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Life
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The Other Pediatric Primary Headaches
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The Other Pediatric Primary Headaches

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 September 2023) | Viewed by 9469

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vincenzo Raieli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - ISMEP, ARNAS CIVICO, 90100 Palermo, Italy
Interests: migraine; headache; pharmacology; neurology; neurological disorders; trigeminal neuralgia; pain medicine; neurological diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vittorio Sciruicchio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Children Epilepsy and EEG Centre, S. Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy
Interests: pediatric migraine; epilepsy in childhood; EEG and neurological diseases; fibromyalgia and children
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Headaches are a common and crippling neurological disorder in the pediatric population. Despite the significant body of data on pediatric headaches, they continue to be an important challenge for clinicians. In fact, they are probably the most frequent neurological symptom for which children and adolescents are referred to a doctor or an emergency department. 

The child is not only a “little adult", and pediatric primary headaches can vary significantly according to different ages, in terms of not only clinical and prognostic aspects but also the response to the therapy. Other types of pediatric headaches, excluding migraine, can be quite frequent, for example, tension headache, primary stabbing headache, or TACs; however, they are little known and studied. Therefore, it would be important to have more information about its characteristic clinical aspects especially in early childhood, the adaptability of the diagnostic criteria of the latest IHS classification, and the outcome at later ages. Furthermore, it is crucial to investigate possible changes in the situation in the COVID-19 era, and the response to pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies.

The main aim of the present Topic is to collect clinical observations and experimental evidence showing the peculiarity of other primary pediatric headaches at this early stage of life. We hope that this collection can help our fellow clinicians recognize and treat them efficaciously in younger patients.

Dr. Vincenzo Raieli
Dr. Vittorio Sciruicchio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric TACs
  • primary pediatric headaches
  • pediatric tension headaches
  • preventive treatment
  • acute treatment
  • clinical features
  • children
  • pediatric headaches in IV 3ICHD

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1145 KiB  
Article
Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes in Italian Children: A Clinical Case Series
by Edvige Correnti, Salvatore Lo Cascio, Federica Cernigliaro, Roberta Rossi, Daniela D’Agnano, Giulia Grasso, Annamaria Pellegrino, Barbara Lauria, Andrea Santangelo, Giuseppe Santangelo, Gabriele Tripi, Antonella Versace, Vittorio Sciruicchio and Vincenzo Raieli
Life 2023, 13(4), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040861 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2678
Abstract
Background. The orofacial pain syndromes (OFPs) are a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by painful attacks involving the orofacial structures. They may be summarily subdivided into two great categories: (1) orofacial pain mainly attributed to dental disorders such as dentoalveolar and myofascial orofacial [...] Read more.
Background. The orofacial pain syndromes (OFPs) are a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by painful attacks involving the orofacial structures. They may be summarily subdivided into two great categories: (1) orofacial pain mainly attributed to dental disorders such as dentoalveolar and myofascial orofacial pain or temporomandibular joint (TM) pain; (2) orofacial pain mainly attributed to non-dental pain as neuralgias, facial localization of primary headaches or idiopathic orofacial pain. The second group is uncommon, often described by single case reports, can often show overlapping symptoms with the first group, and represents a clinical challenge, carrying the risk of undervaluation and possibly invasive odontoiatric treatment. We aimed to describe a clinical pediatric series of non-dental orofacial pain and better to underline some topographic and clinical features associated with them. We retrospectively collected the data of children admitted to our headache centers (Bari, Palermo, Torino) from 2017 to 2021. Our inclusion criterion was the presence of non-dental orofacial pain following the topographic criteria of 3° International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3), and exclusion criteria included the pain syndromes attributed to the dental disorders and pain syndromes due to the secondary etiologies Results. Our sample comprised 43 subjects (23/20 M/F, in the range of ages 5–17). We classified them int: 23 primary headaches involving the facial territory during attacks, 2 facial trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, 1 facial primary stabbing headache, 1 facial linear headache, 6 trochlear migraines, 1 orbital migraine 3 red ear syndrome and 6 atypical facial pain. All patients described debilitating pain for intensity (moderate/severe), 31 children had episodic attacks, and 12 had continuous pain. Almost all received drugs for acute treatment (less than 50% were satisfied), and some received non-pharmacological treatment associated with drug therapy Conclusion. Although rare OFP can occur in pediatric age, it can be debilitating if unrecognized and untreated, affecting the psychophysical well-being of young patients. We highlight the specific characteristics of the disorder for a more correct and earlier identification during the diagnostic process, already difficult in pediatric age, and to define the approach and possible treatment to prevent negative outcomes in adulthood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Other Pediatric Primary Headaches)
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Review

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10 pages, 247 KiB  
Review
Primary Stabbing Headache in Children and Adolescents
by Maria Reimers, Ilaria Bonemazzi, Francesco Brunello, Elena Cavaliere, Stefano Sartori and Irene Toldo
Life 2024, 14(2), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14020216 - 02 Feb 2024
Viewed by 677
Abstract
Background: Primary Stabbing Headache (PSH) is characterized by brief, focal, and paroxysmal pain (“stab”), occurring sporadically or in clusters. Data on pediatric cases are poor. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review by searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase in order to collect pediatric [...] Read more.
Background: Primary Stabbing Headache (PSH) is characterized by brief, focal, and paroxysmal pain (“stab”), occurring sporadically or in clusters. Data on pediatric cases are poor. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review by searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase in order to collect pediatric case reports and case series of PSH. Results: A total of 12 out of 162 articles assessed for eligibility were finally included. The prevalence of PSH and probable PSH varies from 2.5 to 10% among children with primary headaches and it is higher among children aged less than 6 years old. The mean age of onset is between 7 and 11 years of age. Attack duration greatly varies, ranging from a few seconds to several minutes. The intensity of pain is usually from moderate to severe. Associated symptoms are infrequent but may be observed (mainly photophobia, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting). Neuroradiological findings are usually unremarkable; EEG may show sporadic epileptiform abnormalities (up to 30% of cases). Preventive therapy is anecdotal, including treatment with indomethacin, trazodone, valproate, and amitriptyline. Conclusion: PSH is a common but still underdiagnosed entity among children with primary headaches; further and larger cohort studies are needed to better assess, in particular, prognosis and response to therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Other Pediatric Primary Headaches)
11 pages, 266 KiB  
Review
Cold-Stimulus Headache in Children and Adolescents
by Ilaria Bonemazzi, Maria Federica Pelizza, Giulia Berti, Claudio Ancona, Margherita Nosadini, Stefano Sartori and Irene Toldo
Life 2023, 13(4), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040973 - 09 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1501
Abstract
The literature on cold-stimulus headache (CSH) is relatively sparse compared to other primary headache disorders and the studies on the pediatric population are very limited. This systematic review aims to analyze the evidence on CSH in children and adolescents focusing on epidemiology, clinical [...] Read more.
The literature on cold-stimulus headache (CSH) is relatively sparse compared to other primary headache disorders and the studies on the pediatric population are very limited. This systematic review aims to analyze the evidence on CSH in children and adolescents focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments. Our review included 25 studies, among which 9 papers include pediatric cases (4 pediatric samples, 5 mixed samples of children and adults). The aim of this work is to highlight the features of CSH in children and adolescents. In children, the prevalence of CSH is higher than in adults and it is not gender-specific. There is a relevant family history for CSH and the comorbidity with migraine is significant. The triggers and clinical features of CSH due to ingesting a cold stimulus in children overlap with those in adults. CSH due to external application of a cold stimulus (or to environmentally low temperatures) is not studied in children and adolescents. We describe in detail a new pediatric case of CSH triggered by low ambient temperatures; to the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description in the literature. In conclusion, CSH in children is probably underestimated and has peculiar features compared to adults; further studies are needed to better understand its clinical features and pathophysiology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Other Pediatric Primary Headaches)
13 pages, 723 KiB  
Review
Tension-Type Headache in Children and Adolescents
by Valentina Baglioni, Silvia Orecchio, Dario Esposito, Noemi Faedda, Giulia Natalucci and Vincenzo Guidetti
Life 2023, 13(3), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030825 - 18 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4075
Abstract
In pediatric neurology, tension-type headache (TTH) represents a very common type of primary headache during the pediatric age. Despite the high prevalence of TTH, this diagnosis is often underestimated in childhood, with relevant difficulties in the differential diagnosis of TTH from secondary and [...] Read more.
In pediatric neurology, tension-type headache (TTH) represents a very common type of primary headache during the pediatric age. Despite the high prevalence of TTH, this diagnosis is often underestimated in childhood, with relevant difficulties in the differential diagnosis of TTH from secondary and primary headache manifestations. Even among primary headaches, a clinical overlap is not so infrequent in children: migraine attacks could present tension headache-like features while tension-type headaches may display migraine-like symptoms as well. Several variables play a role in the complex trajectory of headache evolution, such as hormonal changes during adolescence, triggers and genetic and epigenetic factors. The trajectories and outcomes of juvenile migraine and TTH, as well as the transition of one form to the other, have been investigated in several long-term prospective studies. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the current literature on the differential diagnosis workout of TTH in pediatrics, the possible outcomes during the developmental age and the appropriate therapeutic strategies. Indeed, TTH represents a challenging diagnostic entity in pediatrics, both from a clinical and a therapeutic point of view, in which early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Other Pediatric Primary Headaches)
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