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Special Issue "Immunity in Viral or Bacterial Infections"

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A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (6 June 2023) | Viewed by 4445

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jianzhu Liu

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Guest Editor

College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
Interests: mitophagy; immunity; viral infection; bacteria infection

Dr. Rui Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
Interests: innate immunity; viral infection; bacterial infection; mitophagy

Dr. Ping Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nan Chang, Jiangxi, China
Interests: immunity; viral infection; bacteria infection
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biological immunity can refer to constitutive physical innate mechanisms, such as the physical protection afforded against infections by skin, the activity of natural killer (NK) cells against virus-infected cells, or the natural resistance of mice to the diphtheria toxin because of their absence of a receptor for that toxin. Immunity can also be innate but inducible, as in the antiviral state induced by exposure to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Finally, immunity to specific microbes can be acquired during the lifetime of an individual by infection or vaccination.

There are too many papers to study that concern immunity and viral or bacterial infections; however, we still do not know about some other processes of immunity in bacterial and viral infections in animals or humans as well as potential signaling mechanisms. Additionally, some “secrets” remain unknown in regard to the specific interactions between immune responses and bacterial or viral infections in animals and humans.

In this research topic, we welcome manuscripts from the following subtopics:

Processes of immunity during infections in animals and humans;
Physiological role of immunity during animal and human infections;
The mechanism of activated or inhibited immune cell functions in animals and humans;
The relationship between immune responses and animals during infections in animals and humans;
Effects of supplemental trace elements, prebiotics, or probiotics on immunity in animal and human infectious diseases.

Dr. Jianzhu Liu
Dr. Rui Li
Dr. Ping Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

acquired immunity
innate immunity
viral infection
bacterial infection

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Platycodon grandiflorus Polysaccharides Alleviate Cr(VI)-Induced Apoptosis in DF-1 Cells via ROS-Drp1 Signal Pathway

and

Life 2022, 12(12), 2144; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122144 - 19 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 696

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a widespread heavy metal that has been identified as a human carcinogen, and acute or chronic exposure to Cr(VI) can cause organ damage. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPS) is a constituent extracted from the Chinese herb Platycodon grandiflorus, which has various pharmacological effects. Therefore, the author investigated the role of PGPSt in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis in chicken embryo fibroblast cell lines (DF-1 cells). Firstly, this study infected DF-1 cells using Cr(VI) to set up a model for cytotoxicity and then added PGPSt. Then, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis rate were evaluated. The results showed that PGPSt could inhibit Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial damage and increase the apoptosis rate. For further exploration of the mechanism of regulation of PGPSt, the ROS-Drp1 pathway was investigated. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and mitochondrial division inhibitor 1(Mdivi-1) were added, respectively. The results showed that the NAC and Mdivi-1 restored abnormal mitochondrial fission and cell apoptosis. Thus, PGPSt can alleviate Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis of DF-1 cells through the ROS-Drp1 signaling pathway, which may suggest new research ideas for developing new drugs to alleviate Cr(VI) toxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunity in Viral or Bacterial Infections)

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Open AccessArticle

The Protective Effect of Lycium Ruthenicum Murr Anthocyanins in Cr (VI)-Induced Mitophagy in DF-1 Cells

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Life 2022, 12(8), 1115; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081115 - 25 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1113

Abstract

Cr (VI) is an extremely toxic environment and professional pollutant that seriously damages mitochondrial dysfunction when it enters a cell. Anthocyanins possess anti-oxidant, antiaging, and antifatigue properties. The regulatory effect of Lycium ruthenicum Murr anthocyanin (LRMA) on Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in DF-1 cells was determined. The experimental design was divided into blank group, groups subjected to Cr (VI) and Cr (VI), and LRMA co-treatment groups. Cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Mitophagy was monitored by ELISA and Western blot. Data showed that Cr (VI) caused the overexpression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3, Beclin-1) and reduced the expressions of autophagy protein p62 and TOMM20. Compared with the Cr (VI) group, the LRMA group showed considerably decreased mitochondrial damage and mitophagy. LRMA decreased the mitochondrial protein expression of PINK1 and Parkin’s transfer from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. LRMA may confer protective effects by reducing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in Cr (VI)-induced DF-1 cell models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunity in Viral or Bacterial Infections)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Tocilizumab for Severe COVID-19 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults and Children

Amber N. Edinoff

Edward Sanders Alpaugh

and

Life 2023, 13(4), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040889 - 27 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 834

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly emerged as a global pandemic, placing imminent stress and burden on healthcare resources and workers worldwide. Many patients who present with a severe COVID-19 infection are at high risk of developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), leading to a vast number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation and a high mortality rate. Similar to Middle East respiratory syndrome, COVID-19 demonstrates an initial viral replication phase that manifests as a variety of symptoms typically flu-like in nature, followed by a profound inflammatory response leading to rapid production of cytokines and uncontrolled inflammation. There have also been many cases of COVID-19 in pediatric patients presenting with elevated inflammatory markers and multisystem involvement labeled as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) by the world health organization (WHO). The recent treatment of systemic inflammatory response to COVID-19 targets the secondary phase involving cytokine release syndrome. The detrimental effects of IL-6 can be profound and elevated levels are associated with a higher mortality rate and mechanical ventilation. Tocilizumab is an IL-6 inhibitor most widely investigated to target cytokine storm syndrome. Since June 2021, the FDA enacted an emergency use authorization for tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19. Several clinical trials have investigated tocilizumab combined with corticosteroids for treating severe ARDS associated with COVID-19. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that targeting the cytokine storm syndrome related to COVID-19 can lead to improved outcomes, especially in those patients requiring mechanical ventilation and with a critical illness. Additional studies are warranted to further look at the positive effects of tocilizumab in the COVID-19 population while additionally defining possible adverse effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunity in Viral or Bacterial Infections)

Open AccessReview

Contribution of Lactobacilli on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Diseases: Perspectives and Challenges of Lactobacillus casei

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Life 2022, 12(11), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111910 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1232

Abstract

The intestine barrier, the front line of normal body defense, relies on its structural integrity, microbial composition and barrier immunity. The intestinal mucosal surface is continuously exposed to a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms. Although it occupies a relatively small proportion of the intestinal microbiota, Lactobacilli has been discovered to have a significant impact on the intestine tract in previous studies. It is undeniable that some Lactobacillus strains present probiotic properties through maintaining the micro-ecological balance via different mechanisms, such as mucosal barrier function and barrier immunity, to prevent infection and even to solve some neurology issues by microbiota–gut–brain/liver/lung axis communication. Notably, not only living cells but also Lactobacillus derivatives (postbiotics: soluble secreted products and para-probiotics: cell structural components) may exert antipathogenic effects and beneficial functions for the gut mucosal barrier. However, substantial research on specific effects, safety and action mechanisms in vivo should be done. In clinical application of humans and animals, there are still doubts about the precise evaluation of Lactobacilli’s safety, therapeutic effect, dosage and other aspects. Therefore, we provide an overview of central issues on the impacts of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and their products on the intestinal mucosal barrier and some diseases and highlight the urgent need for further studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunity in Viral or Bacterial Infections)

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Special Issue "Immunity in Viral or Bacterial Infections"

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