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Magnetochemistry
Special Issues
Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid
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Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid

A special issue of Magnetochemistry (ISSN 2312-7481). This special issue belongs to the section "Applications of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 8882

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhenkun Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: magnetorheology; soft robotics and 3D printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yibiao Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
Interests: magnetic fluid; fluid mechanics; finite element analysis
Dr. Hongchao Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: magnechemistry; ferrofluid and 3D printing
Dr. Juntian Qu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: soft robotics and sensing; nanomaterial characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent years have seen the development of a new class of smart materials, the so-called magnetic field-responsive fluids, which display dramatic changes in morphology when subject to an external magnetic field. Rheological characteristics and the anisotropic micro-structures of the fluid can be controlled by the direction and magnitude of the applied field. Commonly recognized magnetic field-responsive fluids includes, but not limited to, ferrofluid, magnetorheological fluid, magnetic compound fluid, magnetic liquid crystals, magnetic biofluid etc. Their unique properties lead to various applications, including seismic vibration control, smart prosthetics, leak free seals, lubricants, density separation, ink jet printers, refrigeration, clutches, tunable heat transfer, optical filter sensors, optical grating, biosensors, cell separation, drug targeting, diagnostics in medicine, hyperthermia therapy, etc. The simulation study on the state of magnetic field-responsive fluid under the application situation is of great importance. Especially, the development of novel magnetic field-responsive fluids with thixotropic or ferromagnetic memory properties opens a new door for the formulation smart fluidic system, which contributes to many emerging applications, such as 4D printing, bionic robots for space exploration, and even in vivo treatment. This special issue encourages authors to submit experimental or theoretical research on the keywords below, and works in the related fields will also be considered.

Dr. Zhenkun Li
Dr. Yibiao Chen
Dr. Hongchao Cui
Dr. Juntian Qu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Magnetochemistry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ferrofluid
  • Magnetorheological fluid
  • Magnetic compound fluid
  • Magnetic liquid crystals
  • Magnetic biofluid
  • Soft robotics
  • 3D and 4D printing
  • Simulation
  • Magnetic thixotropic property
  • Ferromagnetic memory property.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 6095 KiB  
Article
Influence of High Viscosity and Magnetoviscous Effect on the Washout Resistance of Magnetic Fluid
by Zixian Li, Decai Li, Yanwen Li and Shuntao Han
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(5), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9050134 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1160
Abstract
Magnetic fluid seals have long been thought to be a successful sealing form while sealing liquids are always a challenge. The instability of the liquid–liquid interface under the washout has become the key technical problem that hinders the realization of sealing liquid. This [...] Read more.
Magnetic fluid seals have long been thought to be a successful sealing form while sealing liquids are always a challenge. The instability of the liquid–liquid interface under the washout has become the key technical problem that hinders the realization of sealing liquid. This work mainly presents an experimental study about the influence of high viscosity and magnetoviscous effects on washout resistance. Three engine oil-based magnetic fluids of different viscosities were prepared with two kinds of surfactants. The magnetoviscous effects of the prepared magnetic fluids under different working conditions were found through rheological experiments. The viscosity of the three samples decreased at most by about 100 times with the shear rate increasing. An experimental platform was designed and built for the washout tests. The entire process of magnetic fluids being washed away was obtained experimentally. The magnetic fluid of higher viscosity can remain stationary with lower magnetic force. The quantitative results show that the viscosity of the magnetic fluid has a significant influence on washout resistance under a magnetic field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid)
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13 pages, 3498 KiB  
Article
Investigation on Polishing the Concave Surface of Zirconia Ceramics with Magnetic Compound Fluid Enhanced by Hydration Reaction
by Xiaoxing Li, Jian Huang, Qipeng Cao, Yuhui Liao and Ming Feng
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(3), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9030074 - 03 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
Zirconia ceramics are prominent engineering materials and are widely used in computers, consumer electronics, and the fifth-generation communication industry. However, zirconia ceramics are a typical hard-to-cut material, and the product structures are more complex as the demanding on the industry increases. In this [...] Read more.
Zirconia ceramics are prominent engineering materials and are widely used in computers, consumer electronics, and the fifth-generation communication industry. However, zirconia ceramics are a typical hard-to-cut material, and the product structures are more complex as the demanding on the industry increases. In this case, the polishing efficiency should be improved for meeting these requirements. To overcome the problem of polishing concave surfaces of zirconia ceramics, a small polishing tool with a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) was invented. The effect of the polishing parameters on the surface roughness and material removal rate was analyzed by an L9(33) orthogonal experiment. The weight ratio of the parameters was also studied based on the experimental results. With the combination of chemical and mechanical functions, the polishing characteristics were further examined. Based on the soaking experiments, the material removal mechanism is discussed. The results are as follows: (1) the optimal polishing parameters were the revolution speed of the MCF carrier nc of 400 rpm, the working gap h of 0.1 mm, the CIP size D of 5 μm for better surface roughness, the revolution speed of the MCF carrier nc of 400 rpm, the working gap h of 0.1 mm, and the CIP size D of 7 μm for a higher material removal rate. The impact degrees on surface roughness and material removal rate were a revolution speed of the MCF carrier of 54% > working gap of 31%> CIP size of 15% and working gap of 40% > revolution speed of the MCF carrier of 32% > and CIP size of 18%, respectively. (2) Surface roughness was rapidly reduced in the first 20 min and tended to be stable in the last 10 min of polishing. A circular polished area was observed on the flat workpiece for studying the typical material removal curve, and the deepest point was found at the fringe of the material removal curve. The concave workpiece was polished successfully, and the best surface roughness Ra reached 1 nm and 1.2 nm. (3) A pH = 10 with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution has a greater performance in hardness reduction. The chemical and mechanical functions were combined to remove material to enhance the polishing efficiency. All in all, the proposed polishing method with a combination of a small MCF polishing tool and hydration reaction was effective for polishing zirconia ceramics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid)
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11 pages, 3390 KiB  
Article
Performance of Magnetic Fluid and Back Blade Combined Seal for Sealing Water
by Hujun Wang, Zhongquan Gao, Xinzhi He, Zhenkun Li, Jinqiu Zhao, Zhuo Luo and Yaqun Wei
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9020038 - 19 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1268
Abstract
When sealing liquids with magnetic fluid, the interfacial stability problem caused by the interaction between the magnetic fluid and the sealed liquid leads to poor sealing performance. Centrifugal force is generated by the rotation of the sealed liquid in the back blade seal, [...] Read more.
When sealing liquids with magnetic fluid, the interfacial stability problem caused by the interaction between the magnetic fluid and the sealed liquid leads to poor sealing performance. Centrifugal force is generated by the rotation of the sealed liquid in the back blade seal, which forms back pressure to reduce the load of the seal or prevents the sealed liquid from leaking. To reduce the influence of the shaft speed on the sealing performance, a combined magnetic fluid and back blade seal was designed for sealing liquids and a combined seal experiment stand was set up. Theoretical and experimental studies were carried out. The results showed that under a higher shaft speed, the combined seal structure had better sealing performance in which the back blade seal played the main role; the magnetic fluid seal played a major role in stopping and lowering the speed to prevent seal leakage. The combined seal could run stably under different shaft speeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid)
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13 pages, 4177 KiB  
Article
Research on Modification of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles with Two Silane Coupling Agents
by Hongchao Cui, Jiajia Zhang, Jingjing Lu, Zhenkun Li and Decai Li
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9010001 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1761
Abstract
As a novel functional nanomaterial, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified by different surfactants have attracted and are attracting worldwide interest. In this research, we introduced two different silane coupling agents to modify Fe3O4 MNPs instead of a [...] Read more.
As a novel functional nanomaterial, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified by different surfactants have attracted and are attracting worldwide interest. In this research, we introduced two different silane coupling agents to modify Fe3O4 MNPs instead of a single surfactant to achieve complete coating and functionalization. The modification mechanism was also explained. Techniques such as TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TG-DSC, and VSM were applied to characterize the obtained modified Fe3O4 sample. From these techniques, the following information is obtained: The characteristic bands of TEOS and KH-792 were present in the FT-IR spectra and in the XPS plots of modified Fe3O4 MNPs, demonstrating that the silane coupling agents were present in the sample obtained after the modification. The TG analysis of the modified sample showed complete decomposition at 228 °C. The mass ratio of the sample obtained before and after the modification was close to 29:65. The XRD patterns show that the modified Fe3O4 MNPs possessed an identical reverse spinel crystal structure as an unmodified Fe3O4 sample. The modification decreased the saturation magnetization of Fe3O4 MNPs from 70.04 emu/g to 57.41 emu/g and the coating did not change the superparamagnetism of Fe3O4 MNPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid)
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14 pages, 2769 KiB  
Article
Steady-State and Dynamic Rheological Properties of a Mineral Oil-Based Ferrofluid
by Hujun Wang, Yuan Meng, Zhenkun Li, Jiahao Dong and Hongchao Cui
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(9), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8090100 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
In this study, nanoparticles were suspended in L-AN32 total loss system oil. The thixotropic yield behavior and viscoelastic behavior of ferrofluid were analyzed by steady-state and dynamic methods and explained according to the microscopic mechanism of magneto-rheology. The Herschel–Bulkley (H–B) model was used [...] Read more.
In this study, nanoparticles were suspended in L-AN32 total loss system oil. The thixotropic yield behavior and viscoelastic behavior of ferrofluid were analyzed by steady-state and dynamic methods and explained according to the microscopic mechanism of magneto-rheology. The Herschel–Bulkley (H–B) model was used to fit the ferrofluid flow curves, and the observed static yield stress was greater than the dynamic yield stress. Both the static and dynamic yield stress values increased as the magnetic field increased, and the corresponding shear thinning viscosity curve increased more significantly as the magnetic field strength increased. The amplitude scanning results show that the linear viscoelastic region (LVE) is reached when the shear stress is 10%. The frequency scanning results showed that the storage modulus increased with the increase of the frequency at first. The storage modulus increased steadily at a higher frequency range, while the loss modulus increased slowly at the initial stage and rapidly at the later stage. In the amplitude sweep and frequency sweep experiments, the energy storage modulus and loss modulus are enhanced with the decrease of temperature. These findings are helpful to better understand the microscopic mechanism of magneto-rheology of ferrofluids, and also provide guidance for many practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid)
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13 pages, 3539 KiB  
Article
A Novel Method of Flow Curve Measurement for Magnetic Fluid Based on Plane Poiseuille Flow
by Jiahao Dong, Yifan Hu, Bingrui Su, Zhenkun Li, Zhongru Song, Decai Li, Hongchao Cui and Deyi Wang
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(9), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8090098 - 05 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1275
Abstract
Accurate measurement of the flow curves of magnetic fluid under a uniform field has always been a challenge. In this article, a novel method is proposed to measure the flow curve of magnetic fluids based on plane Poiseuille flow. The measuring system was [...] Read more.
Accurate measurement of the flow curves of magnetic fluid under a uniform field has always been a challenge. In this article, a novel method is proposed to measure the flow curve of magnetic fluids based on plane Poiseuille flow. The measuring system was built and its performance was compared with that of a commercial rheometer. Flow curves of magnetic fluid with different zero-field viscosity were tested under various field strengths. This novel method facilitates direct observation of the flowing behaviors of magnetic fluid under different stresses. By examining the variation trend of viscosity under certain constant stress, a more reliable method to determine the dynamic yield stress of magnetic fluid was used. The dynamic yield stress of the magnetic fluid measured by the new method was larger than the value obtained by the fitting, which is more reliable from an engineering point of view. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Applications of Magnetic Field-Responsive Fluid)
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