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Sustainable Materials from Industrial Waste

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2024 | Viewed by 5125

Special Issue Editors

MEDES Group, Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, IETcc-CSIC, C/ Serrano Galvache 4, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Interests: solid waste characterization; concentrated solar radiation; recycling; effluents depuration; adsorption process; chemical analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
MEDES Group, Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, IETcc-CSIC, C/ Serrano Galvache 4, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Interests: glasses; ceramics; waste valorization; microstructure; mullite; porcelain stoneware; glazes; concentrated solar radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
MEDES Group, Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, IETcc-CSIC, C/ Serrano Galvache 4, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Interests: waste valorization; concentrated solar radiation; zeolites; inorganic synthesis processes; environmental engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As you know, the UN Sustainable Development Goals are a call to action by all countries to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. The economic and social progress of the last century has unfortunately been accompanied by environmental degradation that threatens the actual systems on which our future growth is built. In this contest, the SDG 12 “Responsible consumption and production” commits, among other things, to achieve by 2030 a substantial reduction in waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse. In the achievement of this objective, the scientific community can play a key role by generating knowledge and developing technologies that allow the transformation of industrial waste into secondary raw materials for the manufacture of sustainable materials. This is the aim of this Special Issue, in which works related to the synthesis of materials from industrial wastes are welcome.

We would to finish with the words of the UN Secretary-General António Guterres “We need to turn the recovery into a real opportunity to do things right for the future.” 

Dr. Isabel Padilla
Dr. Maximina Romero
Dr. Aurora López-Delgado
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solid industrial waste
  • synthesis of sustainable materials, ceramics, glasses, zeolites, refractories, composites, construction materials, adsorbents, etc.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7133 KiB  
Article
Development of Eco-Mortars with the Incorporation of Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration Ash
by Inês S. Vilarinho, Gonçalo Guimarães, João A. Labrincha and Maria P. Seabra
Materials 2023, 16(21), 6933; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216933 - 28 Oct 2023
Viewed by 716
Abstract
The cement sector is the second largest contributor to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and several efforts have been made to reduce its environmental impact. One alternative that has gained interest in recent years involves the use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom [...] Read more.
The cement sector is the second largest contributor to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and several efforts have been made to reduce its environmental impact. One alternative that has gained interest in recent years involves the use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) as clinker/cement replacement. This paper studies the application of MSWI BA in three different ways: (i) aggregate (0 to 100 v/v %), (ii) partial binder substitute (0 to 30 v/v %), and (iii) filler (5 v/v %). It stands out for its approach in characterizing seven distinct BA particle sizes and for the development and analysis of eco-cement mortars with only mechanically pre-treated BA. Hardened state properties showed that the use of BA as aggregate leads to deterioration and efflorescence formation on the surface of the mortars, making this application unfeasible. The replacement of 15 v/v % of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) by BA and the use of finer (<63 μm) BA as filler caused a decrease in the compressive strength of the mortar, from 15.8 to 9.3 and 11.0, respectively. However, these materials are suitable for use in walls where the minimum required mechanical resistance is 5 MPa. Furthermore, these mortars demonstrated resilience against freeze–thaw cycles and even exhibited increased compressive strength after 25 cycles. Thus, this work showed that MSWI BA can be used as an OPC substitute (up to 15 v/v %) and as a filler, promoting circular economy principles and reducing CO2 emissions related to the construction industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Materials from Industrial Waste)
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12 pages, 2316 KiB  
Article
Development of Lightweight Mortars Using Sustainable Low-Density Glass Aggregates from Secondary Raw Materials
by Maximina Romero, Isabel Padilla, José Luis García Calvo, Pedro Carballosa, Filipe Pedrosa and Aurora López-Delgado
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186281 - 19 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 552
Abstract
In this study, different lightweight expanded glass aggregates (LEGAs) were produced from glass cullet and various carbonated wastes, through a thermal impact process. The effects of LEGA microstructure and morphology on both the adherence to the cement paste and the mechanical properties of [...] Read more.
In this study, different lightweight expanded glass aggregates (LEGAs) were produced from glass cullet and various carbonated wastes, through a thermal impact process. The effects of LEGA microstructure and morphology on both the adherence to the cement paste and the mechanical properties of mortars after 28 days of curing were studied. The properties of lightweight mortars made of either LEGAs or expanded clay aggregates were compared. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using LEGAs to produce glass lightweight aggregate mortar, with flexural and compressive strength values ranging from 5.5 to 8.2 MPa and from 28.1 to 47.6 MPa, respectively. The differences in mechanical properties were explained according to the microstructures of the fracture surfaces. Thus, arlite-type ceramic aggregates presented surface porosities that allowed mortar intrusion and the formation of an interconnected interface; although the surfaces of the vitreous aggregates were free from porosity due to their vitreous nature, the mortars obtained from different wastes presented compressive and flexural strengths in the range of lightweight mortars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Materials from Industrial Waste)
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16 pages, 2737 KiB  
Article
Use of a Waste-Derived Linde Type-A Immobilized in Agarose for the Remediation of Water Impacted by Coal Acid Mine Drainage at Pilot Scale
by Cristiano Luiz Chostak, Aurora López-Delgado, Isabel Padilla, Flávio Rubens Lapolli and María Ángeles Lobo-Recio
Materials 2023, 16(11), 4038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114038 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 754
Abstract
A new adsorbent based on an immobilized waste-derived LTA zeolite in agarose (AG) has proven to be an innovative and efficient alternative for removing metallic contaminants from water impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) because the immobilization prevents the solubilization of the zeolite [...] Read more.
A new adsorbent based on an immobilized waste-derived LTA zeolite in agarose (AG) has proven to be an innovative and efficient alternative for removing metallic contaminants from water impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) because the immobilization prevents the solubilization of the zeolite in acidic media and eases its separation from the adsorbed solution. A pilot device was developed containing slices of the sorbent material [AG (1.5%)–LTA (8%)] to be used in a treatment system under an upward continuous flow. High removals of Fe2+ (93.45%), Mn2+ (91.62%), and Al3+ (96.56%) were achieved, thus transforming river water heavily contaminated by metallic ions into water suitable for non-potable use for these parameters, according to Brazilian and/or FAO standards. Breakthrough curves were constructed and the corresponding maximum adsorption capacities (mg/g) (Fe2+, 17.42; Mn2+, 1.38; Al3+, 15.20) calculated from them. Thomas mathematical model was well fitted to the experimental data, indicating the participation of an ion-exchange mechanism in the removal of the metallic ions. The pilot-scale process studied, in addition to being highly efficient in removing metal ions at toxic levels in AMD-impacted water, is linked to the sustainability and circular economy concepts, due to the use as an adsorbent of a synthetic zeolite derived from a hazardous aluminum waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Materials from Industrial Waste)
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18 pages, 9363 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Volcano-Sedimentary Rocks and Related Scraps for Design of Sustainable Materials
by Luisa Barbieri, Fabiana Altimari, Fernanda Andreola, Bruno Maggi and Isabella Lancellotti
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3408; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093408 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1084
Abstract
This work started as a joint academia and company research project with the aim of finding new applications for domestically sourced volcanic products and related waste (pumice, lapillus, zeolitic tuff and volcanic debris from Tessennano and Arlena quarry) by creating a database of [...] Read more.
This work started as a joint academia and company research project with the aim of finding new applications for domestically sourced volcanic products and related waste (pumice, lapillus, zeolitic tuff and volcanic debris from Tessennano and Arlena quarry) by creating a database of secondary volcanic raw materials and their intrinsic characteristics to help industry replace virgin materials and enhance circularity. In this context, accurate chemical, mineralogical, morphological, granulometric and thermal characterizations were performed. Based on the results presented, it can be concluded that due to their lightness, these materials can be used in the design and preparation of lightweight aggregates for agronomic purposes or in the construction field. Furthermore, due to their aluminosilicate nature and amorphous fraction, pumice and lapillus can play the role of precursor or activator for geopolymer preparation. With its porous nature, zeolitic tuff can be exploited for flue gas treatment. Due to the presence of feldspathic phase (sanidine), these materials can be used in tile production as a fluxing component, and with their pozzolanic activity and calcium content, they have application in the binder field as supplementary cementitious material or as aggregates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Materials from Industrial Waste)
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19 pages, 6434 KiB  
Article
Reuse of Oil Refining Sludge Residue Ash via Alkaline Activation in Matrices of Chamotte or Rice Husk Ash
by Almudena García-Díaz, Salvador Bueno-Rodríguez, Luis Pérez-Villarejo and Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Materials 2023, 16(7), 2801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072801 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1235
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of reusing ashes obtained by the calcination of industrial sludge from the oil refining industry (ORSA) as a secondary raw material in the manufacture of alkaline activated cements or geopolymers. The incorporation behavior [...] Read more.
The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of reusing ashes obtained by the calcination of industrial sludge from the oil refining industry (ORSA) as a secondary raw material in the manufacture of alkaline activated cements or geopolymers. The incorporation behavior of 5–20 wt.% of residue in binary mixtures with rice husk ash (RHA) or chamotte (CHM) was evaluated. The cements were activated with a sustainable alternative activating solution obtained from NaOH (10 M) and diatomaceous earth. The specimens were cured at room temperature. Physical and mechanical properties were determined, and the reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results indicate that the addition of ORSA (5–20 wt.%) to RHA and CHM improves the mechanical strength of alkaline activated cements with maximum compressive strengths of 30.6 MPa and 15.7 MPa, respectively, after 28 days of curing, with the incorporation of 20 wt.% waste. In these mixtures, the sludge acts as a source of aluminum, promoting the formation of a higher amount of geopolymer gel N-A-S-H in materials using RHA as a precursor and also (N)-(C)-A-S-H gel in cements using CHM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Materials from Industrial Waste)
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