaze layer is similar to that of the blank, the increased thickness of the glaze layer will increase the number of cracks on its surface; and (3) when the expansion coefficient of the glaze layer is smaller than that of the blank, cracks will not occur inside the glaze layer. However, as the coefficient of the thermal expansion of the glaze layer continuously rises, the number of cracks on its surface will first increase and then decrease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs))
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15 pages, 8430 KiB  
Article
Significant Improvement of Mechanical Properties of SiC-Nanowire-Reinforced SiCf/SiC Composites via Atomic Deposition of Ni Catalysts
by Zongxu Wu, Haoran Wang, Zhaoke Chen, Ruiqian Zhang, Qingbo Wen, Zongbei He, Ming Li and Xiang Xiong
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2900; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082900 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1573
Abstract
This study aimed to study the effects of different catalyst introduction methods on the distribution of SiC nanowires (SiCNWs) and the mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC composites. Two different catalyst-introduction methods (electroplating (EP) vs. atomic deposition (AD)) have been used to catalyze [...] Read more.
This study aimed to study the effects of different catalyst introduction methods on the distribution of SiC nanowires (SiCNWs) and the mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC composites. Two different catalyst-introduction methods (electroplating (EP) vs. atomic deposition (AD)) have been used to catalyze the growth of SiC nanowires in SiCf preforms. The morphology, structure and phase composition were systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SiCNWs-reinforced SiCf/SiC composited was densified by CVI. The compressive strength of the SiCNWs-reinforced SiCf/SiC composites was evaluated by radial crushing test. Compared with EP, atomic Ni catalysts fabricated by AD have higher diffusivity for better diffusion into the SiCf preform. The yield of SiCNWs is effectively increased in the internal pores of the SiCf preform, and a denser network forms. Therefore, the mechanical properties of SiCNW-containing SiCf/SiC composites are significantly improved. Compared with the EP-composites and SiCf/SiC composites, the compressive strength of AD-composites is increased by 51.1% and 56.0%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the use of AD method to grow SiCNWs is promising for enhancing the mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs))
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13 pages, 58178 KiB  
Article
Design, Fabrication, and Mechanical Properties of T-700TM Multiaxial-Warp-Knitting–Needled–C/SiC Composite and Pin
by Xiao Luo, Jiangyi He, Xiaochong Liu, Youliang Xu, Jian Li, Xiaojun Guo, Qianru Wang and Longbiao Li
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062338 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1943
Abstract
In this paper, the 12k T-700TM Multiaxial-Warp-Knitting–Needle (MWK–N) C/SiC composite and pin were designed and fabricated using the isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI) method. The composite’s microstructure and mechanical properties were examined by subjection to tensile and interlaminar shear tests. Three types [...] Read more.
In this paper, the 12k T-700TM Multiaxial-Warp-Knitting–Needle (MWK–N) C/SiC composite and pin were designed and fabricated using the isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI) method. The composite’s microstructure and mechanical properties were examined by subjection to tensile and interlaminar shear tests. Three types of double-shear tests were conducted for C/SiC pins, including shear loading perpendicularly, along, and at 45° off-axial to the lamination. The fracture surface of the tensile and shear failure specimens was observed under scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The relationships between the composite’s microstructure, mechanical properties, and damage mechanisms were established. The composite’s average tensile strength was σuts = 68.3 MPa and the average interlaminar shear strength was τu = 38.7 MPa. For MWK–N–C/SiC pins, the double-shear strength was τu = 76.5 MPa, 99.7 MPa, and 79.6 MPa for test types I, II, and III, respectively. Compared with MWK–C/SiC pins, the double-shear strength of MWK–N–C/SiC pins all decreased, i.e., 26.7%, 50.8%, and 8% for test types I, II, and III, respectively. The MWK–N–C/SiC composite and pins possessed high interlaminar shear strength and double-shear strength, due to the needled fiber in the thickness direction, low porosity (10–15%), and high composite density (2.0 g/cm3). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs))
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13 pages, 11530 KiB  
Article
Cyclic Thermal Shock Damage Behavior in CVI SiC/SiC High-Pressure Turbine Twin Guide Vanes
by Xiaochong Liu, Xiaojun Guo, Youliang Xu, Longbiao Li, Wang Zhu, Yuqi Zeng, Jian Li, Xiao Luo and Xiaoan Hu
Materials 2021, 14(20), 6104; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206104 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1719
Abstract
In this paper, the SiC/SiC high-pressure turbine twin guide vanes were fabricated using the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method. Cyclic thermal shock tests at different target temperatures (i.e., 1400, 1450, and 1480 °C) in a gas environment were conducted to investigate the damage [...] Read more.
In this paper, the SiC/SiC high-pressure turbine twin guide vanes were fabricated using the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method. Cyclic thermal shock tests at different target temperatures (i.e., 1400, 1450, and 1480 °C) in a gas environment were conducted to investigate the damage mechanisms and failure modes. During the thermal shock test, large spalling areas appeared on the leading edge and back region. After 400 thermal shock cycles, the spalling area of the coating at the basin and back region of the guide vane was more than 30%, and the whole guide vane turned gray, due to the formation of SiO2. When the thermal shock temperature increased from 1400 to 1450 and 1480 °C, the spalling area of the basin and the back region of the guide vane did not increase significantly, but the delamination occurred at the tenon, upper surface of the guide vane near the trailing edge of the guide vane. Through the X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) analysis for the guide vanes before and after thermal shock, there was no obvious damage inside of guide vanes. The oxidation of SiC coating and the formation of SiO2 protects the internal fibers from oxidation and damage. Further investigation on the effect of thermal shock on the mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composites should be conducted in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs))
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19 pages, 3352 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Scale Submodel Method for Fatigue Analysis of Braided Composite Structures
by Jincheng Zheng, Peiwei Zhang, Dahai Zhang and Dong Jiang
Materials 2021, 14(15), 4190; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154190 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1754
Abstract
A multi-scale fatigue analysis method for braided ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) based on sub-models is developed in this paper. The finite element shape function is used as the interpolation function for transferring the displacement information between the macro-scale and meso-scale models. The fatigue [...] Read more.
A multi-scale fatigue analysis method for braided ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) based on sub-models is developed in this paper. The finite element shape function is used as the interpolation function for transferring the displacement information between the macro-scale and meso-scale models. The fatigue failure criterion based on the shear lag theory is used to implement the coupling calculation of the meso-scale and micro-scale. Combining the meso-scale cell model and the fatigue failure criterion based on the shear lag theory, the fatigue life of 2D SiC/SiC is analyzed. The analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which proves the accuracy of the meso-scale cell model and the fatigue life calculation method. A multi-scale sub-model fatigue analysis method is used to study the fatigue damage of 2D SiC/SiC stiffened plates under random tension–tension loads. The influence of the sub-models at different positions in the macro-model element on the analysis results was analyzed. The results shows that the fatigue analysis method proposed in this paper takes into account the damage condition of the meso-structured of composite material, and at the same time has high calculation efficiency, and has low requirements for modeling of the macro finite element model, which can be better applied to the fatigue analysis of CMCs structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs))
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13 pages, 4122 KiB  
Article
Damage Evolution and Fracture Behavior of C/SiC Minicomposites with Different Interphases under Uniaxial Tensile Load
by Zhongwei Zhang, Longbiao Li and Zhaoke Chen
Materials 2021, 14(6), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061525 - 20 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
In this paper, the tensile damage and fracture behavior of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) minicomposites with single- and multiple-layer interphases are investigated. The effect of the interphase on the tensile damage and fracture behavior of C/SiC minicomposites is analyzed. The evolution [...] Read more.
In this paper, the tensile damage and fracture behavior of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) minicomposites with single- and multiple-layer interphases are investigated. The effect of the interphase on the tensile damage and fracture behavior of C/SiC minicomposites is analyzed. The evolution of matrix cracking under the tensile load of the C/SiC minicomposite with a notch is observed using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The damage evolution process of the C/SiC minicomposite can be divided into four main stages, namely, (1) an elastic response coupled with partial re-opening of thermal microcracking; (2) multiple matrix microcracking perpendicular to the applied loading; (3) crack opening and related fiber/matrix, bundle/matrix, and inter-bundle debonding; and (4) progressive transfer of the load to the fibers and gradual fiber failure until composite failure/fracture. On the fracture surface, a large number of fibers pulling out of the samples with both single-layer and multi-layer interphases can be clearly observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Damage, Fracture and Fatigue of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs))
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