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Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 11084

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Prof. Dr. Tsukasa Akasaka

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Guest Editor

Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
Interests: micro/nano-pattern; nanoimprint; nanotechnology; biomaterials; cell culture; dental materials

Prof. Dr. Yasuhiro Yoshida

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Guest Editor

Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
Interests: biomaterials; dental materials; medical devices; adhesive dentistry; implantology; endodontics

Dr. Ko Nakanishi

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Guest Editor

Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
Interests: orthodontics; biomaterials; adhesive; drug delivery system; dental material

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dental materials and devices have been progressing quickly in various fields of dentistry. Dental materials are studied in a wide range of fields such as adhesive dentistry, orthodontics, implantology, endodontics, periodontal tissue regeneration, bone regeneration, and drug delivery systems (DDSs). In addition, the contribution of dental devices (high-frequency stimulation devices, etc.) to patient treatment has been significant. Starting with basic research, the process of development and clinical application overcomes various difficulties along the way and, if successful, can contribute to society through patient treatment.

This Special Issue titled “Current and Future Trends in Dental Materials and Devices” calls for original papers or review articles about the material, technology, and device developments, applications, characterizations, etc., focused on a wide range of dental materials and devices. In the broader sense of dental materials, medical biomaterials may be included in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Tsukasa Akasaka
Prof. Dr. Yasuhiro Yoshida
Dr. Ko Nakanishi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

adhesive dentistry
orthodontics
implantology
endodontics
periodontal tissue regeneration
bone regeneration
drug delivery system
dental materials
dental devices

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3674 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feldspar-Modified Methacrylic Composite for Fabrication of Prosthetic Teeth

by Zbigniew Raszewski, Julita Kulbacka, Daria Pakuła, Dariusz Brząkalski and Robert E. Przekop

Materials 2023, 16(10), 3674; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103674 - 11 May 2023

Viewed by 1130

Abstract

This study was aimed at investigating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), modified with a silanized feldspar filler at 10 wt.% and 30 wt.%, as a dental material system for the production of prosthetic teeth. Samples of this composite were subjected to a compressive strength test, three-layer methacrylic teeth were fabricated with the said materials, and their connection to a denture plate was examined. The biocompatibility of the materials was assessed via cytotoxicity tests on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and Chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO-K1). The addition of feldspar significantly improved the material’s compressive strength, with neat PMMA reaching 107 MPa, and the addition of 30% feldspar raising it up to 159 MPa. As observed, composite teeth (cervical part made of neat PMMA, dentin with 10 wt.%, and enamel with 30 wt.% of feldspar) had good adhesion to the denture plate. Neither of the tested materials revealed any cytotoxic effects. In the case of hamster fibroblasts, increased cell viability was observed, with only morphological changes being noticed. Samples containing 10% or 30% of inorganic filler were determined to be safe for treated cells. The use of silanized feldspar to fabricate composite teeth increased their hardness, which is of significant clinical importance for the duration of use of non-retained dentures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials)

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11 pages, 2947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cauterization of Narrow Root Canals Untouched by Instruments by High-Frequency Current

by Hiromichi Kumagai, Tsutomu Sugaya and Toshihiko Tominaga

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2542; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072542 - 23 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1341

Abstract

The mechanical removal of bacteria is fundamental to the treatment of infected root canals, but complete sterilization of biofilms tends not to extend to uninstrumented areas. However, during electrical conduction to a root canal filled with a conductor, the higher impedance where the root canal is narrower generates Joule heat that may result in a large temperature increase and sterilization. The effect of a high-frequency electric current on the wall of a simulated narrow root canal was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Simulated root canals, 0.1 mm in diameter, were prepared in dentine blocks. The root canal wall was treated with Plank-Rychlo solution for 5 min to create a decalcified layer. The simulated root canal was filled with either saline or NaClO, and 150 or 225 V at 520 kHz was applied for 0 s, 1 s, or 5 s. As the conduction time increased, and when the saline was replaced with NaClO, the proportion with a flat decalcified surface decreased, dentinal tubules and a lava-like morphology were significantly more evident on SEM (p < 0.01), and EDS showed significant decreases in carbon and oxygen and increases in calcium (p < 0.01). It was concluded that filling uninstrumented root canals with NaClO and using electrical conduction for 5 s could incinerate and eliminate the organic material of the root canal wall. The application of high-frequency electric current may lead to the cure of many cases of persistent apical periodontitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials)

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12 pages, 6763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevention of Root Caries Using Oxalic Acid

by Hidetoshi Oguma, Yasuhiro Matsuda, Kumiko Yoshihara, Katsushi Okuyama, Masahiko Sakurai, Takashi Saito, Satoshi Inoue and Yasuhiro Yoshida

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041454 - 09 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1325

Abstract

Certain dentin hypersensitivity treatment materials include oxalic acid to coat dentin surfaces with minerals, while certain organic acids possess a remineralization effect. Herein, an organic acid that inhibits the demineralization and coating of root surfaces was evaluated. Specimens were produced using five non-carious extracted bovines. Four different acids were used: oxalic acid (OA), malonic acid (MA), polyacrylic acid (PA), and succinic acid (SA). Each acid was applied to the root surface and washed using distilled water or a remineralization solution, and the surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the surfaces of each specimen, barring the polished surface, were covered with wax and immersed in an automatic pH cycling system for two weeks. Dentin demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR) before and after pH cycling. SEM analysis demonstrated that the three acid groups demineralized the dentin surface, whereas the OA group generated crystals covering the dentin surface, even in a distilled water environment. TMR analysis revealed that the OA groups showed significantly lower integrated mineral loss compared with the other groups, even in the distilled water environment. The results suggest that OA generates insoluble calcium oxalate crystals on the dentin and suppresses demineralization even under low saliva conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials)

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14 pages, 4109 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influences of Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Compositions and Thicknesses on the Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Restorations: An In Vitro Study

by Passent Ellakany, Marwa Madi, Nourhan M. Aly, Turki Alshehri, Shahad T. Alameer and Fahad A. Al-Harbi

Materials 2023, 16(2), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020646 - 09 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1844

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the influences of different CAD/CAM ceramic compositions and thicknesses on the surface roughness and hardness of ceramic restorations. Four different ceramics were used in the current study: lithium disilicate (LD), leucite reinforced (LE), advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS). Each group included 30 specimens subdivided into three different ceramic thicknesses (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mm thicknesses). The microhardness was measured for all the specimens using a microhardness testing machine, while the surface roughness was measured using a non-contact optical profilometer at three intervals (before toothbrushing and after toothbrushing, with and without toothpaste). Three-way and two-way ANOVA were used to determine the factors influencing the surface roughness and microhardness. There was a significant difference in the surface roughness between the studied groups for all the thicknesses. The findings showed that ALD had the lowest surface roughness, while ZLS showed the highest surface roughness. Moreover, ALD, followed by ZLS, had the highest hardness, while LD and LE had the lowest hardness values. Regarding the thicknesses, both the 0.5 and 1 mm ceramic thicknesses showed a significantly lower surface roughness than the 1.5 mm thickness, while the 1.5 mm thickness showed a significantly higher microhardness than the 0.5 mm thickness. The surface roughness and hardness were significantly affected by the ceramic composition and type of filler. It is recommended to use 1.5 mm-thick ceramic materials for the fabrication of definitive full-coverage ceramic restorations, while veneers require 0.5 mm-thick materials. ALD is a promising CAD/CAM material that can be used for the fabrication of restorations with a proper strength in both anterior and posterior regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials)

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12 pages, 3402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Osteoblast Response of Additively Manufactured Zirconia and Alumina-Toughened Zirconia

by Hiroto Nakai, Masanao Inokoshi, Kosuke Nozaki, Kumiko Yoshihara, Akihiro Matsukawa, Noriyuki Nagaoka, Watcharapong Tonprasong and Shunsuke Minakuchi

Materials 2022, 15(23), 8685; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238685 - 06 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1905

Abstract

Zirconia ceramics have been widely used in dentistry. Herein, we assess the surface morphology, surface texture, and osteoblast response of additively manufactured zirconia and alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) in comparison with titanium. The surface roughness, contact angle, and surface microstructure of titanium sandblasted with large-grit alumina and subsequently acid-etched using 18% HCl and 49% H₂SO₄ (SLA-titanium), uniaxially pressed zirconia (UP zirconia), additively manufactured zirconia (AM zirconia), and additively manufactured ATZ (AM ATZ) were investigated. Moreover, the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on these materials were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. SLA-titanium showed the highest surface roughness and contact angle. The other three materials showed comparable surface roughness and contact angles. Micro- and nanoroughness were observed on the surface of SLA-titanium. UP zirconia and AM zirconia had similar surface morphologies. The cell viability, ALP activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on AM zirconia were comparable to or better than those on SLA-titanium. Our results indicate that AM zirconia is a promising material for zirconia dental implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials)

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11 pages, 3142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Multifunctional Acrylate’s Addition to Methacrylate Improve Its Flexural Properties and Bond Ability to CAD/CAM PMMA Block?

by Yukinori Maruo, Kumiko Yoshihara, Masao Irie, Noriyuki Nagaoka, Takuya Matsumoto and Shogo Minagi

Materials 2022, 15(21), 7564; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217564 - 28 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1212

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a multifunctional acrylate copolymer—Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate (TMPTA) and Di-pentaerythritol Polyacrylate (A-DPH)—on the mechanical properties of chemically polymerized acrylic resin and its bond strength to a CAD/CAM polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) disk. The methyl methacrylate (MMA) samples were doped with one of the following comonomers: TMPTA, A-DPH, or Trimethylolpropane Trimethacrylate (TMPTMA). The doping ratio ranged from 10 wt% to 50 wt% in 10 wt% increments. The flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM) of PMMA with and without comonomer doping, as well as the shear bond strength (SBS) between the comonomer-doped PMMA and CAD/CAM PMMA disk, were evaluated. The highest FS (93.2 ± 4.2 MPa) was obtained when doped with 20 wt% of TMPTA. For TMPTMA, the FS decreased with the increase in the doping ratio. For SBS, TMPTA showed almost constant values (ranging from 7.0 to 8.2 MPa) regardless of the doping amount, and A-DPH peaked at 10 wt% doping (8.7 ± 2.2 MPa). TMPTMA showed two peaks at 10 wt% (7.2 ± 2.6 MPa) and 40 wt% (6.5 ± 2.3 MPa). Regarding the failure mode, TMPTMA showed mostly adhesive failure between the CAD/CAM PMMA disk and acrylic resin while TMPTA and A-DPH showed an increased rate of cohesive or mixed failures. Acrylate’s addition as a comonomer to PMMA provided improved mechanical properties and bond strength to the CAD/CAM PMMA disk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials)

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11 pages, 6954 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Study on the Optimization of Femtosecond Laser Treatment on the Surface Morphology of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics and Highly Translucent Zirconia Ceramics

by Masanao Inokoshi, Kumiko Yoshihara, Masayuki Kakehata, Hidehiko Yashiro, Noriyuki Nagaoka, Watcharapong Tonprasong, Kaiqi Xu and Shunsuke Minakuchi

Materials 2022, 15(10), 3614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103614 - 18 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1437

Abstract

All-ceramic restorations have become increasingly popular in dentistry. Toward ensuring that these restorations adhere to the tooth structure, this study determines the optimal femtosecond laser (FL) treatment parameters for lithium disilicate glass-ceramics and highly translucent zirconia ceramics with respect to surface morphology. For both the ceramics, the following surface conditions were investigated: (1) as-sintered; (2) Al₂O₃ sandblasted; (3) FL treatment (dot pattern with line distances of 14, 20, and 40 µm); (4) FL treatment (crossed-line pattern with a line distance of 20 and 40 µm). Surface roughness parameters were estimated using a 3D confocal laser microscope; microstructures were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Peak fluence (F_peak) values of 4 and 8 J/cm² and irradiation numbers (N) of 20 and 10 shots were selected to create dot patterns in highly translucent zirconia and lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, respectively. Furthermore, F_peak = 8 J/cm² and N = 20 shots were chosen to obtain crossed-line patterns in both ceramics. Our results show that lithium disilicate glass-ceramics and highly translucent zirconia exhibit a similar surface morphology under each of the surface treatment conditions. Therefore, FL irradiation of dot or crossed-line patterns (at a distance of 20 and 40 µm) are potential candidates for future investigations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers Research in Novel Dental Materials)

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