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Land
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Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition
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Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land Socio-Economic and Political Issues".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2023) | Viewed by 26843

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Weiwen Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: land and urbanization; digital urban governance; environmental policy and governance
Dr. Xiangwei Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: regional growth and convergence; infrastructure and land prices; spatial econometrics; regional input-output analysis
Dr. Yuanshuo Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urban Development and Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: urban and regional governance; regional development; public finance; GIS and spatial econometrics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue provides urban scholars with a platform for empirical studies on urbanization and city development in China’s transition. Specific attention is paid to the emerging patterns of urban growth, market forces in city dynamics, and their connection to institutional changes and policy reform.  The Special Issue also publishes empirical papers with significant policy implications.

Research Topics include but are not limited to:       

  • Market forces in urbanization and city development;
  • Emerging patterns in city growth;
  • Land reforms in urbanization;
  • Urban housing and rural-urban migration;
  • Public financing, urban infrastructure, and off-budgeting.

Prof. Dr. Weiwen Zhang
Dr. Xiangwei Sun
Dr. Yuanshuo Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urbanization
  • China
  • land
  • housing
  • migration
  • public finance

Published Papers (16 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2601 KiB  
Article
Heterogeneous Effects of the Talent Competition on Urban Innovation in China: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities
by Runyuan Wang, Weiguang Cai, Hong Ren and Xianrui Ma
Land 2023, 12(3), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12030719 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1579
Abstract
With in-depth efforts in the national strategy of innovation-driven development, the demand for talent in cities is burgeoning. Cities in China have released a large number of preferential policies to attract talent as these cities look to gain an edge in increasing talent [...] Read more.
With in-depth efforts in the national strategy of innovation-driven development, the demand for talent in cities is burgeoning. Cities in China have released a large number of preferential policies to attract talent as these cities look to gain an edge in increasing talent competition. This study empirically studied the effect of talent competition on urban innovation using a panel data set of 298 prefectural-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019 based on the difference-in-difference model and an event study method. The results show that there are heterogeneous effects of talent competitions on urban innovation, which may widen the gap between urban innovation in different cities. The effect of talent competition in different cities showed a significant positive correlation with the level of urban development, and there is a “head effect” of talent competition on urban innovation. Moreover, the results of the mechanism analysis indicate that the effect of talent competition on urban innovation is mainly through talent flow. These findings can help policymakers formulate scientific and reasonable talent policies to promote the strategy of innovation-driven development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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16 pages, 5240 KiB  
Article
Urban Intensity in Theory and Practice: Empirical Determining Mechanism of Floor Area Ratio and Its Deviation from the Classic Location Theories in Beijing
by Qing Lu, Jing Ning, Hong You and Liyan Xu
Land 2023, 12(2), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020423 - 06 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Background: Classic locational principles predict a picture of urban intensity decaying from the city center to the periphery under ideal assumptions. However, various exogenous factors can influence the real-world urban intensity and often deviate from the theoretical pattern. The specific mechanisms are worthy [...] Read more.
Background: Classic locational principles predict a picture of urban intensity decaying from the city center to the periphery under ideal assumptions. However, various exogenous factors can influence the real-world urban intensity and often deviate from the theoretical pattern. The specific mechanisms are worthy of exploration and are of potential theoretical and practical significance. Methods: In this paper, we consider two city districts with typical urban locations, namely, Changping and Chaoyang in Beijing, and construct mechanistic models of the status quo urban intensity (floor area ratio, FAR) utilizing multisource spatiotemporal big data. We further compare these models with the “theoretically ideal” FAR patterns as would be predicted by applied locational theories. Results: We find that the status quo FAR distribution generally conforms to the theoretical predictions but still exhibits regional deviations that can be explained by historical inertia and influence from particular policies. Conclusion: We conclude this paper with discussions on the findings’ methodological and practical implications for urban planning institutions, especially in a transition economy context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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19 pages, 622 KiB  
Article
Spatial Justice and Residents’ Policy Acceptance: Evidence from Construction Land Reduction in Shanghai, China
by Keqiang Wang, Jianglin Lu, Hongmei Liu, Fang Ye, Fangbin Dong and Xiaodan Zhu
Land 2023, 12(2), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020300 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1266
Abstract
Nowadays, the contradiction between strict construction land supply restriction and excessive construction land demand is extremely prominent. Construction land reduction (CLR) is a policy innovation for economically developed regions designed to solve the tight constraints of the construction land quota as urban development [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the contradiction between strict construction land supply restriction and excessive construction land demand is extremely prominent. Construction land reduction (CLR) is a policy innovation for economically developed regions designed to solve the tight constraints of the construction land quota as urban development continues in China, however, it leads to a lack of spatial justice. In this study, we address a gap in land use regulation literature regarding regional economic development in fast-developing nations by presenting a quantitative investigation of spatial justice in Shanghai, China. We theoretically analyze the connotation of spatial justice in CLR and its influence on residents’ policy acceptance of CLR. Based on theoretical analysis and using household questionnaires from JJ Town in W District, Shanghai, China, we investigate how spatial justice affects residents’ policy acceptance of CLR through an ordered probit model. The results show that (1) spatial justice strengthens residents’ policy acceptance of CLR; (2) both policy familiarity and participation are important influencing factors that contribute to residents’ policy acceptance of CLR; (3) age, education, household income, the contracting land scale and household population structure also affect residents’ policy acceptance of CLR. (4) Robustness tests support the above findings. Thus, in the process of CLR, it is essential to fully consider the realization of spatial justice to ensure the development of remote suburbs, especially the regions experiencing a net reduction in their construction land. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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30 pages, 11556 KiB  
Article
Economic Growth Target, Government Expenditure Behavior, and Cities’ Ecological Efficiency—Evidence from 284 Cities in China
by Can Zhang, Tengfei Liu, Jixia Li, Mengzhi Xu, Xu Li and Huachun Wang
Land 2023, 12(1), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010182 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1359
Abstract
As a composite indicator that incorporates economic efficiency and environmental protection, ecological efficiency is a valuable tool for measuring regional green development and accelerating regional green transformation. As the economy transitions, Chinese economic growth targets affect local governments’ behaviors, thereby impacting ecological efficiency. [...] Read more.
As a composite indicator that incorporates economic efficiency and environmental protection, ecological efficiency is a valuable tool for measuring regional green development and accelerating regional green transformation. As the economy transitions, Chinese economic growth targets affect local governments’ behaviors, thereby impacting ecological efficiency. In this study, the ecological efficiency level of 284 cities in China was measured using the EBM-DEA method from 2007 to 2019, and the spatial exploration analysis method and the dynamic double fixed effect spatial Durbin model were applied to analyze urban ecological efficiency’s spatial correlations, impacts, and mechanisms. The conclusions are as follows: China’s urban ecological efficiency has increased over time. At the spatial level, it shows the distribution characteristics of east > northeast > middle > west. In terms of spatial agglomeration, there are typically spatial agglomerations, high–high agglomerations, and low–low agglomerations in Chinese cities’ ecological efficiency. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth target and ecological efficiency. According to regional differences, the economic growth target in the eastern region has a U-shaped impact on ecological efficiency, while in the central, northeast, and western cities they have an inverted U-shaped effect on ecological efficiency. In terms of the impact mechanism, through the intermediary effect test, it is found that appropriate economic growth target setting can promote the proportion of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure and fiscal science and technology expenditure. Excessive economic growth target setting can inhibit the proportion of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure and fiscal science and technology expenditure. The proportion of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure and fiscal science and technology expenditure can promote ecological efficiency. The enlightenment is as follows: China should weaken the economic growth target in official promotion assessment, set differentiated economic growth targets for different regions, and increase the proportion of energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure and fiscal science and technology expenditure to promote ecological efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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21 pages, 15247 KiB  
Article
Spatial Impact of Government Venture Capital on Urbanization and Its Path—Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China
by Qilin Cao, Anhong Hou, Xiang Li and Chunxue Jiang
Land 2023, 12(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010053 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Despite being the world’s largest developing country and experiencing rapid economic growth, China’s urbanization process lags behind the global standard. The comprehensive promotion of urbanization development is a critical issue for the Chinese government, with government venture capital playing a significant role in [...] Read more.
Despite being the world’s largest developing country and experiencing rapid economic growth, China’s urbanization process lags behind the global standard. The comprehensive promotion of urbanization development is a critical issue for the Chinese government, with government venture capital playing a significant role in promoting regional economic development. Using urbanization dimension levels extracted through factor analysis, this study analyzes the impact of government venture capital on the urbanization development of the Yangtze River Delta region of China and explores its path to determine its spatial spillover effect on surrounding areas. The results show that government venture capital funds can significantly promote urbanization development in this region, primarily by influencing the residents’ standard of living and urban construction levels. In addition, the spatial spillover effect of urbanization can be realized through the promotion of the urban construction level and the ecological health level of surrounding areas. While previous literature has examined government venture capital from multiple perspectives and dimensions, few scholars have investigated the impact of government venture capital on the critical issue of urbanization development. This study fills that research gap and serves as a reference for the Chinese government to promote high−quality urbanization development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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15 pages, 1478 KiB  
Article
Spatial–Temporal Evolution Patterns and Influencing Factors of China’s Urban Housing Price-to-Income Ratio
by Wei Hu, Shanggang Yin and Haibo Gong
Land 2022, 11(12), 2224; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122224 - 07 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1914
Abstract
The housing price-to-income ratio (PIR) is an important indicator for measuring the health of the real estate market and detecting residents’ housing affordability. Including data of 336 cities in China from 2009 to 2020 as the research unit, the PIR’s spatial and temporal [...] Read more.
The housing price-to-income ratio (PIR) is an important indicator for measuring the health of the real estate market and detecting residents’ housing affordability. Including data of 336 cities in China from 2009 to 2020 as the research unit, the PIR’s spatial and temporal evolution characteristics are explored by using the urban rank-size rule and Markov chain, and its influencing factors are explored using the random forest model. The results show the following: (1) The PIR is in a normal distribution pattern, and there was a significant positive spatial correlation, which tended to increase. (2) Spatially, the PIR shows an overall distribution trend of “high in the east and low in the west”, and a rising trend of fluctuation is shown in the average PIR. (3) The PIR’s time evolution has high stability. China’s urban PIR is primarily the stable type from 2009 to 2015 and mainly the upward transfer type from 2015 to 2020. (4) The influence of economic, demographic, social, and expected factors on the PIR decreases, among which real estate investment density, industrial structure level, residents’ consumption level, and real estate activity are the dominant factors enhancing trends and showing a complex nonlinear relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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15 pages, 2573 KiB  
Article
A Framework for Analyzing the Family Urbanization of China from a “Culture–Institution” Perspective
by Leizhou Zhu and Yaping Huang
Land 2022, 11(12), 2167; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122167 - 30 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1403
Abstract
There is a growing number of studies on the phenomenon of urbanization and family migration in China, but there is a lack of corresponding underlying logical constructs to explain the underlying patterns of the phenomenon. Based on the development of Western urbanization theories, [...] Read more.
There is a growing number of studies on the phenomenon of urbanization and family migration in China, but there is a lack of corresponding underlying logical constructs to explain the underlying patterns of the phenomenon. Based on the development of Western urbanization theories, it is proposed that the traditional urbanization theories, which are purely based on economic dynamics, are insufficient to explain the characteristic patterns of Chinese household urbanization, and traditional urbanization theories usually ignore the role of Chinese family-oriented cultural concepts. Through a theoretical review and a summary of the characteristics of the phenomenon, we propose an analytical framework based on “culture–institution”, in which the cultural and ethical concepts represented by family orientation and intergenerational upbringing are the ideological basis of family urbanization. In this process, China’s household registration system and land system have resulted in the coexistence of multiple stages of urbanization, such as moving to the city, moving to the city in stages, and moving back to the city. The purposes of this study are to explain the phenomenon of Chinese family urbanization by constructing a “culture–institution” framework and to expand the relevant content of China’s theoretical urbanization system. A deep understanding of family urbanization with Chinese characteristics is important for the steady promotion of new urbanization in the new era. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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17 pages, 1745 KiB  
Article
The Formation of a Polycentric City in Transitional China in a Three-Level Analysis Framework: The Case Study of Hangzhou
by Liang Zhang, Xianfan Shu and Jiaojiao Luo
Land 2022, 11(11), 2054; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112054 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1464
Abstract
Given cities’ different development backgrounds, the spatial evolution of each city has a path-dependent development track. Understanding the characteristics of urban spatial structure evolution in contemporary China is essential for sustainable urban development. By establishing a theoretical framework comprising a macro-background, planning tool, [...] Read more.
Given cities’ different development backgrounds, the spatial evolution of each city has a path-dependent development track. Understanding the characteristics of urban spatial structure evolution in contemporary China is essential for sustainable urban development. By establishing a theoretical framework comprising a macro-background, planning tool, and resource allocation, this paper takes Hangzhou as an example to analyze the evolutionary process of the polycentric spatial structure and reveal the formation characteristics of its polycentric urban spatial form. The results show that (1) its institutional background and planning tools are the driving forces behind the formation of the polycentric structure in Hangzhou, i.e., the evolution of the polycentric structure mainly relies on planning guidance and government forces rather than being market-driven. (2) Under the government-led mode of polycentric formation, urban elements, such as education, medical care, transportation, and green space, are still concentrated in the main urban center, while subcenters lack the necessary public facilities and are underdeveloped. (3) The spatial distribution of the population and nightlights also shows the trend of diminishing concentric circles with the main center at the core. Therefore, it is impossible to implement polycentric cities by decentralizing the population and industries alone. The comprehensive consideration of capital investment, production services, and the supply of life service facilities is also required. This empirical study can complement empirical evidence in order to verify the validity of polycentrism as a potential solution that can alleviate the sprawl of central urban areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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14 pages, 271 KiB  
Article
City Size and Household Consumption in China
by Chengri Ding and Zhi Li
Land 2022, 11(11), 2027; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112027 - 12 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Agglomeration and dispersion forces fundamentally determine urban and regional development. While traditional views on agglomeration forces are primarily from a production perspective, the growing literature focuses on the consumption perspective and suggests that larger cities may generate better consumption amenities. This paper joins [...] Read more.
Agglomeration and dispersion forces fundamentally determine urban and regional development. While traditional views on agglomeration forces are primarily from a production perspective, the growing literature focuses on the consumption perspective and suggests that larger cities may generate better consumption amenities. This paper joins the discussion by examining whether and to what extent city size increases household expenditure on such non-tradable goods and services, as restaurants, entertainment, health and fitness, housekeeping services and clothes. We hypothesize that city size raises the marginal utility of these consumers by increasing the variety of their products or services, supporting certain sectors that have substantial scale economies, or expanding the number of their specialized retail stores, so that households in larger cities want to spend more on these items. The data we use are from the China Household Finance Survey that documents the income, expenditure and demographic information of more than 8000 households from 85 cities in 2011, 2013 and 2015. Our results indicate that city size significantly raises household expenditure on restaurants, entertainment and health and fitness. These sectors have either quite differentiated products or services, or significant fixed costs, so that they rely heavily on scale economies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
19 pages, 4158 KiB  
Article
Is Urban and Rural Construction Land Quota Trading “Chicken Ribs”? An Empirical Study on Chongqing, China
by Xiaojing Liu, Xiao Zhang, Mingsheng Wang and Zhongxing Guo
Land 2022, 11(11), 1977; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11111977 - 04 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1115
Abstract
Promoting market-oriented allocation of land has great significance in building a new pattern for high-quality development. As a market-oriented land allocation tool, land quota trading between urban and rural areas promotes spatial efficiency dynamically. In order to identify the contribution of land quota [...] Read more.
Promoting market-oriented allocation of land has great significance in building a new pattern for high-quality development. As a market-oriented land allocation tool, land quota trading between urban and rural areas promotes spatial efficiency dynamically. In order to identify the contribution of land quota trading to economic efficiency, this paper uses a synthetic control method to evaluate the effect based on the practice of Chongqing, China. This study found that with the implementation of the land quota trading (LQT) program, the value of Chongqing’s economic output was 11.12% higher than the synthetic value, which indicates that the LQT program improved the spatial efficiency of land allocation, and eventually promoted economic growth. We suggest actively promoting land quota trading within and across provinces, and gradually deepening market-oriented reform in China’s construction land administration system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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20 pages, 1098 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Urban Construction Land in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei under Carbon Emission Constraints
by Xia Zhou and Fengyu Cao
Land 2022, 11(11), 1926; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11111926 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1229
Abstract
This paper explores the spatial and temporal variability and changes in characteristics of the economic efficiency of urban construction land (EEUCL) in 14 administrative regions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration from 2002 to 2019, based on the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model and Malmquist [...] Read more.
This paper explores the spatial and temporal variability and changes in characteristics of the economic efficiency of urban construction land (EEUCL) in 14 administrative regions in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration from 2002 to 2019, based on the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model and Malmquist index, using carbon emissions as the non-desired output. On this basis, the Tobit model is used to study the role of nine external environmental factors, such as the level of socioeconomic development and industrial structure, in influencing the EEUCL. The results indicate that (1) carbon emissions from urban construction land in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei have all reached their peak, and the growth rate has slowed down significantly in the past two years, although there has been a slight rebound; (2) from the 10th Five-Year Plan period to the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Beijing has maintained a high level of EEUCL and the trend is slowly increasing. However, the EEUCL values of Tianjin and Hebei are gradually declining; (3) the socio-economic development level, industrial structure, and green economy development level have a significant positive impact on the EEUCL in the BTH region, while the urban scale, scientific and technical support intensity, outward opening level and population density have significant negative effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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20 pages, 2279 KiB  
Article
The Population Flow under Regional Cooperation of “City-Helps-City”: The Case of Mountain-Sea Project in Zhejiang
by Yuanshuo Xu, Yiwen Zhu, Yan Wu, Xiaoliang Wang and Weiwen Zhang
Land 2022, 11(10), 1816; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101816 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
Regional cooperation has been increasingly recognized as indispensable in promoting coordinated regional development in China’s new urbanization. The “city-helps-city” cooperation arises as an important type of regional approach to reduce regional inequalities. This study focuses on the “city-helps-city” cooperation of the Mountain-Sea Cooperation [...] Read more.
Regional cooperation has been increasingly recognized as indispensable in promoting coordinated regional development in China’s new urbanization. The “city-helps-city” cooperation arises as an important type of regional approach to reduce regional inequalities. This study focuses on the “city-helps-city” cooperation of the Mountain-Sea Cooperation Project in Zhejiang province and aims to examine how this type of cooperation affects the interjurisdictional linkages of backward places. First, based on the cellphone signaling data from China Mobile and social network analysis, we capture the interjurisdictional linkages represented by the population flow between poverty counties and other municipalities as our dependent variables, which are expected to be stimulated by the regional cooperation of Mountain-Sea projects. Second, through text semantic analysis on the news data of Mountain-Sea cooperation, we further identify three measures of cooperation, including the diversity of cooperation fields, the intensity of different cooperation focuses, and the legitimacy of cooperation as our main explanatory variables. Last, we run regression models to show differentiated impacts of cooperation diversity, intensity, and legitimacy on the linkages between poverty counties and developed places. The findings interrogate whether and how Mountain-Sea cooperation effectively engages backward localities in the regional network of economic production, social affairs, and institutional arrangements to enhance their linkages with other places. This study not only contributes to theoretical and empirical understandings of the state-driven “city-helps-city” cooperation as the new regional institution in transitional China, but also attempts to provide policy implications on reducing regional inequalities from the perspective of intercity cooperation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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20 pages, 4962 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Development Zones on Economic Growth in Less Developed Regions: Evidence from Guangxi, China
by Lanzhuang Xu, Hu Xue and Qianrong Wu
Land 2022, 11(10), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101658 - 26 Sep 2022
Viewed by 2139
Abstract
The development zone is an important institutional form of industrial spatial organization in China’s economic transformation and is an essential growth pole of urban economic development. Based on the county-level panel data of Guangxi from 2005 to 2017, this study contributes to the [...] Read more.
The development zone is an important institutional form of industrial spatial organization in China’s economic transformation and is an essential growth pole of urban economic development. Based on the county-level panel data of Guangxi from 2005 to 2017, this study contributes to the discussion by exploring the effects of development zones on economic development in developed regions. Additionally, this study further attempts to illustrate the character of the agglomeration effect built on development zones and try to reveal the significant influence factors of the effect of development zones on the economy. Through the progressive difference-in-difference (DID) model approach, empirical results reveal that the development zone has a negative effect on the local economy within three years after its establishment, and the “development zone fever” significantly reduces the potential for regional economic growth. With the decrease in the established frequency of development zones, the effect of the development zone on economic growth becomes positive. However, this promoting effect is unsustainable because the agglomeration effect of development zones is mainly caused by the “clusters of enterprises”. Certain industrial agglomeration and technological capabilities are essential prerequisites for development zones to promote economic growth, while the negative impact appears in a highly competitive environment caused by excessive government intervention. Therefore, the key to maintaining the sustainability of development zones’ competition is to strengthen the assessment standard of survival of the fittest for enterprises, and promote the agglomeration of high-end industries by improving the selection effect of development zones. These findings have great potential in policy making and can be used as a resource by policymakers to promote the sustainable development of less developed regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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18 pages, 2542 KiB  
Article
Endogenous Land Supply Policy, Economic Fluctuations and Social Welfare Analysis in China
by Yiyao He
Land 2022, 11(9), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091542 - 12 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1207
Abstract
Motivated by the observation that land supplied by the Chinese government is highly counter-cyclical with GDP fluctuations, this paper constructs a DSGE model to study the relationship between China’s land supply policy and economic fluctuations, and further evaluate the welfare effects. By way [...] Read more.
Motivated by the observation that land supplied by the Chinese government is highly counter-cyclical with GDP fluctuations, this paper constructs a DSGE model to study the relationship between China’s land supply policy and economic fluctuations, and further evaluate the welfare effects. By way of counterfactual exercises, this paper finds that endogenous land supply policy has “direct effect (production input channel)” and “indirect effect (intermediate goods channel)” on GDP fluctuations, and both tend to dampen economic fluctuations in China’s macroeconomy. Specifically, GDP fluctuations increase by 63.35% without the “indirect effect”, increase by 66.75% without the “direct effect”, and increase by 66.79% without both effects. In addition, endogenous land supply policy can increase social welfare by about 1.38%. Verifying by the stylized facts in China, this paper argues that endogenous land supply is an efficient macro-control policy to smooth the economy and increase social welfare. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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18 pages, 1085 KiB  
Article
The Local Land Finance Transformation with the Synergy of Increment and Inventory: A Case Study in China
by Yuzhe Wu, Huiqiong Zhu and Sheng Zheng
Land 2022, 11(9), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091529 - 10 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
Since 1998, the land finance model based on residential and commercial land transfer revenue has played an important role in Chinese social and economic growth, especially in urban infrastructure construction. With China’s population peak and stable urbanization, the “incremental” land-transfer-heavy development paradigm is [...] Read more.
Since 1998, the land finance model based on residential and commercial land transfer revenue has played an important role in Chinese social and economic growth, especially in urban infrastructure construction. With China’s population peak and stable urbanization, the “incremental” land-transfer-heavy development paradigm is unsustainable. At the same time, as a developing country, local governments in China must have enough fiscal revenue to encourage high-quality growth. The transformation of land finance is a practical issue that needs to be explored urgently. This article, which was based on the local government financial balance theory, proposed supporting the optimization of the land finance incremental model with the reform of the property tax system. A local land finance transformation mechanism with increment and inventory synergy was then created. Specifically, to avoid a cliff-like fall in the local government’s land-transfer fee, it was proposed that the land-transfer fee change from the original collection, from ordinary commercial housing to improved housing. The property tax should be levied on the second set of ordinary commercial housing to obtain fiscal revenue from the “inventory”. Concurrently, the fiscal money from property taxes could be utilized to build cheap rental housing or to support housing vouchers for new urban residents and young people. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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22 pages, 817 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Talent War on Urban Innovation in China: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
by Xiaoli Shi, Ying Chen, Menghan Xia and Yongli Zhang
Land 2022, 11(9), 1485; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091485 - 05 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2171
Abstract
Talent is an important strategic resource for regional economic development. Based on the background of “the talent war” that has broken out between various cities in recent years, this study empirically verified the influence of the talent policy on urban innovation in 277 [...] Read more.
Talent is an important strategic resource for regional economic development. Based on the background of “the talent war” that has broken out between various cities in recent years, this study empirically verified the influence of the talent policy on urban innovation in 277 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019 using the multi-period difference-in-differences model. The results indicated that “the talent war” caused by the talent policy has positively influenced urban innovation, causing, for instance, a dramatic increase in the number of patents for inventions. Among the subsidy methods of “the talent war” policy, the employment and entrepreneurship subsidy had the greatest incentive effect on urban innovation, followed by the talent housing subsidy. Moreover, the “the talent war” policy exerted a positive impact on urban innovation by improving the innovation willingness of cities and the level of talent gathering. At present, “the talent war” cities have, to a certain extent, restrained the improvement of urban innovation in neighboring cities because of the siphon effect, resulting in the division of the regional labor market. A heterogeneity analysis showed that “the talent war” has significantly promoted substantive innovation and the development of coastal cities with a better business environment and a higher degree of intellectual property protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urbanization and City Development in China's Transition)
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