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Life
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Multiple Sclerosis: Research in Remyelination, the Next Step
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Multiple Sclerosis: Research in Remyelination, the Next Step

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (19 August 2022) | Viewed by 10519

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jorge Matias-Guiu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: multiple sclerosis; remyelination; cell therapy; neurodegeneration; neurogeneti
Dr. Ulises Gomez-Pinedo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Neurosciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: neurogenesis; oligodendroglia; demyelinating diseases; subventricular zone; neural repair; cell therapy
Prof. Dr. Oscar Gonzalez-Perez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
Interests: neurogenesis; oligodendroglia; demyelinating diseases; subventricular zone

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last 30 years, the therapeutic developments in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been incessant and we already have a large number of drugs that have changed the natural history of the disease. These drugs are intended to modify the inflammatory mechanisms that occur, but have not directly addressed the repair of the damage that occurs. The pathological changes that occur in MS are marked by inflammation, demyelination–remyelination, and neurodegeneration. Both primary and adaptive biological remyelination are altered in patients, but the alteration in remyelination is greater in response to demyelination. In recent years, different groups have advanced the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to remyelination, as well as possible therapeutic targets that may favor its occurrence in MS patients, but the understanding of the process is still inadequate. Different drugs are already being tested which act on these targets, and many researchers consider that the action on demyelination–remyelination is the next step in MS research. Many questions are still open regarding the mechanisms of remyelination, the experimental models for research directed to this mechanism, the diagnostic methods focused on being able to analyze the presence and degree of remyelination, the designs of clinical trials to be able to evaluate these drugs, and regarding the consequences they can have on patient quality of life. This Special Issue aims to review the state-of-the-art of research on remyelination in MS, including mechanisms, directed research models, diagnosis, and therapeutic research.

Prof. Dr. Jorge Matias-Guiu
Dr. Ulises Gomez-Pinedo
Prof. Dr. Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multiple sclerosis
  • remyelination
  • repair
  • therapy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 10265 KiB  
Article
Delayed Maturation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors by Microgravity: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis and Space Flight
by Victoria Tran, Nicholas Carpo, Sophia Shaka, Joile Zamudio, Sungshin Choi, Carlos Cepeda and Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
Life 2022, 12(6), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060797 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2461 | Correction
Abstract
In previous studies, we examined the effects of space microgravity on human neural stem cells. To date, there are no studies on a different type of cell that is critical for myelination and electrical signals transmission, oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs). The purpose of the [...] Read more.
In previous studies, we examined the effects of space microgravity on human neural stem cells. To date, there are no studies on a different type of cell that is critical for myelination and electrical signals transmission, oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs). The purpose of the present study was to examine the behavior of space-flown OLPs (SPC-OLPs) as they were adapting to Earth’s gravity. We found that SPC-OLPs survived, and most of them proliferated normally. Nonetheless, some of them displayed incomplete cytokinesis. Both morphological and ontogenetic analyses showed that they remained healthy and expressed the immature OLP markers Sox2, PDGFR-α, and transferrin (Tf) after space flight, which confirmed that SPC-OLPs displayed a more immature phenotype than their ground control (GC) counterparts. In contrast, GC OLPs expressed markers that usually appear later (GPDH, O4, and ferritin), indicating a delay in SPC-OLPs’ development. These cells remained immature even after treatment with culture media designed to support oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation. The most remarkable and surprising finding was that the iron carrier glycoprotein Tf, previously described as an early marker for OLPs, was expressed ectopically in the nucleus of all SPC-OLPs. In contrast, their GC counterparts expressed it exclusively in the cytoplasm, as previously described. In addition, analysis of the secretome demonstrated that SPC-OLPs contained 3.5 times more Tf than that of GC cells, indicating that Tf is gravitationally regulated, opening two main fields of study to understand the upregulation of the Tf gene and secretion of the protein that keep OLPs at a progenitor stage rather than moving forward to more mature phenotypes. Alternatively, because Tf is an autocrine and paracrine factor in the central nervous system (CNS), in the absence of neurons, it accumulated in the secretome collected after space flight. We conclude that microgravity is becoming a novel platform to study why in some myelin disorders OLPs are present but do not mature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Sclerosis: Research in Remyelination, the Next Step)
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Review

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19 pages, 1249 KiB  
Review
Exosomes and Biomaterials: In Search of a New Therapeutic Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis
by Doddy Denise Ojeda-Hernández, Mercedes A. Hernández-Sapiéns, Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar, Alejandro Canales-Aguirre, Jordi A. Matías-Guiu, Jorge Matías-Guiu, Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz, Ulises Gómez-Pinedo and Francisco Sancho-Bielsa
Life 2022, 12(9), 1417; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091417 - 11 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3425
Abstract
Current efforts to find novel treatments that counteract multiple sclerosis (MS) have pointed toward immunomodulation and remyelination. Currently, cell therapy has shown promising potential to achieve this purpose. However, disadvantages such as poor survival, differentiation, and integration into the target tissue have limited [...] Read more.
Current efforts to find novel treatments that counteract multiple sclerosis (MS) have pointed toward immunomodulation and remyelination. Currently, cell therapy has shown promising potential to achieve this purpose. However, disadvantages such as poor survival, differentiation, and integration into the target tissue have limited its application. A series of recent studies have focused on the cell secretome, showing it to provide the most benefits of cell therapy. Exosomes are a key component of the cell secretome, participating in the transfer of bioactive molecules. These nano-sized vesicles offer many therapeutical advantages, such as the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, an enrichable cargo, and a customizable membrane. Moreover, integrating of biomaterials into exosome therapy could lead to new tissue-specific therapeutic strategies. In this work, the use of exosomes and their integration with biomaterials is presented as a novel strategy in the treatment of MS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Sclerosis: Research in Remyelination, the Next Step)
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11 pages, 1123 KiB  
Review
The Integration of Cell Therapy and Biomaterials as Treatment Strategies for Remyelination
by Eneritz López-Muguruza, Natalia Villar-Gómez, Jordi A. Matias-Guiu, Belen Selma-Calvo, Lidia Moreno-Jiménez, Francisco Sancho-Bielsa, Juan Lopez-Carbonero, María Soledad Benito-Martín, Silvia García-Flores, Natalia Bonel-García, Ola Mohamed-Fathy Kamal, Denise Ojeda-Hernández, Jorge Matías-Guiu and Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
Life 2022, 12(4), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040474 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2804
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation, demyelinating lesions, and axonal damage and is associated with a high rate of early-onset disability. Disease-modifying therapies are used to mitigate the inflammatory process in MS [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation, demyelinating lesions, and axonal damage and is associated with a high rate of early-onset disability. Disease-modifying therapies are used to mitigate the inflammatory process in MS but do not promote regeneration or remyelination; cell therapy may play an important role in these processes, modulating inflammation and promoting the repopulation of oligodendrocytes, which are responsible for myelin repair. The development of genetic engineering has led to the emergence of stable, biocompatible biomaterials that may promote a favorable environment for exogenous cells. This review summarizes the available evidence about the effects of transplantation of different types of stem cells reported in studies with several animal models of MS and clinical trials in human patients. We also address the advantages of combining cell therapy with biomaterials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Sclerosis: Research in Remyelination, the Next Step)
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Other

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2 pages, 572 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Tran et al. Delayed Maturation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors by Microgravity: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis and Space Flight. Life 2022, 12, 797
by Victoria Tran, Nicholas Carpo, Sophia Shaka, Joile Zamudio, Sungshin Choi, Carlos Cepeda and Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
Life 2023, 13(10), 2051; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102051 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 412
Abstract
The authors wish to make the following corrections to Figure 10 of this paper [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Sclerosis: Research in Remyelination, the Next Step)
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