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Quality, Microstructure and Properties of Metal Alloys (Second Volume)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2024 | Viewed by 2488

Special Issue Editor

Department of Material and Machine Technology, The Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Interests: Al alloys; steel; stainless steel; fatigue testing; NDT; modification of metal alloys; mechanical properties; welded joints; corrosion of metal alloys
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern industry uses many different materials. The most popular group of construction materials is metal alloys. The choice of construction material for technical applications depends on its functional properties, which are shaped at the manufacturing stage. In addition to the chemical composition, which mainly determines the properties of the metal alloy, an important role is also played by production processes and heat treatment, among others.

The continuous improvement of metal alloys requires the development of comprehensive knowledge in the field of the microstructure, chemical, physical and mechanical properties of materials. To achieve the best possible effect, the purpose of this Special Issue is to encourage scientists around the world to present their achievements in the broadly understood field of increasing the properties of metal alloys. In this issue, we will present original scientific papers and review papers describing the current directions of research on the broadly understood properties of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Research on cast, plastic or welded materials will also be welcome. This Special Issue also does not limit the type of research on increasing the mechanical properties of metal alloys. Studies will be published on the modification of casting alloys, all properties of metals and metal alloys, the crystallization of metal alloys, fatigue strength, the quality and properties of welded joints, etc.

Potential topics include all aspects of improving the properties of metal alloys, including, but not limited to:

  • Metal alloys;
  • Crystallization;
  • The modification of metal alloys;
  • Tensile strength;
  • Heat treatment;
  • The quality of metal and metal alloys;
  • Welding;
  • Plastic working;
  • Corrosion;
  • Nonmetallic inclusions.

Prof. Dr. Tomasz Lipiński
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal alloys
  • crystallization
  • modification of metal alloys
  • tensile strength
  • heat treatment
  • quality of metal and metal alloys
  • welding
  • plastic working
  • corrosion
  • nonmetallic inclusions

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3476 KiB  
Article
Atomic Diffusivities of Yttrium, Titanium and Oxygen Calculated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics in Molten 316L Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steel Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing
by Zhengming Wang, Seongun Yang, Stephanie B. Lawson, V. Vinay K. Doddapaneni, Marc Albert, Benjamin Sutton, Chih-Hung Chang, Somayeh Pasebani and Donghua Xu
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1543; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071543 (registering DOI) - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 149
Abstract
Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels have long been viewed as a prime solution for harsh environments. However, conventional manufacturing of ODS steels limits the final product geometry, is difficult to scale up to large components, and is expensive due to multiple highly involved, solid-state processing [...] Read more.
Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels have long been viewed as a prime solution for harsh environments. However, conventional manufacturing of ODS steels limits the final product geometry, is difficult to scale up to large components, and is expensive due to multiple highly involved, solid-state processing steps required. Additive manufacturing (AM) can directly incorporate dispersion elements (e.g., Y, Ti and O) during component fabrication, thus bypassing the need for an ODS steel supply chain, the scale-up challenges of powder processing routes, the buoyancy challenges associated with casting ODS steels, and the joining issues for net-shape component fabrication. In the AM process, the diffusion of the dispersion elements in the molten steel plays a key role in the precipitation of the oxide particles, thereby influencing the microstructure, thermal stability and high-temperature mechanical properties of the resulting ODS steels. In this work, the atomic diffusivities of Y, Ti, and O in molten 316L stainless steel (SS) as functions of temperature are determined by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The latest Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) package that incorporates an on-the-fly machine learning force field for accelerated computation is used. At a constant temperature, the time-dependent coordinates of the target atoms in the molten 316L SS were analyzed in the form of mean square displacement in order to obtain diffusivity. The values of the diffusivity at multiple temperatures are then fitted to the Arrhenius form to determine the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor. Given the challenges in experimental measurement of atomic diffusivity at such high temperatures and correspondingly the lack of experimental data, this study provides important physical parameters for future modeling of the oxide precipitation kinetics during AM process. Full article
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17 pages, 7395 KiB  
Article
Influence of Surface Preparation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed Nickel Coatings on Al 7075 Alloy
by Wojciech Żórawski, Anna Góral, Medard Makrenek, Lidia Lityńska-Dobrzyńska and Paweł Czaja
Materials 2023, 16(21), 7002; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16217002 - 01 Nov 2023
Viewed by 609
Abstract
This work presents the effect of surface roughness (Al 7075) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-sprayed nickel coatings. Coating analysis included substrate surfaces and coating geometry, microstructure characterization, microhardness, nanohardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion. The results show that the surface preparation [...] Read more.
This work presents the effect of surface roughness (Al 7075) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-sprayed nickel coatings. Coating analysis included substrate surfaces and coating geometry, microstructure characterization, microhardness, nanohardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion. The results show that the surface preparation had a significant effect on coating adhesion and microstructure. The coating deposited at the highest gas temperature revealed a dense microstructure, showing very good adhesion of the impacting powder particles to the substrate and good bonding between deposited layers. The Ni grains with different shapes (elongated, equiaxed) and sizes of a few dozen to several hundred nanometres were present in the splats. An increase in temperature caused significant growth in coating thickness as a result of the powder grains’ higher velocity. Moreover, higher gas temperature resulted in the enhancement of micro- and nanohardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion. The adhesive bond strength of Ni coatings in the tested temperature ranges from 500 °C to 800 °C increased with the increase in the surface roughness of the substrate. For the Al 7075 coarse grit-blasted (CG) substrate with the highest roughness, the adhesion reached the highest value of 44.6 MPa when the working gas was at a temperature of 800 °C. There were no distinct dependencies of surface roughness and thickness on the mechanical properties of the cold-sprayed nickel coating. Full article
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14 pages, 10278 KiB  
Article
The Characteristic of {101¯2}<101¯1¯> Twin of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al under Planar Wave Detonation
by Tong Wang, Ping Yang, Jin Zhang and Xin-Fu Gu
Materials 2023, 16(20), 6739; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206739 - 18 Oct 2023
Viewed by 666
Abstract
The microstructure evolution of the twin of TB6 (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al) under planar wave detonation was studied. The initial microstructure of the alloy consists of an α and β phase. It is found that twin deformation is operated in only the α phase due to [...] Read more.
The microstructure evolution of the twin of TB6 (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al) under planar wave detonation was studied. The initial microstructure of the alloy consists of an α and β phase. It is found that twin deformation is operated in only the α phase due to the limited slip system in this phase. α grains are mainly rotated from {101¯0} to {0002} during the deformation due to the {101¯2}<101¯1¯> twin. Twin variant selection is found in this study, and the orientation of all {101¯2} twins is oriented at {0002} in different α grains with different deformation degrees. The twin variant selection is well explained based on the strain relaxation along the loading axis and the Schmid factor for twinning shear. Full article
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14 pages, 6088 KiB  
Article
Stainless Steel in Municipal Sewage—How to Recognize Favorable Corrosion Conditions
by Paweł Lochyński, Magdalena Domańska, Robert Dziedzic and Kamila Hamal
Materials 2023, 16(20), 6637; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206637 - 11 Oct 2023
Viewed by 656
Abstract
While chromium–nickel steel is known to be extremely resistant to corrosion, the occurrence of certain factors can unfortunately initiate an uncontrolled corrosion process. This paper presents samples made of 304 stainless steel containing delta ferrite that have been exposed to wastewater for 18 [...] Read more.
While chromium–nickel steel is known to be extremely resistant to corrosion, the occurrence of certain factors can unfortunately initiate an uncontrolled corrosion process. This paper presents samples made of 304 stainless steel containing delta ferrite that have been exposed to wastewater for 18 months. Samples placed above the surface of the wastewater (A-series) were intensively corroded. Samples half-submerged in the wastewater and periodically fully submerged at higher effluent flows through the screenings and grit separator (B-series) only suffered minor mechanical erosion. No significant changes in the tested surface were observed on samples fully submerged in wastewater (C-series). The results indicated that the observed pitting corrosion of samples placed above the surface of the wastewater was a consequence of the presence of bacteria in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment. The fluorescence in situ hybridization method showed that either the sludge taken from the wastewater, or from the surface of samples submerged in wastewater exhibited increased amounts of bacteria from the δ-proteobacteria class, indicating the presence of microorganisms involved in the reduction of sulfur or sulfate compounds. A new approach to microbiological evaluation by determining classes of bacteria may be a promising tool for evaluating wastewater in terms of aggressiveness and recognizing favorable corrosive conditions. Full article
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