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Machines
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Friction and Lubrication of Mechanical Drive Train Components
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Friction and Lubrication of Mechanical Drive Train Components

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Friction and Tribology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 9525

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Thomas Hagemann

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Guest Editor
Institute of Tribology and Energy Conversion Machinery, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Interests: tribology; journal and thrust bearings; thermal effects and non-laminar flow in hydrodynamic bearings; mixed friction; rotordynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hubert Schwarze

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Tribology and Energy Conversion Machinery, Faculty of Mathematics/Informatics and Mechanical Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibniz-Street 32, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
Interests: tribology; lubrication; rheology; dynamically loaded bearings; rotor dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Holmberg and Erdemir [1] state that approximately 20% of the world’s total energy consumption originates from friction in tribological contacts. Frictional power loss in the contacts of mechanical drive train components significantly contributes to this number. This fact underlines the outstanding importance of the engineering task to understand the essential processes in this field, using this knowledge to minimize undesired frictional losses. Modern lubrication methods, novel materials, and specific contact design approaches represent important aspects that improve the efficiency of tribological contacts, which have resulted due to the transfer of the newest scientific results to industrial applications.

This Special Issue focuses on the friction and lubrication of mechanical drive train components, such as bearings, gears, and seals. It includes all types of contact load and speed combinations, and therefore, ranges from slow-running systems, such as wind turbines, to high-speed turbomachinery systems.

The Special Issue is intended to provide insights on the findings and results to help engineers and scientists in this challenging field of research. It will address both the contact problem itself, including issues related to materials, lubrication, or fluid flow, and the interaction of the frictional contact with other components of the machine. Both experimental and theoretical investigations are very welcome. 

[1] Holmberg, K., & Erdemir, A. (2017). Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions. Friction, 5(3), 263-284.

Dr. Thomas Hagemann
Prof. Dr. Hubert Schwarze
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • friction
  • lubrication
  • hydrodynamic lubrication
  • hydrostatic lubrication
  • mixed friction
  • materials
  • contact mechanics
  • bearings
  • seals
  • gears

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4845 KiB  
Article
Dynamics-Based Thermal Analysis of High-Speed Angular Contact Ball Bearings with Under-Race Lubrication
by Jintao Lei, Bing Su, Shuailong Zhang, Haisheng Yang and Yongcun Cui
Machines 2023, 11(7), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11070691 - 01 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
The paper mainly studied the temperature rise characteristics of under-race lubricated high-speed angular contact ball bearings under operational conditions from the perspective of dynamics. The steady-state calculation model of the bearing was established using a thermal network method in consideration of the influence [...] Read more.
The paper mainly studied the temperature rise characteristics of under-race lubricated high-speed angular contact ball bearings under operational conditions from the perspective of dynamics. The steady-state calculation model of the bearing was established using a thermal network method in consideration of the influence factor of friction power consumption in bearing components based on a dynamic model. Following this, the steady-state change characteristics of the bearing were obtained by solving a thermal balance equation. Through this process, the influence laws of bearing rotation speed, oil supply, and environmental temperature on the friction temperature rise of the bearing were analyzed. Finally, the finite element analysis software ANSYS was employed to provide comparative verification. The results showed that the bearing temperature nonlinearly increased with the increase in inner ring rotation speed, and when it approached a certain critical value, the outer ring temperature exceeded the inner ring temperature. It had an obvious effect on controlling the temperature rise of the bearing inner ring by way of increasing the quantity and reducing the temperature of the lubricating oil supply. Comparative verification showed that the speed–temperature variation tendency from the dynamics-based thermal analysis well agrees with that of the finite element analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication of Mechanical Drive Train Components)
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13 pages, 7243 KiB  
Article
Simulative and Experimental Investigation of the Ring Creeping Damage Mechanism Considering the Training Effect in Large-Sized Bearings
by Daniel Billenstein, Martin Neidnicht, Daniel Becker, Christian Liewen, Jörg Rollmann and Bernd Lüneburg
Machines 2023, 11(5), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11050543 - 11 May 2023
Viewed by 1510
Abstract
In this work, an advanced, numerical simulation method based on finite element analyses was developed in order to simultaneously take into account both roller- and structural-induced ring creeping phenomena. Ring creeping in general refers to a failure mode caused by a (non-bolted) bearing [...] Read more.
In this work, an advanced, numerical simulation method based on finite element analyses was developed in order to simultaneously take into account both roller- and structural-induced ring creeping phenomena. Ring creeping in general refers to a failure mode caused by a (non-bolted) bearing ring rotating relatively to its adjacent component such as, e.g., shaft or housing during operation. In particular, the coefficient of friction at the contact interface between bearing ring and adjacent component has a crucial influence. In order to consider this effect, a bearing ring creeping test rig based on component-like specimen was developed. Experimental results with respect to (i) measured creeping parameters such as creeping distance and (ii) the coefficient of friction due to run-in effects were described. Finally, experimental and numerical results were compared qualitatively to approve the reasonableness of the simulation model. The developed simulation approach enables the consideration of the entire drive train system within the micro-scale creeping evaluation procedure and therefore supports both drive train and bearing design-specific optimization measures in order to increase the reliability and robustness of a main bearing arrangement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication of Mechanical Drive Train Components)
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25 pages, 19710 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Deep Groove Ball Bearings with an Improved Contact Model
by Wentao Shan, Yu Chen, Xiuying Wang, Chengtao Yu, Kai Wu and Zhenhua Han
Machines 2023, 11(3), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030340 - 01 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2214
Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic response of deep groove ball bearings with clearance was studied numerically. The imperfect connections with the clearance of raceways and rolling balls were established by the contact elements. In order to describe the contact characteristics accurately, a [...] Read more.
In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic response of deep groove ball bearings with clearance was studied numerically. The imperfect connections with the clearance of raceways and rolling balls were established by the contact elements. In order to describe the contact characteristics accurately, a hysteresis damping coefficient was introduced into the Hertz contact model, which represented the dissipative term during the contact–impact process. The tangential force of the contact bodies was obtained based on a modified Coulomb friction model. Then, the dynamic analysis model of the deep groove ball bearings with clearance was built. Meanwhile, the experimental test platform of the deep groove ball bearings with various operation conditions was built and the dynamic simulation was utilized as the demonstrative case to conduct the investigation. The numerical results revealed that the existence of clearance would change the motion trajectory of a rolling ball and the appearance of the different movement states (free, contact, and penetration). In addition, the contact characteristics and sliding features would be changed with the variations in the operation conditions and structural characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication of Mechanical Drive Train Components)
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25 pages, 10178 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Verification of Involute Spline Tooth Surface Wear before and after Carburizing Based on Energy Dissipation Method
by Xiangzhen Xue, Jian Liu, Jipeng Jia, Siwei Yang and Yifan Li
Machines 2023, 11(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11010078 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1595
Abstract
This work studies the tooth surface wear of floating involute spline couplings. Based on the energy dissipation method, this study takes the floating involute spline couplings as the research object, divides the whole wear cycle into three wear stages and analyzes its wear [...] Read more.
This work studies the tooth surface wear of floating involute spline couplings. Based on the energy dissipation method, this study takes the floating involute spline couplings as the research object, divides the whole wear cycle into three wear stages and analyzes its wear mechanism, and proposes a wear prediction model suitable for floating involute spline couplings. By using Abaqus, the simulation of the involute spline couplings before and after carburizing was carried out when the floating distance was 0 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. The wear depth of each tooth was compared and analyzed, and the axial and radial distributions of the wear on the tooth surface of the involute spline couplings were explored. Finally, the floating involute spline couplings test bench was used to verify the spline wear before and after carburizing. The results show that with the increase in floating distance, the wear of the tooth surface also increases, and the upper edge of the tooth surface is seriously worn. Through the comparative analysis of the spline tooth surface wear before and after carburizing treatment, it can be seen that carburizing treatment can effectively reduce the wear degree of the spline couplings tooth surface and improve the service life of the spline couplings, but at a high floating distance, carburizing treatment has no significant effect on improving the performance of the tooth surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication of Mechanical Drive Train Components)
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31 pages, 26901 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of a Cylinder Block/Valve Plate Interface Oil Film Model for 35 MPa Aviation Piston Pumps
by Tianzhao Wang, Jingjing Fang, Hao Liu, Lijun Chen, Xiaoping Ouyang, Shengrong Guo, Xiaojun Zhao and Yijie Lu
Machines 2022, 10(12), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121196 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1537
Abstract
Oil film characteristics are critical to the high-reliability operation of high-pressure aviation piston pumps (APPs). However, there is still a lack of research on oil film modeling and characteristic analysis of high-pressure APPs. This paper takes the oil film at the cylinder block/valve [...] Read more.
Oil film characteristics are critical to the high-reliability operation of high-pressure aviation piston pumps (APPs). However, there is still a lack of research on oil film modeling and characteristic analysis of high-pressure APPs. This paper takes the oil film at the cylinder block/valve plate interface of a 35 MPa high-pressure APP as the research object. By introducing a full oil film computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model considering non-isothermal and cavitation effects under multi-field coupling conditions, a cylinder block/valve plate interface oil film model is established, which includes a viscous wedge geometric model, multi-body dynamics model, and full oil film CFD model. The mesh independence test and force balance error analysis ensure the accuracy of the model calculation. Based on the established model, the oil film’s lubricating, sealing, load-bearing, and overturning characteristics are comprehensively and systematically analyzed, and the evolution law of different oil film characteristics with pressure changes is revealed. Moreover, suggestions for improving the structure and operating conditions of a 35 MPa high-pressure APP are proposed to optimize the oil film characteristics of the cylinder block/valve plate interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction and Lubrication of Mechanical Drive Train Components)
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