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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Commemorating the Launch of the Section "Marine Toxins"
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Commemorating the Launch of the Section "Marine Toxins"

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Toxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 2752

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrew Turner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
Interests: assessment of new marine toxin threats; cyanobacterial toxins; method development; reference materials; rapid testing methods; one health impacts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Panagiota Katikou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Department of Hy-giene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin and Toxicology, 57001 Thermi, Greece
Interests: marine biotoxins; phycotoxins; harmful algal blooms; toxic pufferfish; emerging marine toxins; tetrodotoxins; ciguatoxins; lipophilic toxins; toxic episodes management; phycotoxins regulatory monitoring; marine toxins analysis; mouse bioassay; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a special issue of Marine Drugs, entitled "Commemorating the Launch of the Section 'Marine Toxins'". This special issue aims to highlight the importance of the newly launched section of Marine Drugs, which focuses on the study of marine toxins.

Marine toxins are natural products produced by a variety of marine organisms, including microalgae and bacteria. These compounds have been found to have a wide range of biological activities, including toxicity to humans and animals, as well as potential applications in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. The section "Marine Toxins” provides a platform for researchers to share their latest findings on the isolation, characterization, biosynthesis, and biological activities of these bioactive molecules.

To celebrate the launch of this section, Marine Drugs is calling for submissions within this special issue, which will feature original research articles, reviews, and perspectives highlighting recent advancements in the field, on a variety of topics related to marine toxins, including their chemical structures, biosynthesis, and biological activities and their potential applications. Additionally, we welcome articles on the detection, analysis, and monitoring of marine toxins, as well as their impact on human and animal health and the environment.

Topics of interest for this special issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Identification and characterization of new marine toxins
  • Structural elucidation, mechanisms of biosynthesis and regulation of marine toxins
  • Biological evaluation of marine toxins
  • Toxicity and pharmacology of marine toxins
  • Applications of marine toxins in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture
  • Toxicology and risk assessment of marine toxins
  • Methods for the detection and analysis of marine toxins
  • Metabolism and biotransformation of marine toxins
  • Evidence for geographical/temporal expansion of non-regulated marine toxins

We invite all researchers working in the field of marine toxins to contribute their latest research to this special issue. We hope that this collection of articles will serve as a valuable resource for the scientific community and inspire further research in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.

Join us in commemorating the launch of the "Marine Toxins" section of Marine Drugs and contribute to this exciting special issue.

Sincerely,

Dr. Andrew Turner
Dr. Panagiota Katikou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine toxins
  • identification and characterization
  • structural elucidation
  • mechanisms of biosynthesis
  • biological evaluation
  • toxicity
  • pharmacology
  • toxicology and risk assessment
  • methods for the detection and analysis
  • metabolism
  • biotransformation
  • applications of marine toxins in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture
  • evidence for geographical/temporal expansion of non-regulated marine toxins

Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 3981 KiB  
Article
Physiological Effects of Oxidative Stress Caused by Saxitoxin in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
by Haiyan Wu, Balakrishnan Prithiviraj and Zhijun Tan
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(10), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21100544 - 19 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1279
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) causes high toxicity by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, and it poses a major threat to marine ecosystems and human health worldwide. Our work evaluated the neurotoxicity and chronic toxicology of STX to Caenorhabditis elegans by an analysis of lifespan, brood size, [...] Read more.
Saxitoxin (STX) causes high toxicity by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, and it poses a major threat to marine ecosystems and human health worldwide. Our work evaluated the neurotoxicity and chronic toxicology of STX to Caenorhabditis elegans by an analysis of lifespan, brood size, growth ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and the overexpression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). After exposure to a series of concentrations of STX for 24 h, worms showed paralysis symptoms and fully recovered within 6 h; less than 5% of worms died at the highest concentration of 1000 ng/mL for first larval stage (L1) worms and 10,000 ng/mL for fourth larval stage (L4) worms. Declines in lifespan, productivity, and body size of C. elegans were observed under the stress of 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL STX, and the lifespan was shorter than that in controls. With STX exposure, the productivity declined by 32–49%; the body size, including body length and body area, declined by 13–18% and 25–27%, respectively. The levels of ROS exhibited a gradual increase over time, accompanied by a positive concentration effect of STX resulting in 1.14–1.86 times higher levels compared to the control group in L4 worms. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed between L1 worms. Finally, after exposure to STX for 48 h, ATP levels and GFP expression in C. elegans showed a significant dose-dependent increase. Our study reports the first evidence that STX is not lethal but imposes substantial oxidative stress on C. elegans, with a dose-responsive relationship. Our results indicated that C. elegans is an ideal model to further study the mechanisms underlying the fitness of organisms under the stress caused by paralytic shellfish toxins including STX. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Commemorating the Launch of the Section "Marine Toxins")
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18 pages, 3072 KiB  
Article
Nutrient Deficiencies Impact on the Cellular and Metabolic Responses of Saxitoxin Producing Alexandrium minutum: A Transcriptomic Perspective
by Muhamad Afiq Akbar, Nurul Yuziana Mohd Yusof, Gires Usup, Asmat Ahmad, Syarul Nataqain Baharum and Hamidun Bunawan
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(9), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21090497 - 18 Sep 2023
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Abstract
Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim is commonly associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) in tropical marine waters due to its saxitoxin production. However, limited information is available regarding the cellular and metabolic changes of A. minutum in nutrient-deficient environments. To fill this gap, our [...] Read more.
Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim is commonly associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) in tropical marine waters due to its saxitoxin production. However, limited information is available regarding the cellular and metabolic changes of A. minutum in nutrient-deficient environments. To fill this gap, our study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic responses of A. minutum under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency. The induction of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency resulted in the identification of 1049 and 763 differently expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Further analysis using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed 702 and 1251 enriched gene ontology (GO) terms associated with nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, respectively. Our results indicate that in laboratory cultures, nitrogen deficiency primarily affects meiosis, carbohydrate catabolism, ammonium assimilation, ion homeostasis, and protein kinase activity. On the other hand, phosphorus deficiency primarily affects the carbon metabolic response, cellular ion transfer, actin-dependent cell movement, signalling pathways, and protein recycling. Our study provides valuable insights into biological processes and genes regulating A. minutum’s response to nutrient deficiencies, furthering our understanding of the ecophysiological response of HABs to environmental change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Commemorating the Launch of the Section "Marine Toxins")
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