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Life
Special Issues
Crosstalk between Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities
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Crosstalk between Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 14 June 2024 | Viewed by 3641

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Irina-Iuliana Costache

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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Interests: ischemic heart disease; arterial hypertension; pulmonary embolism; heart failure; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Minerva Codruta Badescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Interests: cardiovascular disease; atherosclerosis; arterial thrombosis; venous thrombosis; anticoagulants; hereditary thrombophilia; inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As our knowledge of the physiological and pathophysiological processes that take place in the human body deepens, we are also gaining a deeper awareness of their complexity. We now know that the activation and/or inactivation of multiple mechanisms and the chains of biological events that take place in an organ can have impacts of variable intensity on other organs and systems.

This interdependence is especially evident in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia and diabetes; conditions associated with vascular injuries, such as chronic kidney disease; or chemotherapy and chest radiotherapy for patients with various neoplasms are just a few triggers of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the presence of cardiovascular disease, especially in its most severe form—heart failure—has major consequences for all organs and systems, such as the kidneys, liver and brain, leading to their rapid dysfunction. This interplay causes a downward spiral of progressive and reciprocal aggravation that leads inexorably to early death.

Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, aside from targeting the primary disease, must also seek to actively manage its comorbidities. This is sometimes difficult to achieve, because early dysfunction is subclinical, reflected in adaptive structural or humoral changes that can only be highlighted by imaging or laboratory methods. Moreover, these adaptive changes are the expression of long-term disturbances at the infracellular level. Their identification is becoming an essential pillar of modern medicine, as it could lead to early treatment before irreversible structural and functional changes occur, especially symptomatic ones.

This Special Issue invites you to share research on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in patients with comorbidities, where the accumulation of disturbances requires diagnostic and therapeutic management on multiple levels. We are interested in both original articles and reviews, with the aim of improving the management of patients with cardiovascular disease and its comorbidities, which are both difficult to treat and frequently encountered in current practice.

Prof. Dr. Irina Iuliana Costache
Dr. Minerva Codruta Badescu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular
  • comorbidities
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • dyslipidemia
  • chronic kidney disease
  • cancer
  • lung disease
  • liver disease

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3457 KiB  
Article
Association of Platelet-Monocyte Ratio with Dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: A Large, Population-Based Study
by Mohammad A. Alfhili, Ghada A. Alotaibi, Mohammed Alfaifi, Yousef Almoghrabi and Jawaher Alsughayyir
Life 2023, 13(8), 1685; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081685 - 04 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 892
Abstract
Background: Abnormal lipid metabolism predisposes to cardiovascular disease. However, dyslipidemia is often asymptomatic leading to its underdiagnosis. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify biomarkers that reflect an abnormal lipid profile and trigger the specific investigation of lipid metabolism. The platelet–monocyte ratio [...] Read more.
Background: Abnormal lipid metabolism predisposes to cardiovascular disease. However, dyslipidemia is often asymptomatic leading to its underdiagnosis. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify biomarkers that reflect an abnormal lipid profile and trigger the specific investigation of lipid metabolism. The platelet–monocyte ratio (PMR) is a severely understudied index whose association with disturbed lipid markers remains unknown. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the association between PMR and comprehensive lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL in 14,269 Saudi subjects was designed. Prevalence, risk measures, association, and the diagnostic performance (i.e., area under the curve (AUC)) were evaluated. Results: Median PMR was significantly elevated in subjects with high TC (p < 0.01), TG, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL, and LDL and reduced in those with low HDL (all p < 0.0001) compared to normal subjects. The increase in PMR was abolished when only males with high TC were considered. Except for TC and LDL, all other abnormal markers were significantly more prevalent when PMR was lower (higher for HDL) than a certain cutoff specific for each parameter. Moreover, the odds of having PMR readings above or below the selected cutoffs are significantly higher with all lipid abnormalities. PMR was also weakly but significantly and differentially correlated with all forms of dyslipidemia (p < 0.0001). Notably, the highest diagnostic accuracy of PMR was observed for reduced HDL (AUC = 0.608, p < 0.0001) and elevated TG/HDL (AUC = 0.596, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: PMR is a novel, inexpensive, and readily available index that is associated with all forms of dyslipidemia, suggesting its potential use in related disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crosstalk between Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities)
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Review

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14 pages, 1769 KiB  
Review
Novel Therapeutic Approaches for the Management of Elevated Lipoprotein(a): From Traditional Agents to Future Treatment Options
by György Paragh, Péter Zilahi, László Róbert Kolozsvári, Hajnalka Lőrincz, Péter Fülöp and Mariann Harangi
Life 2024, 14(3), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030374 - 12 Mar 2024
Viewed by 851
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of effective low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering agents, an increased cardiovascular risk is still observed in individuals with therapeutic LDL-C levels. One of these cardiovascular risk factors is elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of effective low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering agents, an increased cardiovascular risk is still observed in individuals with therapeutic LDL-C levels. One of these cardiovascular risk factors is elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) concentration, which maintains chronic inflammation through the increased presence of oxidized phospholipids on its surface. In addition, due to its 90 percent homology with the fibrinolytic proenzyme plasminogen, Lp(a) exhibits atherothrombotic effects. These may also contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with high Lp(a) levels that previous epidemiological studies have shown to exist independently of LDL-C and other lipid parameters. In this review, the authors overview the novel therapeutic options to achieve effective Lp(a) lowering treatment, which may help to define tailored personalized medicine and reduce the residual cardiovascular risk in high-risk patients. Agents that increase LDL receptor expression, including statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors, and LDL production inhibitors, are also discussed. Other treatment options, e.g., cholesterolester transfer protein inhibitors, nicotinic acid derivatives, thyroid hormone mimetics, lipoprotein apheresis, as well as apolipoprotein(a) reducing antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, are also evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crosstalk between Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities)
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21 pages, 1041 KiB  
Review
Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerotic Disease: Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
by Raul-Alexandru Jigoranu, Mihai Roca, Alexandru-Dan Costache, Ovidiu Mitu, Alexandru-Florinel Oancea, Radu-Stefan Miftode, Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba, Eosefina Gina Botnariu, Alexandra Maștaleru, Radu-Sebastian Gavril, Bogdan-Andrei Trandabat, Sabina Ioana Chirica, Raluca Maria Haba, Maria Magdalena Leon, Irina-Iuliana Costache and Florin Mitu
Life 2023, 13(8), 1639; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081639 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1281
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern with a growing incidence worldwide. It is directly linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and to major adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we try to assess the potential diagnostic role of [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern with a growing incidence worldwide. It is directly linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and to major adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we try to assess the potential diagnostic role of biomarkers in the early identification of patients susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis and other adverse cardiovascular events. We have collected publications concerning already established parameters, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as newer markers, e.g., apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the ratio between apoB and apoA. Additionally, given the inflammatory nature of the development of atherosclerosis, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) are also discussed. Additionally, newer publications on other emerging components linked to atherosclerosis were considered in the context of patient evaluation. Apart from the already in-use markers (e.g., LDL-C), emerging research highlights the potential of newer molecules in optimizing the diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease in earlier stages. After further studies, they might be fully implemented in the screening protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crosstalk between Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities)
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