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Open AccessArticle

Key Role of Corncob Based-Hydrochar (HC) in the Enhancement of Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Using a Derivative of ZnBi-Layered Double Hydroxides

Ngo Thi Tuong Vy

Dang Nguyen Nha Khanh

and

Nguyen Thi Kim Phuong

Materials 2023, 16(14), 5027; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145027 - 16 Jul 2023

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Abstract

A superior heterojunction of HC-ZnBi-LDO was synthesized in two steps, namely hydrothermal carbonization, followed by co-precipitation. The 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO heterojunction photocatalysts could degrade over 90.8% of 30 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using 1.0 g/L of the catalyst after 135 min of visible light exposure at pH 4. The activity of 2% HC-ZnO-LDO was remarkably stable. Approximately 86.4–90.8% of 30 mg/L 2,4-D was degraded, and more than 79–86.4% of TOC was mineralized by 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO at pH 4 after 135 min of visible light exposure during four consecutive cycles. The rapid separation and migration of charge carriers at the interfaces between HC and ZnBi-LDO were achieved within 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO. Moreover, the electron acceptor characteristic of HC in 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO caused the recombination of charge carriers to decrease significantly, thus generating more reactive radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (OH^●) and superoxide radicals (O₂^●−). These results demonstrate that the novel 2% HC-ZnBi-LDO is a superior photocatalyst for the remediation of hazardous organic pollutants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials)

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Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between the Structural Characteristics of α-Fe₂O₃ Catalysts and Their Lattice Oxygen Reactivity Regarding Hydrogen

and

Materials 2023, 16(12), 4466; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124466 - 19 Jun 2023

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Abstract

In this paper, the relationship between the structural features of hematite samples calcined in the interval of 800–1100 °C and their reactivity regarding hydrogen studied in the temperature-programmed reaction (TPR-H₂) was studied. The oxygen reactivity of the samples decreases with the increasing calcination temperature. The study of calcined hematite samples used X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy, and their textural characteristics were studied also. According to XRD results, hematite samples calcined in the temperature range under study are monophase, represented by the α-Fe₂O₃ phase, in which crystal density increases with increasing calcination temperature. The Raman spectroscopy results also register only the α-Fe₂O₃ phase; the samples consist of large, well-crystallized particles with smaller particles on their surface, having a significantly lower degree of crystallinity, and their proportion decreases with increasing calcination temperature. XPS results show the α-Fe₂O₃ surface enriched with Fe²⁺ ions, whose proportion increases with increasing calcination temperature, which leads to an increase in the lattice oxygen binding energy and a decrease in the α-Fe₂O₃ reactivity regarding hydrogen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials)

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Heterogeneous Catalysts in N-Heterocycles and Aromatics as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): History, Present Status and Future

and

Materials 2023, 16(10), 3735; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103735 - 15 May 2023

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Abstract

The continuous decline of traditional fossil energy has cast the shadow of an energy crisis on human society. Hydrogen generated from renewable energy sources is considered as a promising energy carrier, which can effectively promote the energy transformation of traditional high-carbon fossil energy to low-carbon clean energy. Hydrogen storage technology plays a key role in realizing the application of hydrogen energy and liquid organic hydrogen carrier technology, with many advantages such as storing hydrogen efficiently and reversibly. High-performance and low-cost catalysts are the key to the large-scale application of liquid organic hydrogen carrier technology. In the past few decades, the catalyst field of organic liquid hydrogen carriers has continued to develop and has achieved some breakthroughs. In this review, we summarized recent significant progress in this field and discussed the optimization strategies of catalyst performance, including the properties of support and active metals, metal–support interaction and the combination and proportion of multi-metals. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism and future development direction were also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Materials—Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials)

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