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Special Issue "Marine Extremophiles"

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Dear Colleagues,

Marine environments include seas, oceans, river mouths, and salt lakes. Within marine ecosystems, there are some extreme ecological niches where microbial life is very active. In these sites, extreme conditions include high or low values of temperature, pressure, pH value, salinity, and concentrations of metals or gas. Bacteria, algae, and archaea thriving in these habitats have been named extremophiles. Due to their metabolic strategies and smart adaptations, extremophiles are a valuable source of information about the early-stage life on our planet and the pathogens emerging with the phenomenon of global sea warming. In addition, extremophiles are an untapped reservoir of low-molecular-mass molecules and polymers with unexplored activity to be exploited for industrial applications.

We are pleased to invite you to submit research articles or reviews to this Special Issue entitled “Marine Extremophiles”. Original research articles and reviews including secondary metabolites as well as the isolation , structural characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides and glycolipids, are welcome. In addition, papers describing structures–activity relationships are especially invited.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Maria Michela Corsaro
Dr. Angela Casillo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

exopolysaccharides
secondary metabolites
glycolipids
structural characterization
NMR
bioactive compounds
lipopolysaccharides
adaptation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Bacterial Adhesion on Abiotic and Biotic Surfaces of the Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Bacillus licheniformis B3-15

Marco Sebastiano Nicolò

Salvatore Guglielmino

and

Concetta Gugliandolo

Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(5), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21050313 - 20 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 774

Abstract

The eradication of bacterial biofilm represents a crucial strategy to prevent a clinical problem associated with microbial persistent infection. In this study we evaluated the ability of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) B3-15, produced by the marine Bacillus licheniformis B3-15, to prevent the adhesion and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride surfaces. The EPS was added at different times (0, 2, 4 and 8 h), corresponding to the initial, reversible and irreversible attachment, and after the biofilm development (24 or 48 h). The EPS (300 µg/mL) impaired the initial phase, preventing bacterial adhesion even when added after 2 h of incubation, but had no effects on mature biofilms. Without exerting any antibiotic activity, the antibiofilm mechanisms of the EPS were related to the modification of the (i) abiotic surface properties, (ii) cell-surface charges and hydrophobicity, and iii) cell-to-cell aggregation. The addition of EPS downregulated the expression of genes (lecA and pslA of P. aeruginosa and clfA of S. aureus) involved in the bacterial adhesion. Moreover, the EPS reduced the adhesion of P. aeruginosa (five logs-scale) and S. aureus (one log) on human nasal epithelial cells. The EPS could represent a promising tool for the prevention of biofilm-related infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Extremophiles)

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Open AccessArticle

CATASAN Is a New Anti-Biofilm Agent Produced by the Marine Antarctic Bacterium Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020

Maria Michela Corsaro

Andrea Carpentieri

Maria Luisa Tutino

and

Ermenegilda Parrilli

Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(12), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120747 - 27 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1165

Abstract

The development of new approaches to prevent microbial surface adhesion and biofilm formation is an emerging need following the growing understanding of the impact of biofilm-related infections on human health. Staphylococcus epidermidis, with its ability to form biofilm and colonize biomaterials, represents the most frequent causative agent involved in infections of medical devices. In the research of new anti-biofilm agents against S. epidermidis biofilm, Antarctic marine bacteria represent an untapped reservoir of biodiversity. In the present study, the attention was focused on Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020, an Antarctic marine bacterium that produces molecules able to impair the initial attachment of S. epidermidis strains to the polystyrene surface. The setup of suitable purification protocols allowed the identification by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS analysis of a protein–polysaccharide complex named CATASAN. This complex proved to be a very effective anti-biofilm agent. Indeed, it not only interferes with cell surface attachment, but also prevents biofilm formation and affects the mature biofilm matrix structure of S. epidermidis. Moreover, CATASAN is endowed with a good emulsification activity in a wide range of pH and temperature. Therefore, its use can be easily extended to different biotechnological applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Extremophiles)

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