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Special Issue "Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures"

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 November 2023 | Viewed by 7841

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dongsheng Wang
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Guest Editor

School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Interests: seismic design and vibration control of bridges and engineering structures

Dr. Ying Ma

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Guest Editor

School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
Interests: seimic resilience; performance-based seismic design and evaluation; probability failure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Hu Cheng

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Guest Editor

School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Interests: seismic resilience; structural dynamics; lifetime reliability

Dr. Baokui Chen
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Guest Editor

School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Interests: bridge seismic; structure seismic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Field investigations after recent large earthquakes confirm that several bridges, highways, railways, and other infrastructures are severely damaged and even collapse during earthquakes. There is no doubt that earthquakes are still a dominant hazard to bridges and related engineering structures. Seismic research on engineering structures has grown from strength theory to a performance-based principle, and then to resilience. Although a great deal of seismic research on bridges and related engineering structures has been performed, such as seismic design, failure mechanism, retrofitted strategy, post-earthquake damage assessment, and vibration control, the corresponding approaches and technologies are updated rapidly to mitigate damages induced by earthquakes.

The aim of this Special Issue is to encourage researchers to publish their original research and review articles in the field of seismic research on bridges and related engineering structures. Suitable topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Seismic design methodologies;
Seismic evaluation and lifetime reliability;
Performance-enhancing strategies;
Quantitative and qualitative models for seismic performance;
Accurate and high-efficiency approaches for seismic assessment;
Application of high-performance materials;
Smart materials and resilient structures;
Seismic isolation and mitigation technologies;
Strong motion observation.

Prof. Dr. Dongsheng Wang
Dr. Ying Ma
Dr. Hu Cheng
Dr. Baokui Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2300 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

bridges and engineering structures
seismic design
seismic evaluation
seismic retrofit
seismic isolation and mitigation
seismic resilience
high-performance materials

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Seismic Performance Assessment of a Moment-Resisting Frame Steel Warehouse Provided with Overhead Crane

Nicolás Lisperguier

Álvaro López

and

Juan C. Vielma

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2815; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072815 - 31 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 679

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of a steel warehouse structured by moment-resistant frames, which utilizes an overhead crane on its interior brackets and as an external load of the weight of the lining panels. The analysis methods used are (i) pushover analysis, which consists of applying an incremental force in the transverse and longitudinal direction to obtain the capacity curve of the structure; (ii) time-history analysis, in which different records of destructive earthquakes that occurred in Chile are used in order to analyze the response of the structure to these loads. The results indicate that the transverse direction is more ductile than the Y direction of the structure within the pushover and time-history methods but not using the N2 method. It is also found that most of the columns are within the life safety and collapse prevention criteria. It is concluded that most of the analyses agree with each other and with what is expected, except for the N2 method, which contradicts the results of the time-history analysis, so the N2 method would not be suitable for this type of structure. In addition, it has been determined that the overhead crane loads do not substantially affect the seismic performance of the warehouse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Performance of Medium-Rise Buildings with Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Designed for High Seismic Hazard

Claudio Alarcón

Álvaro López

and

Juan Carlos Vielma

Materials 2023, 16(5), 1859; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051859 - 24 Feb 2023

Viewed by 785

Abstract

This work has evaluated the collapse fragility of a typical Chilean building for residential use, structured based on shear-resistant RC walls and inverted beams arranged along its entire perimeter, using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) for the evaluation of its structural behavior, using for this the 2018 version of the SeismoStruct software. This method evaluates the global collapse capacity of the building from the graphical representation of its maximum inelastic response, obtained through a non-linear time–history analysis, against the scaled intensity of a set of seismic records obtained in the subduction zone, thus creating the IDA curves of the building. The processing of the seismic records is included within the applied methodology to make them compatible with the elastic spectrum of the Chilean design, achieving an adequate seismic input in the two main structural directions. In addition, an alternative IDA method based on the elongated period is applied to calculate the seismic intensity. The results of the IDA curve obtained with this procedure and the standard IDA analysis are analyzed and compared. The results show that the method relates very well to the structure’s demand and capacity and confirms the non-monotonous behavior exposed by other authors. Regarding the alternative IDA procedure, the results indicate that the method is inadequate, failing to improve the results obtained by the standard method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Uncertainty Quantification in Constitutive Models of Highway Bridge Components: Seismic Bars and Elastomeric Bearings

and

Materials 2023, 16(5), 1792; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051792 - 22 Feb 2023

Viewed by 680

Abstract

Bridges are essential structures in the logistic chain of countries, making it critical to design them to be as resilient as possible. One way to achieve this is through performance-based seismic design (PBSD), which involves using nonlinear Finite Element (FE) models to predict the response and potential damage of different structural components under earthquake excitations. Nonlinear FE models need accurate constitutive models of material and components. Among them, seismic bars and laminated elastomeric bearings play an important role in a bridge’s response to earthquakes; therefore, properly validated and calibrated models should be proposed. Only default parameter values from the early development of the constitutive models widely used by researchers and practitioners for these components tend to be used, and low identifiability of its governing parameters and the high cost of generating reliable experimental data have prevented a thorough probabilistic characterization of their model parameters. To address this issue, this study implements a Bayesian probabilistic framework using Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) for updating the parameters of constitutive models of seismic bars and elastomeric bearings and proposes joint probability density functions (PDF) for the most influential parameters. The framework is based on actual data from comprehensive experimental campaigns. The PDFs are obtained from independent tests conducted on different seismic bars and elastomeric bearings, to then consolidate all the information in a single PDF for each modeling parameter by means of the conflation methodology, where the mean, coefficient of variation, and correlation between calibrated parameters are obtained for each bridge component. Finally, findings show that the incorporation of model parameter uncertainty through a probabilistic framework will allow for a more accurate prediction of the response of bridges under strong earthquakes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Application of the Improved POA-RF Model in Predicting the Strength and Energy Absorption Property of a Novel Aseismic Rubber-Concrete Material

and

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031286 - 02 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 677

Abstract

The application of aseismic materials in foundation engineering structures is an inevitable trend and research hotspot of earthquake resistance, especially in tunnel engineering. In this study, the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) is improved using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method and the Chaotic mapping (CM) method to optimize the random forest (RF) model for predicting the aseismic performance of a novel aseismic rubber-concrete material. Seventy uniaxial compression tests and seventy impact tests were conducted to quantify this aseismic material performance, i.e., strength and energy absorption properties and four other artificial intelligence models were generated to compare the predictive performance with the proposed hybrid RF models. The performance evaluation results showed that the LHSPOA-RF model has the best prediction performance among all the models for predicting the strength and energy absorption property of this novel aseismic concrete material in both the training and testing phases (R²: 0.9800 and 0.9108, VAF: 98.0005% and 91.0880%, RMSE: 0.7057 and 1.9128, MAE: 0.4461 and 0.7364; R²: 0.9857 and 0.9065, VAF: 98.5909% and 91.3652%, RMSE: 0.5781 and 1.8814, MAE: 0.4233 and 0.9913). In addition, the sensitive analysis results indicated that the rubber and cement are the most important parameters for predicting the strength and energy absorption properties, respectively. Accordingly, the improved POA-RF model not only is proven as an effective method to predict the strength and energy absorption properties of aseismic materials, but also this hybrid model provides a new idea for assessing other aseismic performances in the field of tunnel engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigations on Seismic Behavior of Segmental Assembly of Concrete Filled Steel Tube Piers with External Replaceable Energy-Dissipating Links

and

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031122 - 28 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 464

Abstract

In order to reduce the damage sustained by the substructure of bridges during an earthquake, reduce economic loss, avoid casualties, and ensure the quick repair of bridges after an earthquake, this paper, inspired by the good seismic performance of the rhombic opening in the shear wall structure, proposes a precast segmental concrete-filled steel tubular (PSCFST) pier with external replaceable energy-dissipating links (EREDL).Through finite element simulation analysis, it can be found that the energy dissipation capacity of a PSCFST pier with external EREDL is increased by 104% compared with that of a PSCFST pier without EREDL, and the lateral bearing capacity is increased by 76.9%. Through parameter analysis, it can be found that the change of initial prestress has little effect on the energy dissipation capacity of PSCFST piers, and the seismic performance of PSCFST piers can be improved by properly increasing the ultimate tensile strength of the energy dissipator materials. Compared with the energy dissipators made of Q235 steel, the energy dissipation capacity of PSCFST piers made of Q435 steel energy dissipators is increased by about 85.4%; At the same time, the thicker the energy dissipator, the stronger the energy dissipation capacity of the PSCFST pier, and the lateral bearing capacity is further improved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Fragility Assessment of RC Bridges Exposed to Seismic Loads and Corrosion over Time

Daniel Herrera

and

Dante Tolentino

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031100 - 27 Jan 2023

Viewed by 661

Abstract

A methodology to estimate the structural fragility of RC bridges, considering the effects of seismic loadings and corrosion over time, is presented. Two scenarios are considered: (a) The structure is exposed only to seismic loads, (b) Both the effect of corrosion and seismic loads are present in the system. The uncertainties related to material properties, structural geometry, seismic occurrences, corrosion initiation time, cracking and corrosion evolution are considered. Different time stages, such as 0, 50, 75, 100, and 125 years are selected to evaluate the effect of both seismic loads and seismic loads plus corrosion. The calculation of fragility curves implies a structural design, nonlinear modeling of structures with simulated properties, estimation of both corrosion times and seismic occurrences, and evaluation of structural demand over time considering the effect of seismic loads and corrosion. An illustrative example is provided on an RC continuous bridge with AASHTO beams, cap beams and circular columns located in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. A performance level equal to 0.002 is chosen for the design of the structure. Results show that the probability of exceeding the design performance levels for both cases (seismic and seismic plus corrosion) are similar at the stage of time equal to zero (a newly built bridge). However, such probabilities, after 150 years, are equal to 0.61 and 0.85 due to the cumulative damage caused by seismic and seismic plus corrosion, respectively. The estimation of the probability of exceeding a certain performance level, considering the effect of corrosion together with seismic loads, highlights the importance of considering more than one type of solicitation for these kinds of structural systems. Lastly, recommendations about design are given. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Quasistatic Analysis of Precast Segmental Concrete-Filled Steel-Tube Bridge Pier with External Arched Energy Dissipation Device

and

Materials 2023, 16(1), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010340 - 29 Dec 2022

Viewed by 549

Abstract

In order to further promote the application of segment-assembled bridge piers in medium- and high-intensity areas, and to reduce the post-earthquake damage and repair cost of bridge piers, in this paper, a precast segmental concrete-filled steel-tube bridge pier (PSCFSTBP) with an external arched energy dissipation device (AEDD) is proposed. Firstly, the effectiveness of the finite-element analysis software ABAQUS 6.14-4 is proved by the test results of the PSCFSTBP and the corresponding finite-element model analysis results. Secondly, ABAQUS 6.14-4 was used to establish four-segment PSCFSTBP models with four different structural forms (non-energy dissipation device, external arch steel plate, external vertical steel plate, and external AEDD), and the seismic performance of each model was compared and analyzed under reciprocating displacement loading. The results show that compared with the PSCFSTBP with an external AEDD, the lateral bearing capacity of the PSCFSTBP with an external vertical steel plate is increased by about 11.9%, and the initial stiffness is increased by about 2.5%. Compared with the PSCFSTBP with an external arch steel plate, the lateral bearing capacity, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity are increased by 28.8%, 4.6%, and 13 times, respectively. Compared with the PSCFSTBP without an energy dissipation device, its lateral bearing capacity, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity are increased by 39.4%, 10.4%, and 18 times, respectively. The residual displacement of the PSCFSTBP with an external AEDD is kept within 1 mm in the whole displacement loading stage, the offset rate is less than 1%, and the pier damage is controllable, which can realize rapid repair after an earthquake. Finally, the multi-level energy consumption and local replacement of the AEDD are also explored. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Experimental Research on Seismic Behavior of Seismic-Damaged Double-Deck Viaduct Frame Pier Strengthened with CFRP and Enveloped Steel

and

Materials 2022, 15(23), 8668; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238668 - 05 Dec 2022

Viewed by 486

Abstract

This paper investigates the seismic behavior of a seismic-damaged double-deck viaduct frame pier (DVFP) strengthened with CFRP and enveloped steel, four strengthened DVFP specimens with different degrees of initial damage were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. Based on the test results, the hysteretic behavior, the stiffness and strength degradation, crack propagation, and failure mechanism were firstly analyzed. Then, the damage indexes of the tested specimens were calculated with different models to evaluate the seismic strengthening performance. Results of this study show that CFRP and enveloped steel strengthening could effectively improve the strength and ductility of pre-damaged DVFPs. The ultimate load, the failure displacement and the displacement ductility of the moderately damaged specimen after being strengthened were found to increase by 120.74%, 35% and 32.33%, respectively. For the severely damaged specimens with CFRP and enveloped steel strengthening, the figures were 105.36%, 25.98% and 31.41%, respectively. The research results can provide reference for the hybrid strengthening application of seismic-damaged DVFP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Probability Distribution Characteristics of Horizontal and Vertical Mechanical Properties of Rubber Bearings

and

Materials 2022, 15(22), 8031; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228031 - 14 Nov 2022

Viewed by 626

Abstract

Rubber bearings are widely used to protect civil structures from destructive earthquakes. The mechanical properties of the bearings are the key technical parameters that determine the seismic isolation performance of isolated structures. To estimate the probability distribution of the mechanical properties related to rubber bearings (including horizontal stiffness, vertical stiffness, post-yield stiffness and yield force) under seismic events. Typical natural rubber bearings (NRBs) and lead-core rubber bearings (LRBs) were designed and fabricated, and the bearings were subjected to repeated load tests using a compression-shear testing machine. The test results of the horizontal and vertical mechanical properties of the bearings in the tests were basically consistent with the design values, and the rubber bearings showed stable mechanical behavior under repeated cyclic loading. The statistical analysis of the test results revealed that the relevant mechanical properties of the NRB and LRB specimens followed a lognormal or general extreme distribution with coefficients of variation mainly ranging from 0.86% to 5.6%. The dispersion of the yield force of LRB was the largest in the repeated tests of many mechanical parameters of typical rubber bearings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Segmental CFST Piers with External Energy Dissipators under Lateral Cyclic Loadings

and

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6993; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196993 - 09 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 661

Abstract

In order to improve the construction efficiency of piers and reduce the local damage of piers, concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) are used to precast pier segments. Aiming at the problems of the poor integrity and insufficient energy dissipation capacity of dry joint segmental assembled piers, segmental assembled concrete-filled steel tubular piers with external replaceable energy dissipators are being developed. Based on the low cyclic test of a segmental assembled CFST pier, the finite element numerical simulation model of a CFST pier is established based on ABAQUS software, and the validity of the numerical model is verified by the experimental results. The effects of the section ratio, axial compression ratio, and initial prestress on the seismic performance of piers are studied through a pseudostatic analysis. The results show that an increase in the section ratio can improve the lateral bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the pier. When the section ratio is increased to 4%, the energy dissipation capacity of a CFST pier is increased by 77.8% and the lateral bearing capacity is increased by 33.9% compared with a section ratio of 2%, but the residual displacement of the pier top also increases. With an increase in the axial compression ratio, the energy dissipation capacity of the pier is significantly improved; when the axial compression ratio is increased to 0.30, the energy dissipation capacity of CFST piers is increased by 27.5% compared with a section ratio of 0.05, the residual displacement of the pier top is reduced, and the self-resetting effect of the pier is improved. A change in the initial prestress has no effect on the energy dissipation capacity of piers. Finally, based on an analysis of mechanical theory, a formula of bending capacity suitable for this type of pier is proposed, and the error is within 10%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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Review

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Research on the Application of BRBs in Seismic Resistance of Bridge

and

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2549; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072549 - 23 Mar 2023

Viewed by 509

Abstract

The beneficial effects of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) in bridge engineering have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic working mechanism of traditional BRBs, and the new forms and new materials of BRBs are also being studied. Secondly, the responses and performances of BRBs applied to (piers) girder bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and arch bridges are systematically studied. Besides, studies on the connection nodes between BRBs and structures have been paid more and more attention. By comparing and analyzing the damping effect of BRBs alone and that of BRBs with other seismic isolation devices on a bridge, it is determined that a reasonable BRB layout can effectively improve the seismic performance of the bridge with better energy dissipation capacity and load-carrying capacity than other components, but they are less used in practice and do not have mature specifications to be applied on different bridges. Finally, the following trends in BRB development in bridge research are discussed: the diversity of BRB forms, applications of BRB, node connection security, and combined damping measures. These areas should be explored through in-depth theoretical and experimental research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Research on Bridges and Engineering Structures)

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