Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 April 2023) | Viewed by 23578

Special Issue Editors

Department of Digestive Endoscopy, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Interests: endoscopy; endoscopic submucosal dissection; radiofrequency ablation; anti-reflux mucosectomy; endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty; per-oral endoscopic myotomy; esophageal cancer; Barrett’s esophagus; achalasia; colon cancer; reflux disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Interests: endoscopy; biliary-pancreas disease; endoscopic ultrasound; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; endoscopic intervention; endoscopic drainage; neuroendocrine tumor
Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Da-Chang Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Interests: colonoscopy; colorectal cancer; pathogenesis; prevention and screening; endoscopic diagnosis and resection of gastrointestinal neoplasia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the techniques and instruments are rapidly evolving, the role of endoscopic therapies has become highly important in many gastrointestinal diseases. For early epithelial lesions, endoscopic resection or ablation has been the first-line option given its effectiveness and safety. Furthermore, significant subepithelial lesions may be safely resected endoscopically in the presence of new instruments and the expanding roles of “third-space endoscopy”. Pancreato-biliary endoscopy is a well-established field. Nevertheless, the progress of internal drainage has been ongoing to replace the need of percutaneous and surgical treatments, and endoscopic ablation may contribute the multi-modality treatment of malignant pancreato-biliary neoplasm. In addition, endoscopic therapies can be useful in non-malignant motility or functional disease. While the success of peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia is the most remarkable case, endoscopic therapies continue to show promising potential in gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, and metabolic disease.

In this Special Issue, we welcome any original research, technical note, or review articles which address the therapeutic advances in gastrointestinal endoscopy and provide insights into clinical practice as well as future innovations.

Dr. Wen-Lun Wang
Prof. Dr. Hsiu-Po Wang
Dr. Jen-Hao Yeh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • endoscopic intervention
  • endoscopic ultrasound
  • endoscopic mucosal resection
  • endoscopic submucosal dissection
  • radiofrequency ablation
  • anti-reflux mucosectomy
  • endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
  • per-oral endoscopic myotomy
  • third-space endoscopy
  • endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
  • gastrointestinal disease
  • pancreato-biliary disease
  • motility disorders

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1377 KiB  
Article
The Role of Specialized Instruments for Advanced Endoscopic Resections in Gastrointestinal Disease
by Markus Brand, Karl-Hermann Fuchs, Joel Troya, Alexander Hann and Alexander Meining
Life 2023, 13(11), 2177; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112177 - 07 Nov 2023
Viewed by 733
Abstract
Introduction: Advanced endoscopic therapy techniques have been developed and have created alternative treatment options to surgical therapy for several gastrointestinal diseases. This work will focus on new endoscopic tools for special indications of advanced endoscopic resections (ER), especially endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which [...] Read more.
Introduction: Advanced endoscopic therapy techniques have been developed and have created alternative treatment options to surgical therapy for several gastrointestinal diseases. This work will focus on new endoscopic tools for special indications of advanced endoscopic resections (ER), especially endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), which were developed in our institution. This paper aims to analyze these specialized instruments and identify their status. Methods: Initially, the technical process of ESD was analyzed, and the following limitations of the different endoscopic steps and the necessary manipulations were determined: the problem of traction–countertraction, the grasping force needed to pull on tissue, the instrument tip maneuverability, the limited angulation/triangulation, and the mobility of the scope and instruments. Five instruments developed by our team were used: the Endo-dissector, additional working channel system, external independent next-to-the-scope grasper, 3D overtube working station, and over-the-scope grasper. The instruments were used and applied according to their special functions in dry lab, experimental in vivo, and clinical conditions by the members of our team. Results: The Endo-dissector has a two-fold function: (1) grasping submucosal tissue with enough precision and strength to pull it off the surrounding mucosa and muscle, avoiding damage during energy application and (2) effectively dividing tissue using monopolar energy. The AWC system quickly fulfills the lack of a second working channel as needed to complete the endoscopic task on demand. The EINTS grasper can deliver a serious grasping force, which may be necessary for a traction–countertraction situation during endoscopic resection for lifting a larger specimen. The 3D overtube multifunctional platform provides surgical-like work with bimanual-operated instruments at the tip of the scope, which allows for a coordinated approach during lesion treatment. The OTSG is a grasping tool with very special features for cleaning cavities with debris. Conclusions: The research and development of instruments with special features can solve unmet needs in advanced endoscopic procedures. The latter may help to increase indications for the endoscopic resections of gut lesions in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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12 pages, 1460 KiB  
Article
Novel Photodynamic Therapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma following Radiotherapy
by Takumi Yanagita, Takuto Hikichi, Jun Nakamura, Minami Hashimoto, Tsunetaka Kato, Rei Suzuki, Mitsuru Sugimoto, Yuki Sato, Hiroki Irie, Tadayuki Takagi, Masao Kobayakawa and Hiromasa Ohira
Life 2023, 13(6), 1276; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061276 - 29 May 2023
Viewed by 1091
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are frequently selected as treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, salvage treatment remains challenging when endoscopic resection is not indicated for residual or recurrent ESCC following RT or CRT. Recently, owing to the emergence of second-generation [...] Read more.
Radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are frequently selected as treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, salvage treatment remains challenging when endoscopic resection is not indicated for residual or recurrent ESCC following RT or CRT. Recently, owing to the emergence of second-generation photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium, PDT can be performed with less phototoxicity and therefore has regained popularity in the treatment of ESCC. In this study, the effectiveness and safety of second-generation PDT in patients with residual or recurrent ESCC following RT or CRT were examined. Local complete response (L-CR) rates, procedure-related adverse events, and prognosis were evaluated. In 12 patients with 20 ESCC lesions, the L-CR rates were 95.0%. Perforation, postoperative bleeding, and photosensitivity were not observed. Esophageal stricture following PDT developed in one patient, but this could be addressed using balloon dilation. During a median follow-up period of 12 (range, 3–42) months, the 3-year cause-specific survival rate was 85.7%. Even in patients with a Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 3, the 2-year overall survival rates were 100%. In conclusion, PDT was an efficacious and a safe salvage treatment in patients with local residual or recurrent ESCC following RT or CRT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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10 pages, 1243 KiB  
Article
Diode Laser Therapy for Radiation-Induced Vascular Ectasia: Long-Term Results and Cost Analysis
by Lino Polese, Emilia Giugliano, Roberto Cadrobbi and Deris Gianni Boemo
Life 2023, 13(4), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041025 - 16 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1222
Abstract
Background: Collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissues has been reported in patients who undergo radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy and cost efficiency of endoscopic diode laser therapy in patients diagnosed with chronic radiation proctitis (CRP). [...] Read more.
Background: Collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissues has been reported in patients who undergo radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy and cost efficiency of endoscopic diode laser therapy in patients diagnosed with chronic radiation proctitis (CRP). Methods: The data of 24 patients (median age 78, range 67–90 years) who presented rectal bleeding and were diagnosed with CRP after undergoing high-dose radiotherapy for prostatic cancer and underwent diode laser therapy were evaluated retrospectively. Non-contact fibers were used in the patients who underwent the procedure without sedation in an outpatient setting. Results: The patients underwent a median of two sessions; overall, a mean of 1591 J of laser energy per session was used. No complications were noted during or after the procedures. Bleeding was completely resolved in 21/24 (88%) patients, and two patients showed improvement (96%). It was not necessary to suspend antiplatelet (six patients) or anticoagulant (four patients) therapy during the treatment course. The mean cost per session was EUR 473.4. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrated that endoscopic non-contact diode laser treatment in CRP patients is safe, effective and cost efficient. For this procedure, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy suspension, intraprocedural sedation and hospital admission are not required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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10 pages, 664 KiB  
Article
Efficacy and Safety of Gel Immersion Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Non-Pedunculated Colorectal Polyps
by Hiroshi Ashizawa, Kinichi Hotta, Kenichiro Imai, Sayo Ito, Yoshihiro Kishida, Kazunori Takada, Taishi Okumura, Noboru Kawata, Masao Yoshida, Yuki Maeda, Yoichi Yamamoto, Tatsunori Minamide, Junya Sato, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Hiroyuki Matsubayashi and Hiroyuki Ono
Life 2023, 13(3), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030711 - 06 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1604
Abstract
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has become a popular endoscopic resection method for large colorectal neoplasms. However, visualization can be poor during UEMR due to the presence of intestinal fluid. Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection (GIEMR), using a specially developed gel (Viscoclear® [...] Read more.
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has become a popular endoscopic resection method for large colorectal neoplasms. However, visualization can be poor during UEMR due to the presence of intestinal fluid. Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection (GIEMR), using a specially developed gel (Viscoclear®, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Tokushima, Japan), can improve the visual field. However, reports of GIEMR for colorectal polyps are limited. Herein, we evaluated the short-term outcomes of GIEMR for non-pedunculated colorectal neoplasms (NPCRN). This single-center, retrospective, and observational study includes 25 lesions in 20 patients with NPCRN who underwent GIEMR between January and October 2022. The short-term outcomes and adverse events were evaluated. The lesion locations were as follows: right colon, 18 lesions; left colon, 7 lesions; and rectum, none. The median tumor diameter was 15 (IQR, 10–18) mm. Histological classification was as follows: sessile serrated lesion, 9 cases; adenoma, 12 cases; and intramucosal adenocarcinoma, 4 cases. The overall en bloc resection rates and R0 resection rates were 80% (20/25) and 72% (18/25). For NPCRN in 10–19 mm, the en bloc resection rate was 75% (12/16), with an R0 resection rate of 69% (11/16). No post-polypectomy bleeding, perforation, or post-coagulation syndrome were observed. The findings of our study provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy and safety of GIEMR for NPCRN. Therefore, GIEMR may be a promising novel endoscopic resection method for NPCRN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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13 pages, 998 KiB  
Article
A Retrospective Single-Arm Cohort Study in a Single Center of Radiofrequency Ablation in Treatment of Chronic Radiation Proctitis
by Chien-En Tang, Kung-Chuan Cheng, Kuen-Lin Wu, Hong-Hwa Chen and Ko-Chao Lee
Life 2023, 13(2), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020566 - 17 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1344
Abstract
Background: Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) may develop in patients within months to years after undergoing pelvic radiotherapy. Numerous treatment modalities are available to achieve hemostasis in CRP, but the optimal treatment remains controversial. We report our clinical experience and long-term outcomes using radiofrequency [...] Read more.
Background: Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) may develop in patients within months to years after undergoing pelvic radiotherapy. Numerous treatment modalities are available to achieve hemostasis in CRP, but the optimal treatment remains controversial. We report our clinical experience and long-term outcomes using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with CRP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent RFA for CRP at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between October 2015 and March 2021. The patient characteristics, endoscopic findings, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: 35 total patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 70.5 ± 12.4 years. All patients sustained repeated rectal bleeding before RFA, and 15 of 35 patients needed blood transfusion. Bleeding cessation was achieved in all patients. Mean follow-up time was 18.6 months (ranging from 2 to 52 months). The hemoglobin (Hb) levels at 6 months after RFA revealed significant improvement from 11.0 ± 2.3 to 11.8 ± 1.9 g/dL (p = 0.048). The rectal telangiectasia density (RTD) scores also showed significant improvement from 2.96 ± 0.2 to 0.85 ± 0.7 (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, RFA treatment is safe and effective in controlling rectal bleeding in CRP without serious complications and can be considered as a first-line or alternative endoscopic treatment for patients with CRP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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11 pages, 1663 KiB  
Article
Early and Direct Endoscopic Stone Removal in the Moderate Grade of Acute Cholangitis with Choledocholithiasis Was Safe and Effective: A Prospective Study
by Chih-Ming Liang, Yi-Chun Chiu, Lung-Sheng Lu, Cheng-Kun Wu, Fai-Meng Sou, Shao-Ming Chiu, Yu-Chi Lee, Pao-Yuan Huang, Seng-Kee Chuah and Chung-Mou Kuo
Life 2022, 12(12), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122000 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1300
Abstract
Background: Evidence supporting the feasibility of single-stage stone removal in patients with a moderate grade of acute cholangitis remains insufficient. The maximal size of a common bile-duct stone suitable for removal during a single-stage ERCP in a moderate grade of acute cholangitis is [...] Read more.
Background: Evidence supporting the feasibility of single-stage stone removal in patients with a moderate grade of acute cholangitis remains insufficient. The maximal size of a common bile-duct stone suitable for removal during a single-stage ERCP in a moderate grade of acute cholangitis is unknown. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 196 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-naïve patients diagnosed with acute cholangitis and choledocholithiasis. For eligible patients, single-stage treatment involved stone removal at initial ERCP. Results: A total of 123 patients were included in the final analysis. The success rate of complete stone extraction was similar between patients with mild and moderate grades of acute cholangitis (89.2% vs. 95.9%; p = 0. 181). Complication rates were comparable between the two groups. In the moderate grade of the cholangitis group, among patients who underwent early single-stage ERCP, the length of hospitalization declined as short as the patients in the mild grade of cholangitis (10.6 ± 6.2 vs. 10.1 ± 5.1 days; p = 0.408). In the multivariate analysis, early ERCP indicated shorter hospitalization times (≤10 days) (odds ratio (OR), 3.981; p = 0.001). A stone size less than 1.5 cm presented a high success rate (98.0%) for complete stone removal. Conclusions: Single-stage retrograde endoscopic stone removal in mild and moderate grades of acute cholangitis may be safe and effective, which can obviate the requirement for a second session, thus reducing medical expenses. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03754491. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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Review

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15 pages, 3606 KiB  
Review
Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Leaks: How to Deal with the Challenges (with Video)
by Laurent Monino and Tom G. Moreels
Life 2023, 13(6), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061412 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
Anastomotic leaks after gastrointestinal surgery have an important impact on surgical outcomes because of the high morbidity and mortality rates. Multiple treatment options exist requiring an individualized patient-tailored treatment plan after multidisciplinary discussion. Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is a novel treatment option that [...] Read more.
Anastomotic leaks after gastrointestinal surgery have an important impact on surgical outcomes because of the high morbidity and mortality rates. Multiple treatment options exist requiring an individualized patient-tailored treatment plan after multidisciplinary discussion. Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is a novel treatment option that is nowadays recognized as an effective and useful endoscopic approach to treat leaks or perforations in both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. EVT has a very good safety profile. However, it is a time-consuming endeavour requiring engagement from the endoscopist and understanding from the patient. To the unexperienced, the EVT technique may be prone to several hurdles which may deter endoscopists from using it and depriving patients from a potentially life-saving therapeutic option. The current review highlights the possible difficulties of the EVT procedure and aims to provide some practical solutions to facilitate its use in daily clinical practice. Personal tips and tricks are shared to overcome the pre-, intra- and post-procedural hurdles. An instructive video of the procedure helps to illustrate the technique of EVT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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15 pages, 1168 KiB  
Review
What Is “Cold” and What Is “Hot” in Mucosal Ablation for Barrett’s Oesophagus-Related Dysplasia: A Practical Guide
by Marco Spadaccini, Ludovico Alfarone, Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Roberta Maselli, Antonio Capogreco, Gianluca Franchellucci, Davide Massimi, Alessandro Fugazza, Matteo Colombo, Silvia Carrara, Antonio Facciorusso, Pradeep Bhandari, Prateek Sharma, Cesare Hassan and Alessandro Repici
Life 2023, 13(4), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041023 - 15 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1243
Abstract
Over the last two decades, endoscopic eradication therapy has been established as the therapeutic strategy of choice for patients with Barrett’s oesophagus-related dysplasia and early oesophageal adenocarcinoma. With a multimodal approach, ablative therapies have been highly effective in achieving remarkable eradication rates of [...] Read more.
Over the last two decades, endoscopic eradication therapy has been established as the therapeutic strategy of choice for patients with Barrett’s oesophagus-related dysplasia and early oesophageal adenocarcinoma. With a multimodal approach, ablative therapies have been highly effective in achieving remarkable eradication rates of metaplastic epithelium with an acceptable adverse event rate. Among ablative techniques, radiofrequency ablation is currently considered as the first-line option as its efficacy and safety are strongly supported by relevant data. Nevertheless, radiofrequency ablation is costly, and not universally available, or applicable to every situation. Moreover, primary failure and recurrence rates are not negligible. In the last few years, cryotherapy techniques and hybrid argon plasma coagulation have been increasingly assessed as potential novel ablative therapies. Preliminary data have been promising and suggest that they may even have a role as first-line options, alternatively to radiofrequency ablation. The aim of this review is to provide a practical guide for the ablation of Barrett’s oesophagus, with emphasis on the different ablative options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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13 pages, 632 KiB  
Review
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Esophageal Cancer: Current and Future
by Yuki Okubo and Ryu Ishihara
Life 2023, 13(4), 892; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040892 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2633
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely used to treat superficial esophageal cancer. The advantages of esophageal ESD include a high en bloc resection rate and accurate pathological diagnosis. It enables local resection of the primary tumor and accurate identification of the risk [...] Read more.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely used to treat superficial esophageal cancer. The advantages of esophageal ESD include a high en bloc resection rate and accurate pathological diagnosis. It enables local resection of the primary tumor and accurate identification of the risk factors for lymph node metastasis, including depth, vascular invasion, and types of invasion. Even in cases with clinical T1b-SM cancer, ESD and additional treatment can achieve radical cure, depending on the risk of lymph node metastasis. Esophageal ESD will be increasingly vital in minimally invasive and effective esophageal cancer treatment. This article describes the current status and prospects of esophageal ESD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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Graphical abstract

13 pages, 1105 KiB  
Review
Advances in Analgosedation and Periprocedural Care for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
by Sonja Skiljic, Dino Budrovac, Ana Cicvaric, Nenad Neskovic and Slavica Kvolik
Life 2023, 13(2), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020473 - 08 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
The number and complexity of endoscopic gastrointestinal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is globally increasing. Procedural analgosedation during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures has become the gold standard of gastrointestinal endoscopies. Patient satisfaction and safety are important for the quality of the technique. Currently there are [...] Read more.
The number and complexity of endoscopic gastrointestinal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is globally increasing. Procedural analgosedation during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures has become the gold standard of gastrointestinal endoscopies. Patient satisfaction and safety are important for the quality of the technique. Currently there are no uniform sedation guidelines and protocols for specific gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures, and there are several challenges surrounding the choice of an appropriate analgosedation technique. These include categories of patients, choice of drug, appropriate monitoring, and medical staff providing the service. The ideal analgosedation technique should enable the satisfaction of the patient, their maximum safety and, at the same time, cost-effectiveness. Although propofol is the gold standard and the most used general anesthetic for endoscopies, its use is not without risks such as pain at the injection site, respiratory depression, and hypotension. New studies are looking for alternatives to propofol, and drugs like remimazolam and ciprofol are in the focus of researchers’ interest. New monitoring techniques are also associated with them. The optimal technique of analgosedation should provide good analgesia and sedation, fast recovery, comfort for the endoscopist, patients’ safety, and will have financial benefits. The future will show whether these new drugs have succeeded in these goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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16 pages, 1408 KiB  
Review
Updates in the Field of Submucosal Endoscopy
by Tadateru Maehata, Yoshinori Sato, Yusuke Nakamoto, Masaki Kato, Akiyo Kawashima, Hirofumi Kiyokawa, Hiroshi Yasuda, Hiroyuki Yamamoto and Keisuke Tateishi
Life 2023, 13(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010104 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1511
Abstract
Submucosal endoscopy (third-space endoscopy) can be defined as an endoscopic procedure performed in the submucosal space. This procedure is novel and has been utilized for delivery to the submucosal space in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, such as a tumor, achalasia, gastroparesis, and [...] Read more.
Submucosal endoscopy (third-space endoscopy) can be defined as an endoscopic procedure performed in the submucosal space. This procedure is novel and has been utilized for delivery to the submucosal space in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, such as a tumor, achalasia, gastroparesis, and subepithelial tumors. The main submucosal endoscopy includes peroral endoscopic myotomy, gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy, Zenker peroral endoscopic myotomy, submucosal tunneling for endoscopic resection, and endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection. Submucosal endoscopy has been used as a viable alternative to surgical techniques because it is minimally invasive in the treatment and diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. However, there is limited evidence to prove this. This article reviews the current applications and evidence regarding submucosal endoscopy while exploring the possible future clinical applications in this field. As our understanding of these procedures improves, the future of submucosal endoscopy could be promising in the fields of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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Other

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15 pages, 2090 KiB  
Systematic Review
Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVT) versus Self-Expandable Metal Stent (SEMS) for Anastomotic Leaks after Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Francesco Vito Mandarino, Alberto Barchi, Ferdinando D’Amico, Lorella Fanti, Francesco Azzolini, Edi Viale, Dario Esposito, Riccardo Rosati, Gionata Fiorino, Willem Adrianus Bemelman, Ugo Elmore, Lavinia Barbieri, Francesco Puccetti, Sabrina Gloria Giulia Testoni and Silvio Danese
Life 2023, 13(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020287 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2226
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic treatment of post-esophagectomy/gastrectomy anastomotic dehiscence includes Self-Expandable Metal Stents (SEMS), which have represented the “gold standard” for many years, and Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVT), which was recently introduced, showing promising results. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of [...] Read more.
Background: Endoscopic treatment of post-esophagectomy/gastrectomy anastomotic dehiscence includes Self-Expandable Metal Stents (SEMS), which have represented the “gold standard” for many years, and Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVT), which was recently introduced, showing promising results. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of SEMS and EVT in the treatment of post-esophagectomy/gastrectomy anastomotic leaks, focusing on oncologic surgery. Methods: A systematic search was performed on Pubmed and Embase, identifying studies comparing EVT versus SEMS for the treatment of leaks after upper gastro-intestinal surgery for malignant or benign pathologies. The primary outcome was the rate of successful leak closure. A meta-analysis was conducted, performing an a priori-defined subgroup analysis for the oncologic surgery group. Results: Eight retrospective studies with 357 patients were eligible. Overall, the EVT group showed a higher success rate (odd ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% CI 1.43–4.66), a lower number of devices (pooled mean difference [pmd] 4.90, 95% CI 3.08–6.71), shorter treatment duration (pmd −9.18, 95% CI −17.05–−1.32), lower short-term complication (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.71) and mortality rates (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24–0.92) compared to stenting. In the oncologic surgery subgroup analysis, no differences in the success rate were found (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.74–3.40, I2 = 0%). Conclusions: Overall, EVT has been revealed to be more effective and less burdened by complications compared to stenting. In the oncologic surgery subgroup analysis, efficacy rates were similar between the two groups. Further prospective data need to define a unique management algorithm for anastomotic leaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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7 pages, 1005 KiB  
Case Report
A Rare Gastric Subepithelial Lesion Removed through Submucosal Tunneling Endoscopic Resection: Case Report and Literature Review
by Mu-Ming Chien, Yun-Ho Lin, Chun-Chao Chang and Hsi-Yuan Chien
Life 2023, 13(1), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010179 - 08 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1368
Abstract
Gastric subepithelial lesions are common. However, their diagnosis and management can pose a challenge. Herein, we present the case of a 49-year-old man who was incidentally discovered to have a gastric subepithelial lesion that increased in size during follow-up. Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection [...] Read more.
Gastric subepithelial lesions are common. However, their diagnosis and management can pose a challenge. Herein, we present the case of a 49-year-old man who was incidentally discovered to have a gastric subepithelial lesion that increased in size during follow-up. Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection was performed, and the tumor was successfully removed en bloc. The pathological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a gastric globus tumor. Although rare, glomus tumors should be considered when gastric subepithelial lesions are discovered. Resection with an endoscopic technique can be used to preserve the stomach and can be considered an alternative to surgical removal. However, such procedures should only be performed by experienced therapeutic endoscopists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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16 pages, 1230 KiB  
Systematic Review
Comparison between Enteroscopy-, Laparoscopy- and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Assisted Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography in Patients with Surgically Altered Anatomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Antonio Facciorusso, Georgios Tziatzios, Daryl Ramai, Spyridon Dritsas, Theodosia Florou, Ioannis S. Papanikolaou, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici, Konstantinos Triantafyllou, Lars Aabakken, Jacques Devière, Torsten Beyna and Marianna Arvanitakis
Life 2022, 12(10), 1646; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101646 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Background and Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), in surgically altered anatomy (SAA), can be challenging and the optimal technique selection remains debatable. Most common foregut interventions resulting to this burden consist of Billroth II gastrectomy, Whipple surgery and Roux-en-Y anastomoses, including gastric by-pass. [...] Read more.
Background and Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), in surgically altered anatomy (SAA), can be challenging and the optimal technique selection remains debatable. Most common foregut interventions resulting to this burden consist of Billroth II gastrectomy, Whipple surgery and Roux-en-Y anastomoses, including gastric by-pass. This systematic review, with meta-analysis, aimed to compare the rates of successful enteroscope-assisted (EA)-, endosonography-directed transgastric- (EDGE), and laparoscopy-assisted (LA)-ERCP. Methods: A systematic research (Medline) was performed for relative studies, through January 2022. The primary outcome was technical success, defined as approaching the ampulla site. Secondary outcomes included the desired duct cannulation, successful therapeutic manipulations, and complication rates. We performed meta-analyses of pooled data, and subgroup analysis considering the EA-ERCP subtypes (spiral-, double and single balloon-enteroscope). Pooled rates are reported as percentages with 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CIs). Results: Seventy-six studies were included (3569 procedures). Regarding primary outcome, EA-ERCP was the least effective [87.3% (95%CI: 85.3–89.4); I2: 91.0%], whereas EDGE and LA-ERCP succeeded in 97.9% (95%CI: 96.4–99.4; I2: 0%) and 99.1% (95%CI: 98.6–99.7; I2: 0%), respectively. Similarly, duct cannulation and therapeutic success rates were 74.7% (95%CI: 71.3–78.0; I2: 86.9%) and 69.1% (95%CI: 65.3–72.9; I2: 91.8%) after EA-ERCP, 98% (95%CI: 96.5–99.6; I2: 0%) and 97.9% (95%CI: 96.3–99.4) after EDGE, and 98.6% (95%CI: 97.9–99.2; I2: 0%) and 98.5% (95%CI: 97.8–99.2; I2: 0%) after LA-ERCP, respectively. The noticed high heterogeneity in EA-ERCP results probably reflects the larger number of included studies, the different enteroscopy modalities and the variety of surgical interventions. Comparisons revealed the superiority of LA-ERCP and EDGE over EA-ERCP (p ≤ 0.001) for all success-related outcomes, though LA-ERCP and EDGE were comparable (p ≥ 0.43). ERCP with spiral-enteroscope was inferior to balloon-enteroscope, while the type of the balloon-enteroscope did not affect the results. Most adverse events were recorded after LA-ERCP [15.1% (95%CI: 9.40–20.8); I2: 87.1%], and EDGE [13.1% (95%CI: 7.50–18.8); I2: 48.2%], significantly differing from EA-ERCP [5.7% (95%CI: 4.50–6.80); p ≤ 0.04; I2: 64.2%]. Conclusions: LA-ERCP and EDGE were associated with higher technical, cannulation, and therapeutic success compared to EA-ERCP, though accompanied with more adverse events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endoscopic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Disease)
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