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Lubricants
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Assessment of Adhesive Wear
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Assessment of Adhesive Wear

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 8548

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Lin Liu

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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Interests: tribology; wear; surface engineering; laser technology
Prof. Dr. Yong Luo

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Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: surface coating technology; biomaterials; biotribology; artificial joints
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Min Ji

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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Interests: tribology; lubrication additives
Prof. Dr. Hamid Garmestani

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Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Interests: mechanical properties; statistical approaches; friction; computational design; computational materials; fuel cell design; solar cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Adhesive wear is the process of material ploughing, delamination, and removal occurring on the strong adhesive junctions between the sliding surfaces under a compressive–shear stress state. This phenomenon can take place in a wide range of mechanical systems, involving manufacture machines, aerospace, mining, and drilling tools, especially in harsh operating conditions such as high temperatures and/or extreme stresses. 

The Special Issue calls for a collection of both research and review papers making contributions towards better understanding the adhesive wear behavior of essential parts, developing novel wear resistance coatings/materials, or improving assessment methodology and models. Both experimental and numerical-related research is highly encouraged. The Special Issue seeks to provide an opportunity for authors to gather and share insights and achievements in the field of assessment of adhesive wear.

Prof. Dr. Lin Liu
Prof. Dr. Yong Luo
Dr. Min Ji
Prof. Dr. Hamid Garmestani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adhesive wear
  • friction
  • tribology
  • wear resistance materials
  • coatings
  • assessment

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2767 KiB  
Article
Influence of an Oxygen-Free Atmosphere on Process Forces and Workpiece Quality during the Surface Grinding of Ti-6Al-4V
by Berend Denkena, Benjamin Bergmann, Nils Hansen and Roman Lang
Lubricants 2023, 11(8), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11080347 - 14 Aug 2023
Viewed by 722
Abstract
Most manufacturing processes, such as grinding, are usually conducted in a standard air atmosphere. The oxygen within this atmosphere leads to oxidation effects on tools and workpieces when machining metal components. This is primarily a factor in the processing of titanium due to [...] Read more.
Most manufacturing processes, such as grinding, are usually conducted in a standard air atmosphere. The oxygen within this atmosphere leads to oxidation effects on tools and workpieces when machining metal components. This is primarily a factor in the processing of titanium due to its high affinity for oxygen. The oxidation of the surface increases tool wear and reduces surface quality. Hence, this paper investigates the influence of the atmosphere on process forces and workpiece quality when grinding titanium (Ti6Al4V) with metal-bonded diamond grinding tools. To generate oxygen-free conditions in production processes, a novel approach allows an atmosphere with a very low oxygen partial pressure. Using a silane gas, which reacts with oxygen, the oxygen partial pressure, pO2, can be reduced below 10−12 mbar, equal to the oxygen partial pressure in an extremely high vacuum (XHV). The results show a significant influence of the atmosphere on the process forces. When grinding in XHV-adequate conditions, the grinding forces are reduced by 16% in the tangential direction and 50% in the normal direction on average, while the quality of the ground titanium surfaces is consistent (both atmospheres: Rz = 13–21 µm). Phase analysis via XRD revealed a distinct amount of titanium nitride (TiN) on the ground surfaces independently of the atmospheric conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Adhesive Wear)
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13 pages, 10949 KiB  
Article
Influence of Research Factors and Al2O3 Layer Production Parameters on Tribological and Microstructural Properties
by Joanna Korzekwa, Robert Matczuk, Kinga Hubkiewicz, Marek Bara, Mateusz Niedźwiedź and Dariusz Bochenek
Lubricants 2023, 11(7), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11070286 - 06 Jul 2023
Viewed by 981
Abstract
The exclusion of systems supplying the lubricant from the outside makes it necessary to replace traditional sliding pairs with materials containing a lubricant component. Such solutions are carried out to prevent the formation of material tacks and, consequently, of adhesive wear, which must [...] Read more.
The exclusion of systems supplying the lubricant from the outside makes it necessary to replace traditional sliding pairs with materials containing a lubricant component. Such solutions are carried out to prevent the formation of material tacks and, consequently, of adhesive wear, which must be avoided. The article presents the influence of research factors and parameters of Al2O3 layer production on tribological and microstructural properties. The input variables for the tests were the admixture of WS2 to the electrolyte, the type of sputtering of the samples for SEM tests, and the load on the oxide coating—TG15 material friction node. The surface morphology and cross-section of the oxide coatings as well as the tribological properties of the rubbing pair have been studied. Interactions between the input variables and the obtained test results have been analyzed using DOE—a 2k factorial design with one repetition. Pareto charts and two-way ANOVA were used to determine the relationship. The analysis of variance shows the influence of sample preparation on the calculation values of the size of nanopores and Al2O3 walls on the SEM image. Statistical analyzes also show that both the load and the type of electrolyte affected the values of the coefficient of friction and wear of the TG15 material; those values are the result of appropriate adhesion of the sliding film to the surface of the layer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Adhesive Wear)
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9 pages, 5839 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Tribology Properties of Cr-Coated Cemented Carbide under Dry Friction Conditions
by Li Zhang, Wenlong Song, Lei An, Zixiang Xia, Shoujun Wang and Tianya Li
Lubricants 2023, 11(7), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11070278 - 27 Jun 2023
Viewed by 753
Abstract
To improve the surface friction characteristics of cemented carbide, a Cr coating was deposited on cemented carbide substrate with the multiple arc plating technique. The surface and cross-section micrographs, adhesion force and micro-hardness of the Cr-coated cemented carbide were tested. The anti-friction and [...] Read more.
To improve the surface friction characteristics of cemented carbide, a Cr coating was deposited on cemented carbide substrate with the multiple arc plating technique. The surface and cross-section micrographs, adhesion force and micro-hardness of the Cr-coated cemented carbide were tested. The anti-friction and anti-wear behaviors of cemented carbide with and without Cr coating were investigated via the sliding friction test against a WC/Co ball. The tribological properties of cemented carbide were examined using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The test results showed that Cr-coated cemented carbide possessed good adhesion properties and lower hardness. The average coefficient of friction for Cr-coated cemented carbide was reduced by 10–20% compared with that of an uncoated one. The primary wear modes of the Cr-coated sample were delamination of coating, flaking and abrasion wear. It can be found that the preparation of a Cr coating is an effective way to enhance the friction and wear performance of traditional cemented carbide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Adhesive Wear)
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26 pages, 5568 KiB  
Article
The Optimal Design Model for a New Type of Scraper and Research on Its Material Properties
by Jian Hao, Yingchao Song, Haojie Liu, Peizhe Zhang, Lin Chen, Na Zhang, Shun Jia and Yang Liu
Lubricants 2023, 11(4), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11040171 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1410
Abstract
Mining scrapers as an important part of scraper conveyors are highly prone to wear and fatigue failure. A new scraper capable of turning sliding friction into rolling friction was designed to limit wear and reduce failure rate. To determine the safety and reliability [...] Read more.
Mining scrapers as an important part of scraper conveyors are highly prone to wear and fatigue failure. A new scraper capable of turning sliding friction into rolling friction was designed to limit wear and reduce failure rate. To determine the safety and reliability of the new scraper, numerical pulling force measurement was conducted on its physical model and finite element analysis was performed on its 3D model based on SolidWorks Simulation. The results were then compared with data of the traditional scraper. Numerical pulling force measurement results indicated impressively lower friction for the new scraper. Stress, strain, and displacement distributions obtained by static stress analysis based on SolidWorks Simulation proved conformance with the strength and deflection standards. Damage percentage and total life nephograms yielded from fatigue analysis indicated no significant life reduction. Numerical pulling force measurement combined with analysis based on SolidWorks Simulation can help reduce the production cost and development cycle. It plays a great role in determining the safety, reliability, and stability of the new scraper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Adhesive Wear)
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15 pages, 3858 KiB  
Article
Running-In Effects of Lubricated Polyether Ether Ketone on Steel for Different Spreading and Sorption Tendencies
by Christof Koplin, Bernadette Schlüter and Raimund Jaeger
Lubricants 2023, 11(3), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11030135 - 13 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1071
Abstract
Polyether ether ketone is a highly resilient thermoplastic that can withstand as an unfilled or filled polymer tribological high loads in high-temperature applications, as it has a high glass and melting temperature. Currently, it attracts interest as a lubricated material for drive systems [...] Read more.
Polyether ether ketone is a highly resilient thermoplastic that can withstand as an unfilled or filled polymer tribological high loads in high-temperature applications, as it has a high glass and melting temperature. Currently, it attracts interest as a lubricated material for drive systems to minimize noise, as a lightweight solution improving the CO2 balance, or in combination with novel lubricants. We have produced friction and wear maps with pin-on-disk tests on steel axial bearing rings and investigated the interaction and running-in behavior with different lubricants, such as different polyalkylene glycols, polyalphaolefin, and various esters. In general, the behavior of polyether ether ketone is hardly influenced by the frictional heat when loaded at room temperature. It shows a lubricant-specific polymer transfer and surface softening. This running-in impact is enhanced if a loading strategy with initial high friction power is applied. The beneficial transfer forms on the track in mixed lubrication on the rough counterpart until an increasing adhesive contact limits this effect. The appearance of a minimal wear coefficient was found below the glass temperature with lubricants strongly sorbing in polyether ether ketones, such as polar polyalkylenglycol or trimellitic acid ester-based lubricants. Using the interfacial energy of the system to derive an energy term describing the tendency to form a stable transfer, systematic trends in the tribological behavior of polyether ether ketone and polyketone could be identified that can be projected on other systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Adhesive Wear)
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14 pages, 5563 KiB  
Article
Study on Adhesion Force of Graphene under Cylinder–Plane Contact
by Kai Shi, Manfeng Hu and Ping Huang
Lubricants 2023, 11(3), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11030126 - 10 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1462
Abstract
There are many cylinder–plane contacts in microaccelerators, microgyroscopes, and RF switches. Adhesion is one of the main factors affecting the manufacture and use of these micro–nano devices, but its research is insufficient. Graphene is expected to be used in these fields due to [...] Read more.
There are many cylinder–plane contacts in microaccelerators, microgyroscopes, and RF switches. Adhesion is one of the main factors affecting the manufacture and use of these micro–nano devices, but its research is insufficient. Graphene is expected to be used in these fields due to its excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Therefore, it is significant to research the adhesion force of graphene under cylinder–plane. Firstly, the meniscus formation process was introduced using the variable-water-contact-angle method. Secondly, the adhesion force of the graphene surface was measured with a cylindrical atomic-force-microscope probe. Finally, the contact area was considered as a number of nanoscale cylinders in contact with the plane, and the adhesion force of the cylinder–plane model was obtained. The results showed that there was a maximum adhesion force at a relative humidity of 65%. The adhesion force was evidently not time-dependent when the relative humidity was below 45%, because the meniscus cannot be formed on the graphene surface at low relative humidity. While the graphene contact surface formed a meniscus for higher relative humidity, and the adhesion force-versus-time curves first increased and then decreased to stability. Moreover, the relationship between adhesion force and substrate contact angle, roughness, relative humidity, and dwell time was established, and the number of cylinders was determined. The error between the modified theoretical model and the experimental values was only 6%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Adhesive Wear)
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20 pages, 221764 KiB  
Article
Tuning the Parameters of Cu–WS2 Composite Production via Powder Metallurgy: Evaluation of the Effects on Tribological Properties
by Marco Freschi, Lara Dragoni, Marco Mariani, Oskari Haiko, Jukka Kömi, Nora Lecis and Giovanni Dotelli
Lubricants 2023, 11(2), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11020066 - 06 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1552
Abstract
Metal matrix self-lubricating composites exhibit outstanding performance in various environments, reaching the required properties by modifying the reinforcement–matrix ratio and the production method. The present research investigated the effects on tribological performance and electrical properties of different pressure loads, maintaining pressing time, and [...] Read more.
Metal matrix self-lubricating composites exhibit outstanding performance in various environments, reaching the required properties by modifying the reinforcement–matrix ratio and the production method. The present research investigated the effects on tribological performance and electrical properties of different pressure loads, maintaining pressing time, and sintering temperatures during the production of copper–10 wt% tungsten disulfide (Cu–WS2) composite via powder metallurgy. Moreover, additional thermo-mechanical treatments were evaluated, namely second pressing and second sintering steps. The density and the hardness of the produced composites were measured, as well as the electrical resistivity, considering sliding electrical contacts as possible employment. The outputs of the wear tests were considered together with the analysis of the wear track via scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to understand wear mechanisms. Different production routes were compared in terms of electrical resistivity, wear coefficient, and specific wear rate, calculated by the confocal laser scanning microscopy, and friction coefficient, measured during the wear test. The main results highlighted that the increase in sintering temperature was detrimental to the hardness and tribological properties; higher load and additional pressing step determined a general improvement in the tested properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Adhesive Wear)
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