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Feature Paper in Section Smart Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Smart Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 9873

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Seung Hwan Ko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: sustainable energy devices; nanomaterial synthesis and characterization; microscale heat transfer; flexible and stretchable electronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue “Feature Paper in Section Smart Materials” will present a collection of high-quality original research papers and comprehensive reviews on the recent advances in the field of functional and smart materials for energy devices, electronics, soft robotics, sensors, and actuators. This Special Issue intends to highlight new knowledge and the latest innovative approaches and developments in all aspects of the synthesis, processing, characterization, and performance of functional and smart materials and their integration in existing and emerging applications. The potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Energy generation devices
  • Energy storage devices
  • Sensors
  • Actuators
  • Flexible electronics
  • Stretchable electronics
  • Wearable electronics
  • Soft robotics
  • Biomechanics
  • Display

Prof. Dr. Seung Hwan Ko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energy generation devices
  • Energy storage devices
  • Sensors
  • Actuators
  • Flexible electronics
  • Stretchable electronics
  • Wearable electronics
  • Soft robotics
  • Biomechanics
  • Display

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1923 KiB  
Article
Red Display for Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays with High Saturation via a Separation Stage between Black and Red Particles
by Linwei Liu, Wenjun Zeng, Zhengxing Long, Zichuan Yi, Pengfei Bai, Biao Tang, Dong Yuan and Guofu Zhou
Materials 2022, 15(7), 2555; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072555 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1565
Abstract
A three-color electrophoretic display (EPD) can solve the defect of an insufficient color display of black/white EPDs, but it is difficult to achieve a high red saturation due to the same driving polarity between black and red electrophoretic particles. In this work, a [...] Read more.
A three-color electrophoretic display (EPD) can solve the defect of an insufficient color display of black/white EPDs, but it is difficult to achieve a high red saturation due to the same driving polarity between black and red electrophoretic particles. In this work, a separation stage was proposed in the driving process to increase the red saturation in three-color EPDs. Firstly, red particles’ motion was analyzed by the electrophoretic theory and Stokes’ theorem to optimize driving parameters. Secondly, the activity of black particles was analyzed by testing different driving process parameters, and an optimal activation parameter for red particles was obtained. Next, the separation stage parameters were analyzed to reduce the mixing degree of black and red electrophoretic particles. Experimental results showed that the red and black electrophoretic particles could be effectively separated. Compared with an existing driving method, the red saturation was increased by 23.4%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Section Smart Materials)
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10 pages, 1327 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Type-Variable Electronic Paper Using Electrophoretic Particle Loading with Multiple Bottom Electrode Structure
by Sang Il Lee, Dongjin Lee and Kunsik An
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2289; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062289 - 20 Mar 2022
Viewed by 1690
Abstract
This study suggested the design of type-variable electronic paper with multiple bottom electrode structures and experimentally investigated the process mechanism of the electrophoretic particle loading method (EPLM) as an electronic ink injection method. The type-variable electronic paper was achieved by constructing the multi-electrode [...] Read more.
This study suggested the design of type-variable electronic paper with multiple bottom electrode structures and experimentally investigated the process mechanism of the electrophoretic particle loading method (EPLM) as an electronic ink injection method. The type-variable electronic paper was achieved by constructing the multi-electrode structure that had a structure of four electrodes that can independently apply voltage to one cell. By injecting electronic ink that mixes two types of particles with opposite charges into an electrically neutral color (blue) fluid, we realized electronic paper with a single color, and we then measured the optical characteristics of the panel. We used the EPLM to prevent charged particles that have lost their charge from being injected into the e-paper by using an electric field. In order to confirm the color expression and transmittance control effect using the multi-electrode structure, we conducted reflectance measurement and transmittance measurement experiments. Our experiments confirmed that the expression of more than five colors was possible and that the transmittance was controllable to a minimum of 13.50% and a maximum of 71.18%. This study provides an attractive method to create e-paper as a new form outside the framework of existing e-paper technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Section Smart Materials)
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10 pages, 1147 KiB  
Article
Facile Fabrication of ZnO-ZnFe2O4 Hollow Nanostructure by a One-Needle Syringe Electrospinning Method for a High-Selective H2S Gas Sensor
by Kee-Ryung Park, Ryun Na Kim, Yoseb Song, Jinhyeong Kwon and Hyeunseok Choi
Materials 2022, 15(2), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020399 - 06 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1905
Abstract
Herein, a facile fabrication process of ZnO-ZnFe2O4 hollow nanofibers through one-needle syringe electrospinning and the following calcination process is presented. The various compositions of the ZnO-ZnFe2O4 nanofibers are simply created by controlling the metal precursor ratios of [...] Read more.
Herein, a facile fabrication process of ZnO-ZnFe2O4 hollow nanofibers through one-needle syringe electrospinning and the following calcination process is presented. The various compositions of the ZnO-ZnFe2O4 nanofibers are simply created by controlling the metal precursor ratios of Zn and Fe. Moreover, the different diffusion rates of the metal oxides and metal precursors generate a hollow nanostructure during calcination. The hollow structure of the ZnO-ZnFe2O4 enables an enlarged surface area and increased gas sensing sites. In addition, the interface of ZnO and ZnFe2O4 forms a p-n junction to improve gas response and to lower operation temperature. The optimized ZnO-ZnFe2O4 has shown good H2S gas sensing properties of 84.5 (S = Ra/Rg) at 10 ppm at 250 °C with excellent selectivity. This study shows the good potential of p-n junction ZnO-ZnFe2O4 on H2S detection and affords a promising sensor design for a high-performance gas sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Section Smart Materials)
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18 pages, 6246 KiB  
Article
Polypyrrole with Phosphor Tungsten Acid and Carbide-Derived Carbon: Change of Solvent in Electropolymerization and Linear Actuation
by Chau B. Tran, Zane Zondaka, Quoc Bao Le, Bharath Kumar Velmurugan and Rudolf Kiefer
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216302 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1557
Abstract
Linear actuators based on polypyrrole (PPy) are envisaged to have only one ion that triggers the actuation direction, either at oxidation (anion-driven) or at reduction (cation-driven). PPy doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy/DBS) is the most common applied conducting polymer having cation-driven actuation in aqueous [...] Read more.
Linear actuators based on polypyrrole (PPy) are envisaged to have only one ion that triggers the actuation direction, either at oxidation (anion-driven) or at reduction (cation-driven). PPy doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PPy/DBS) is the most common applied conducting polymer having cation-driven actuation in aqueous solvent and mainly anion-driven actuation in an organic electrolyte. It is somehow desired to have an actuator that is independent of the applied solvent in the same actuation direction. In this research we made PPy/DBS with the addition of phosphorus tungsten acid, forming PPyPT films, as well with included carbide derived carbon (CDC) resulting in PPyCDC films. The solvent in electropolymerization was changed from an aqueous ethylene glycol mixture to pure EG forming PPyPT-EG and PPyCDC-EG composites. Our goal in this study was to investigate the linear actuation properties of PPy composites applying sodium perchlorate in aqueous (NaClO4-aq) and propylene carbonate (NaClO4-PC) electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry and square potential steps in combination with electro-chemo-mechanical-deformation (ECMD) measurements of PPy composite films were performed. The PPyPT and PPyCDC had mixed ion-actuation in NaClO4-PC while in NaClO4-aq expansion at reduction (cation-driven) was observed. Those novel PPy composites electropolymerized in EG solvent showed independently which solvent applied mainly expansion at reduction (cation-driven actuator). Chronopotentiometric measurements were performed on all composites, revealing excellent specific capacitance up to 190 F g−1 for PPyCDC-EG (best capacitance retention of 90 % after 1000 cycles) and 130 F g−1 for PPyPT-EG in aqueous electrolyte. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Section Smart Materials)
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Review

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17 pages, 3368 KiB  
Review
Direct Writing of Functional Layer by Selective Laser Sintering of Nanoparticles for Emerging Applications: A Review
by Eunseung Hwang, Jungmin Hong, Jonghun Yoon and Sukjoon Hong
Materials 2022, 15(17), 6006; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176006 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2160
Abstract
Selective laser sintering of nanoparticles enables the direct and rapid formation of a functional layer even on heat-sensitive flexible and stretchable substrates, and is rising as a pioneering fabrication technology for future-oriented applications. To date, laser sintering has been successfully applied to various [...] Read more.
Selective laser sintering of nanoparticles enables the direct and rapid formation of a functional layer even on heat-sensitive flexible and stretchable substrates, and is rising as a pioneering fabrication technology for future-oriented applications. To date, laser sintering has been successfully applied to various target nanomaterials including a wide range of metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles, and extensive investigation of relevant experimental schemes have not only reduced the minimum feature size but also have further expanded the scalability of the process. In the beginning, the selective laser sintering process was regarded as an alternative method to conventional manufacturing processes, but recent studies have shown that the unique characteristics of the laser-sintered layer may improve device performance or even enable novel functionalities which were not achievable using conventional fabrication techniques. In this regard, we summarize the current developmental status of the selective laser sintering technique for nanoparticles, affording special attention to recent emerging applications that adopt the laser sintering scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Section Smart Materials)
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