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Life
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New Insights into the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the...
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New Insights into the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 10961

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Davide Ciardiello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Interests: colorectal cancer; gastrointestinal tumors; liquid biopsy; immunotherapy; anti-EGFR
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alessandro Parisi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oncologia Medica, Ospedale San Salvatore, L’Aquila Dipartimento di Medicina clinica, Sanità pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: gastrointestinal tumors; colorectal cancer; targeted therapy; liquid biopsy; microbiome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last 20 years, we have observed a dramatic revolution in the therapeutic scenario of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), with a shift from single-agent chemotherapy drugs to personalized medicine.

This change has been possible thanks to increased knowledge of the molecular biology of CRC, leading to the clinical development of tailored therapies.  Unfortunately, not all patients with CRC harboring a driver gene alteration respond to target therapy. Therefore, major efforts are needed to increase understanding of tumor heterogeneity, identify predictive biomarkers of response, find new combinatory strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Thus, the aim of this Special Issue of Life is to summarize the novel advances in CRC research that could lead to the optimization of patient selection and, therefore, to more effective treatments.

We encourage the submission of original research, reviews as well as high-quality case reports related to the latest progress on the theme topic.

Dr. Davide Ciardiello
Dr. Alessandro Parisi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • colorectal cancer 
  • target therapies 
  • predictive biomarkers 
  • immunotherapy 
  • liquid biopsy 
  • translational research 
  • rechallenge 
  • epigenetics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2134 KiB  
Article
TCGA-My: A Systematic Repository for Systems Biology of Malaysian Colorectal Cancer
by Mohd Amin Azuwar, Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad, Nor Afiqah-Aleng, Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, Najwa Farhah Md. Yusof, Ryia Illani Mohd Yunos, Muhiddin Ishak, Sazuita Saidin, Isa Mohamed Rose, Ismail Sagap, Luqman Mazlan, Zairul Azwan Mohd Azman, Musalmah Mazlan, Sharaniza Ab Rahim, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah, Sheila Nathan, Nurul Azmir Amir Hashim, Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein and Rahman Jamal
Life 2022, 12(6), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060772 - 24 May 2022
Viewed by 2144
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second among the most commonly occurring cancers in Malaysia, and unfortunately, its pathobiology remains unknown. CRC pathobiology can be understood in detail with the implementation of omics technology that is able to generate vast amounts of molecular data. The [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second among the most commonly occurring cancers in Malaysia, and unfortunately, its pathobiology remains unknown. CRC pathobiology can be understood in detail with the implementation of omics technology that is able to generate vast amounts of molecular data. The generation of omics data has introduced a new challenge for data organization. Therefore, a knowledge-based repository, namely TCGA-My, was developed to systematically store and organize CRC omics data for Malaysian patients. TCGA-My stores the genome and metabolome of Malaysian CRC patients. The genome and metabolome datasets were organized using a Python module, pandas. The variants and metabolites were first annotated with their biological information using gene ontologies (GOs) vocabulary. The TCGA-My relational database was then built using HeidiSQL PorTable 9.4.0.512, and Laravel was used to design the web interface. Currently, TCGA-My stores 1,517,841 variants, 23,695 genes, and 167,451 metabolites from the samples of 50 CRC patients. Data entries can be accessed via search and browse menus. TCGA-My aims to offer effective and systematic omics data management, allowing it to become the main resource for Malaysian CRC research, particularly in the context of biomarker identification for precision medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine)
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Review

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18 pages, 567 KiB  
Review
Integrated Decision-Making in the Treatment of Colon-Rectal Cancer: The Case of KRAS-Mutated Tumors
by Sara Cherri, Laura Melocchi, Laura Gandolfi, Giulio Rossi and Alberto Zaniboni
Life 2023, 13(2), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020395 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1799
Abstract
In recent years, precision medicine has taken an increasing place in various branches of medical oncology, including colorectal cancer. Among the potentially relevant mutations for this cancer is the KRAS mutation, initially defined as “untargetable”; today, we see the birth of new molecules [...] Read more.
In recent years, precision medicine has taken an increasing place in various branches of medical oncology, including colorectal cancer. Among the potentially relevant mutations for this cancer is the KRAS mutation, initially defined as “untargetable”; today, we see the birth of new molecules that target one of the variants of the KRAS mutation, KRAS G12C, having a significant impact on the therapeutic options for other malignancies, such as metastatic lung cancer. This fundamental step forward has stimulated scientific research on other potential targets of KRAS, both indirect and direct, and combination treatments aiming to overcome the mechanisms of resistance to these drugs that decrease in efficacy in colorectal cancer. What was once a negative predictive marker of response to anti-EGFR drugs today has become a potential target for targeted treatments. In turn, the prognostic role of the mutation has become extremely interesting, making it a potentially useful element in therapeutic decision-making, not only regarding oncological treatments but also in a more complex and complete manner within a global vision of the patient, involving other figures on the multidisciplinary team, such as surgeons, radiotherapists, and interventional radiologists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine)
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16 pages, 621 KiB  
Review
The Interplay between Anti-Angiogenics and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer
by Brigida Anna Maiorano, Alessandro Parisi, Evaristo Maiello and Davide Ciardiello
Life 2022, 12(10), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101552 - 06 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a hallmark of cancer, plays a fundamental role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-angiogenic drugs and chemotherapy represent a standard of care for treating metastatic disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the therapeutic algorithm of many solid tumors. However, the efficacy of [...] Read more.
Angiogenesis, a hallmark of cancer, plays a fundamental role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-angiogenic drugs and chemotherapy represent a standard of care for treating metastatic disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the therapeutic algorithm of many solid tumors. However, the efficacy of ICIs is limited to mCRC patients carrying microsatellite instability (MSI-H), which represent approximately 3–5% of mCRC. Emerging evidence suggests that anti-angiogenic drugs could exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Thus, there is a strong rationale for combining anti-angiogenics and ICIs to improve efficacy in the metastatic setting. Our review summarizes the pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the combination of anti-angiogenics and ICIs in mCRC to deepen the possible application in daily clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine)
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13 pages, 1295 KiB  
Review
HER2 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Pathology, Somatic Alterations, and Perspectives for Novel Therapeutic Schemes
by Mariia Ivanova, Konstantinos Venetis, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Luca Bottiglieri, Mauro Giuseppe Mastropasqua, Ornella Garrone, Nicola Fusco and Michele Ghidini
Life 2022, 12(9), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091403 - 09 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2473
Abstract
HER2 is an emerging biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). This oncogene plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and, more in general, tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The most frequent types of HER2 alterations in CRC include gene amplification and missense [...] Read more.
HER2 is an emerging biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). This oncogene plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and, more in general, tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The most frequent types of HER2 alterations in CRC include gene amplification and missense mutations in 7–8% of CRC, often being mirrored by HER2 protein overexpression, representing founder events in solid tumors, including CRC. There are currently no approved HER2-targeted therapy guidelines for CRC; however, several studies have shown that HER2 can be effectively targeted in meta-static CRC settings. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of HER2 testing in CRC and the immediate future perspectives for HER2 targeting in the metastatic setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine)
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16 pages, 746 KiB  
Review
New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer
by Angela Damato, Martina Rotolo, Francesco Caputo, Eleonora Borghi, Francesco Iachetta and Carmine Pinto
Life 2022, 12(8), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081137 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1778
Abstract
Genetic alterations in CRC have shown a negative predictive and prognostic role in specific target therapies. The onset of immunotherapy has also undergone remarkable therapeutic innovation, although limited to a small subgroup of patients, the MSI-H/dMMR, which represents only 5% of CRC. Research [...] Read more.
Genetic alterations in CRC have shown a negative predictive and prognostic role in specific target therapies. The onset of immunotherapy has also undergone remarkable therapeutic innovation, although limited to a small subgroup of patients, the MSI-H/dMMR, which represents only 5% of CRC. Research is moving forward to identify whether other biomarkers can predict response to ICIs, despite various limitations regarding expression and identification methods. For this purpose, TMB, LAG3, and PD-L1 expression have been retrospectively evaluated in several solid tumors establishing the rationale to design clinical trials with concurrent inhibition of LAG3 and PD-1 results in a significant advantage in PFS and OS in advanced melanoma patients. Based on these data, there are clinical trials ongoing in the CRC as well. This review aims to highlight what is already known about genetic mutations and genomic alterations in CRC, their inhibition with targeted therapies and immune checkpoints inhibitors, and new findings useful to future treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine)
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