Research

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19 pages, 2416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urban Tourism Perception and Recommendation in Mexico City and Lima

by Otto Regalado-Pezúa, Gabriela Sirkis, Orly Carvache-Franco, Mauricio Carvache-Franco and Wilmer Carvache-Franco

Land 2022, 11(11), 2021; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112021 - 11 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2388

Abstract

Mexico City and Lima both have great cultural and historical value as they developed close to major pre-Columbian civilizations. When comparing their urban attractiveness factors, they present differences and similarities that need to be understood at a theoretical level. The study has practical [...] Read more.

Mexico City and Lima both have great cultural and historical value as they developed close to major pre-Columbian civilizations. When comparing their urban attractiveness factors, they present differences and similarities that need to be understood at a theoretical level. The study has practical implications as tourism officials and managers in each of these two cities can draw inspiration from the best practices of the other city. The method is quantitative, and the exploratory factorial analysis technique was used to reduce the variables in a group of factors. The results indicate that the different aspects of the cities’ tourism attractiveness can be categorized into four factors: the nucleus, the tourist ecosystem, MICE & shows, and related services. A comparison of the two cities’ Kruskal–Wallis test scores shows significant differences in terms of three variables: monuments and historic sites, museums and art galleries, and shops and commercial services. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

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14 pages, 716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Satisfaction Factors That Predict Loyalty in Ecotourism: A Study of Foreign Tourism in Costa Rica

by Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Wilmer Carvache-Franco, Allan Pérez-Orozco, Ana Gabriela Víquez-Paniagua and Orly Carvache-Franco

Land 2022, 11(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010125 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4113

Abstract

Recently, foreign tourists have revealed a growing interest for natural environment enjoyment. This study aimed to: (a) identify the service satisfaction factors and (b) analyze the influence that satisfaction factors exert on the loyalty of ecotourists. The empirical analysis was carried out in [...] Read more.

Recently, foreign tourists have revealed a growing interest for natural environment enjoyment. This study aimed to: (a) identify the service satisfaction factors and (b) analyze the influence that satisfaction factors exert on the loyalty of ecotourists. The empirical analysis was carried out in Arenal National Park and Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica, a country with international prominence in ecotourism due to the wealth of resources in its protected areas. A factorial analysis and the stepwise multiple regression method were performed for the data analysis of 246 surveys made in situ. Results show three satisfaction factors in ecotourism: “nature and culture”, “infrastructure”, and “service”, where “nature and culture” was the most influential predictor of tourists’ loyalty. The study also found a positive correlation between satisfaction and loyalty in ecotourism. This research will provide relevant insights to public institutions and private companies efficient planning and benefit the community and protected areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

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20 pages, 1941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Challenges for European Tourist-City-Ports: Strategies for a Sustainable Coexistence in the Cruise Post-COVID Context

by María J. Andrade, João Pedro Costa and Eduardo Jiménez-Morales

Land 2021, 10(11), 1269; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111269 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3634

Abstract

In recent years, cruise tourism has increased the negative effects caused by touristification in many European port cities. Despite this, these cities are in a great competition to be a destination, a tourist-port. Cruise tourism has come to stay, and a steady growth [...] Read more.

In recent years, cruise tourism has increased the negative effects caused by touristification in many European port cities. Despite this, these cities are in a great competition to be a destination, a tourist-port. Cruise tourism has come to stay, and a steady growth can be expected in a post-COVID-19 scenario, but at what cost? The tourist-port demands highly effective planning answers occurring simultaneously, and the global pandemic crisis provides a buffer of time to seek best practices, combining the expected economical (re)development with social, environmental, and cultural sustainability. This paper proposes five different strategies that contribute to finding a sustainable coexistence between tourist ports and their cities. To this end, trans-scalar strategies developed in previous research from different disciplines have been studied and categorized in a port-city context, in order to provide a holistic viewpoint on the measures carried out to maximize the benefits and limit the negative impacts of cruise tourism on cities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

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16 pages, 1145 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Applying Social Networks in the Management of Sustainable Tourist Destinations: An Analysis of Spanish Tourist Destinations

by Adolfo Elizondo Saltos, David Flores-Ruiz and María de la O Barroso González

Land 2021, 10(11), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111142 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1941

Abstract

In this study, the presence and management of the social networks of 78 tourist destinations were analyzed for the development of sustainable tourism, with particular attention being paid to Spanish smart destinations. The variables for the empirical analysis were determined from a literature [...] Read more.

In this study, the presence and management of the social networks of 78 tourist destinations were analyzed for the development of sustainable tourism, with particular attention being paid to Spanish smart destinations. The variables for the empirical analysis were determined from a literature review, and it was concluded from a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and an analysis of variance, that although the presence of tourist destinations on the internet and on social networks was notable, their management was inadequate for the development of sustainable tourist destinations. It was shown that there is a direct relationship between the number of visitors at a tourist destination and its presence on social networks. However, our analyses found that this correlation was not related to social network management; a greater number of visitors were not related to the effective management of social networks. It was concluded that smart destinations, despite having a technological advantage, did not stand out for their presence and management on social networks. The manuscript ends with some recommendations for the future Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

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15 pages, 2624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Perceived Value and Future Behavioral Intentions in Ecotourism: A Study in the Mediterranean Natural Parks from Spain

by Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Conrado Carrascosa-López and Wilmer Carvache-Franco

Land 2021, 10(11), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111133 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2106

Abstract

Ecotourism is becoming increasingly important in natural parks because it raises the value of the environment for the visitor. The present study aimed to (i) establish the factors of the perceived value in ecotourism and (ii) analyze the predictive relationships of the dimensions [...] Read more.

Ecotourism is becoming increasingly important in natural parks because it raises the value of the environment for the visitor. The present study aimed to (i) establish the factors of the perceived value in ecotourism and (ii) analyze the predictive relationships of the dimensions of the perceived value with the satisfaction and loyalty of ecotourists. The study was carried out in the Albufera Natural Park and the Serranía de Cuenca Natural Park, two protected areas in the Mediterranean area of Spain. The sample collected in situ consisted of 349 valid questionnaires. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multiple regression techniques were performed for data analysis. The results established three dimensions in the perceived value: functional and emotional, economic, and social, being the “functional and emotional” value the most significant predictor of satisfaction and loyalty of ecotourists. The findings will allow institutions to have a management guide for protected areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

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16 pages, 324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Segmentation of Foreign Tourists Based on Emotional Perception—The Case of Granada, Spain

by José Valverde-Roda, Miguel Ángel Solano-Sánchez, Minerva Aguilar-Rivero and Gema Gomez-Casero

Land 2021, 10(9), 965; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090965 - 12 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1837

Abstract

The aim of the present research was to present the typologies of foreign tourists in the city of Granada, Spain, based on their emotional perception and interest in culture using different fieldwork methods. The main obtained results determine four segments of tourists: cultural, [...] Read more.

The aim of the present research was to present the typologies of foreign tourists in the city of Granada, Spain, based on their emotional perception and interest in culture using different fieldwork methods. The main obtained results determine four segments of tourists: cultural, alternative, heritage, and emotional. The results also show that, in addition to cultural reasons, tourists presented other types of attractions that encouraged them to visit the city. Regarding the satisfaction variable, the obtained results show that satisfaction increased when cultural reasons had a strong influence on the tourists’ choice of destination. This research contributes to identifying the characteristics of the different visitor segments, with the aim of designing tourist and cultural products that can more efficiently satisfy their needs. This will have a positive impact on the economic development of the city of Granada with an increase in tourist spending, which will lead to an increase in employment and urban development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

19 pages, 2228 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wealth of Wind and Visitors: Tourist Industry Attitudes towards Wind Energy Development in Iceland

by Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, Margrét Wendt and Edita Tverijonaite

Land 2021, 10(7), 693; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10070693 - 30 Jun 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5042

Abstract

The interest in harnessing wind energy keeps increasing globally. Iceland is considering building its first wind farms, but its landscape and nature are not only a resource for renewable energy production; they are also the main attraction for tourists. As wind turbines affect [...] Read more.

The interest in harnessing wind energy keeps increasing globally. Iceland is considering building its first wind farms, but its landscape and nature are not only a resource for renewable energy production; they are also the main attraction for tourists. As wind turbines affect how the landscape is perceived and experienced, it is foreseeable that the construction of wind farms in Iceland will create land use conflicts between the energy sector and the tourism industry. This study sheds light on the impacts of wind farms on nature-based tourism as perceived by the tourism industry. Based on 47 semi-structured interviews with tourism service providers, it revealed that the impacts were perceived as mostly negative, since wind farms decrease the quality of the natural landscape. Furthermore, the study identified that the tourism industry considered the following as key factors for selecting suitable wind farm sites: the visibility of wind turbines, the number of tourists and tourist attractions in the area, the area’s degree of naturalness and the local need for energy. The research highlights the importance of analysing the various stakeholders’ opinions with the aim of mitigating land use conflicts and socioeconomic issues related to wind energy development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

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Review

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14 pages, 971 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Research on Tourism, Indigenous Peoples and Economic Development: A Missing Component

by Richard Butler

Land 2021, 10(12), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121329 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5829

Abstract

Indigenous tourism is a term commonly used to describe tourism that involves indigenous peoples or first nations in tourism. In recent years, research attention on this topic has broadened and expanded greatly, reflecting both increased involvement of indigenous peoples and their more active [...] Read more.

Indigenous tourism is a term commonly used to describe tourism that involves indigenous peoples or first nations in tourism. In recent years, research attention on this topic has broadened and expanded greatly, reflecting both increased involvement of indigenous peoples and their more active participation in controlling and utilising a widening range of tourism and economic development. This more active participation has taken tourism beyond its traditional role as a limited source of employment and economic development to a stage at which tourism is being utilised as an agent to improve the indigenous political position with respect to controlling a wider range of development and strengthening regional and national identities. The paper briefly reviews research on indigenous tourism over the past half-century, noting the increase in volume and the changing nature and role of research on tourism involving indigenous peoples, but also longstanding neglect of some elements of economic development, which are discussed in more detail It also explores current and likely future issues needing research attention in the light of changing motivations for participation in indigenous tourism, and the spread of indigenous tourism beyond traditional areas into activities more associated with metropolitan and mass tourist markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Employment in Urban Development)

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