Editorial

4 pages, 186 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Perspectives and Advancements on “Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World”

by Giuseppe Pulighe

Land 2022, 11(12), 2108; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122108 - 23 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1062

It is increasingly recognized that land use and land cover changes driven by anthropogenic pressures are increasingly impacting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and their services, human society, and human livelihoods and well-being [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

10 pages, 2730 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An International Library for Land Cover Legends: The Land Cover Legend Registry

by Fatima Mushtaq, Matieu Henry, C. Douglas O’Brien, Antonio Di Gregorio, Rashed Jalal, John Latham, Douglas Muchoney, Chris T. Hill, Nicola Mosca, Michael Golmame Tefera, Karl Morteo, Gianluca Franceschini, Amit Ghosh, Elisee Tchana and Zhongxin Chen

Land 2022, 11(7), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071083 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2193

Abstract

Information on land cover is vital to numerous United Nations (UN) missions, including achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Because land cover data are developed by a variety of organizations for a range of objectives, they are based on different classification schemes and [...] Read more.

Information on land cover is vital to numerous United Nations (UN) missions, including achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Because land cover data are developed by a variety of organizations for a range of objectives, they are based on different classification schemes and have discrepancies. In addition, the sustainability for land cover is hampered by limited access to information and documentation. Accordingly, international standards for land cover are developed to improve interoperability between different land cover datasets. However, the use and development of land cover datasets are limited by various factors including availability of properly documented land cover legends in support of different applications including change assessment, comparison, and international reporting. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of land cover in achieving several goals and to introduce the first international platform for land cover legend, named Land Cover Legend Registry (LCLR). This registry is a contribution to the international land cover community and the UN in effort to promote and support data harmonization processes and interoperability from local to global level, and vice versa. Users can not only use the registry for preparing consistent datasets, but also contribute to it by providing the latest data to ensure the long-term availability of both updated and existing datasets around the world. Moreover, building on the experience developing land cover legends with different nations, a brief explanation on the preparation of legends is also provided. Additionally, it is more important than ever to develop land cover registers to support the use, expansion, integration, and use uptake of land cover data, particularly for innovative remote sensing, machine learning, and information and communication technologies and techniques that build on existing and national contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 3926 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring Net Land Take: Is Mainland Portugal on Track to Meet the 2050 Target?

by Rita Nicolau and Beatriz Condessa

Land 2022, 11(7), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071005 - 01 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1947

Abstract

This study discusses the situation of mainland Portugal concerning the achievement of the European “no net land take” target by 2050. This target aims to curb land take by increasing the recycling of developed land and offsetting the consumption of undeveloped land by [...] Read more.

This study discusses the situation of mainland Portugal concerning the achievement of the European “no net land take” target by 2050. This target aims to curb land take by increasing the recycling of developed land and offsetting the consumption of undeveloped land by re-naturalizing an equivalent area of artificial land. Setting targets and interventions in each country to reach this goal requires monitoring land take, developed land recycling, and re-naturalization. This study assesses these processes in mainland Portugal, by NUTS III regions, for the first time, analyzing the land cover/land use changes that occurred between 2007 and 2018. In this period, the land take rate in mainland Portugal amounted to 7.2 ha/day. Re-naturalization and recycling of developed land were 1.0 and 0.2 ha/day, respectively, showing the shortage of their practices on the mainland. During said period, mainland Portugal and most of its regions experienced a reduction in population and an increase in artificial land, revealing low efficiency in urban land use. Since Portuguese legislation does not mention the European target, we believe that most decision-makers are unaware of it or have little knowledge of the practices that can contribute to its fulfillment. In this regard, the study aims to raise awareness among policymakers and public authorities about the need to limit, mitigate, and compensate for land take and to set land take targets for different levels of action. In addition, it describes how some European countries and regions are evaluating the same processes and approaching the goal under consideration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1647 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Modeling of Land Use and Coverage Changes in the Dryland Pernambuco, Brazil

by Cinthia Pereira de Oliveira, Robson Borges de Lima, Francisco Tarcísio Alves Junior, Mayara Maria de Lima Pessoa, Anderson Francisco da Silva, Nattan Adler Tavares dos Santos, Iran Jorge Corrêa Lopes, Cybelle Laís Souto-Maior Sales de Melo, Emanuel Araújo Silva, José Antônio Aleixo da Silva and Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira

Land 2022, 11(7), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11070998 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2007

Abstract

The objective of this work was to carry out a multitemporal analysis of changes in land use and land cover in the municipality of Floresta, Pernambuco State in Brazil. Landsat images were used in the years 1985, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, [...] Read more.

The objective of this work was to carry out a multitemporal analysis of changes in land use and land cover in the municipality of Floresta, Pernambuco State in Brazil. Landsat images were used in the years 1985, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2014, and 2019, and the classes were broken down into areas: water, exposed soil, agriculture, and forestry, and using the Bhattacharya classifier, the classification was carried out for generating land use maps. The data was validated by the Kappa index and points collected in the field, and the projection of the dynamics of use for 2024 was constructed. The thematic maps of land use and coverage from 1985 to 2019 show more significant changes in the forest and exposed soil classes. The increase in the forest class and the consequent reduction in exposed soil are consequences of the interaction between climate and human activities and the quality of the spatial resolution of the satellite images used between the years analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 6406 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Landscapes in the UK Driven by Pressures from Energy Production and Forestry—Results of the CORINE Land Cover Map 2018

by Beth Cole, Geoff Smith, Bestabé de la Barreda-Bautista, Alexandra Hamer, Matthew Payne, Thomas Codd, Sarah C. M. Johnson, Lok Yung Chan and Heiko Balzter

Land 2022, 11(2), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020192 - 26 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4549

Abstract

The CORINE Land Cover (CLC) map was established in 1985 and is now one of the most widely used products from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. As the world’s longest consistent operational land cover monitoring product, CLC maps have been produced for reference [...] Read more.

The CORINE Land Cover (CLC) map was established in 1985 and is now one of the most widely used products from the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. As the world’s longest consistent operational land cover monitoring product, CLC maps have been produced for reference years 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and now for 2018. This paper presents the results from the CLC2018 mapping project in the UK and analyses the results of the land cover status layer and the change layer from the period 2012–2018. It sets this change in context with the change results from the period 2006–2012 and finds that the rate of change between the subsequent CORINE land cover maps is continuing to increase. Changes mapped for the period 2012–2018 covered 76,032 ha greater than the change mapped between 2006 and 2012, an increase of 26% of mapped change. The area of changes mapped covered an area equivalent to 1.16% of the total land area of the UK. The number of different types of changes also continue to diversify; however, the dominance of rotational forestry is consistent with the previous map. The process of urban land take has been highlighted in the results between 2012 and 2018 and is a trend identified in previous iterations of the CLC inventories. The largest gain is in industrial or commercial units (an increase of 14.4%). This growth is mainly attributed to renewable energy infrastructure. As well as the descriptive analysis, the results have been analysed to identify the likely pressures being experienced on the land in the UK. Although the CLC mapping approach is consistent, there have been improvements to the input EO data used to map the changes. For 2018, the Copernicus Sentinel-2 system offered a consistent and reliable image source for the first time. This increased the spatial resolution of the source datasets to 10 m, allowing for more accurate identification of small features and those with fine spatial textures such as suburban, road networks and windfarms. We also look forward to the development of CLC+, the new generation of CORINE land mapping, and the improvements it could make. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 11115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Historical Changes and Future Trajectories of Deforestation in the Ituri-Epulu-Aru Landscape (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

by Joël Masimo Kabuanga, Onésime Mubenga Kankonda, Mehdi Saqalli, Nicolas Maestripieri, Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh, Jean-Pierre Mate Mweru, Aimé Balimbaki Liama, Radar Nishuli and Landing Mané

Land 2021, 10(10), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101042 - 03 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4194

Abstract

The Ituri-Epulu-Aru landscape (IEAL) is experiencing deforestation and forest degradation. This deforestation is at the root of many environmental disturbances in a region characterized by endemism in biodiversity. The importance of this article is to provide useful information for those who wish to [...] Read more.

The Ituri-Epulu-Aru landscape (IEAL) is experiencing deforestation and forest degradation. This deforestation is at the root of many environmental disturbances in a region characterized by endemism in biodiversity. The importance of this article is to provide useful information for those who wish to discuss a model that can be replicated for other territories affected by deforestation and changes in natural and anthropogenic forest structure. This article focuses on the triangulation of spatialized prospective scenarios in order to identify future trajectories based on the knowledge of historical dynamics through the diachronic analysis of three satellite images (2003–2010–2014–2016). The scenarios were designed in a supervised model implemented in the DINAMICA EGO platform. The three scenarios: business as-usual (BAU), rapid economic growth (REG) and sustainable management of the environment (SME), extrapolating current trends, show that by 2061 this landscape will always be dominated forests (+84%). Old-growth forests occupy 74.2% of the landscape area in the BAU scenario, 81.4% in the SEM scenario and 61.2% in the REG scenario. The SEM scenario gives hope that restoration and preservation of biodiversity priority habitats is still possible if policy makers become aware of it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 8747 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urban Type Classification and Characteristic Analysis through Time-Series Environmental Changes for Land Use Management for 31 Satellite Cities around Seoul, South Korea

by Jin-Hyo Kim, Oh-Sung Kwon and Jung-Hwa Ra

Land 2021, 10(8), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080799 - 29 Jul 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4202

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to determine changes in land coverage for 31 satellite cities surrounding Seoul and changes in values of MSPA (Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis) for a time period of about 30 years (from 1988 to 2018). Cities that [...] Read more.

The objective of the present study was to determine changes in land coverage for 31 satellite cities surrounding Seoul and changes in values of MSPA (Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis) for a time period of about 30 years (from 1988 to 2018). Cities that showed similar environmental changes were grouped utilizing a hierarchical cluster analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, as a result of analyzing changes in land coverage, urbanized areas in all 31 cities greatly increased, whereas areas of forest, grassland, farmland, wetland, etc., greatly decreased. Second, as a result of carrying out MSPA for green areas in each city, the number of Cores, Islets as stepping-stone green areas, and Branches greatly decreased. As a result of analyzing factors in cluster analysis, 12 variables were classified into four groups. After performing a cluster analysis, the 31 cities were classified into six clusters. Cluster-6 showed the biggest decrease in wetland areas. These results could be used as basic data for establishing differentiated environmental policies for clusters of cities that show similar environmental changes, and for establishing policy priorities that break away from uniform environmental policies at the local level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Qualifying Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Service in Central Himalaya Transboundary Landscape Based on Google Earth Engine

by Changjun Gu, Yili Zhang, Linshan Liu, Lanhui Li, Shicheng Li, Binghua Zhang, Bohao Cui and Mohan Kumar Rai

Land 2021, 10(2), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10020173 - 08 Feb 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3582 | Correction

Abstract

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are regarded as one of the key drivers of ecosystem services degradation, especially in mountain regions where they may provide various ecosystem services to local livelihoods and surrounding areas. Additionally, ecosystems and habitats extend across political [...] Read more.

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are regarded as one of the key drivers of ecosystem services degradation, especially in mountain regions where they may provide various ecosystem services to local livelihoods and surrounding areas. Additionally, ecosystems and habitats extend across political boundaries, causing more difficulties for ecosystem conservation. LULC in the Kailash Sacred Landscape (KSL) has undergone obvious changes over the past four decades; however, the spatiotemporal changes of the LULC across the whole of the KSL are still unclear, as well as the effects of LULC changes on ecosystem service values (ESVs). Thus, in this study we analyzed LULC changes across the whole of the KSL between 2000 and 2015 using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and quantified their impacts on ESVs. The greatest loss in LULC was found in forest cover, which decreased from 5443.20 km² in 2000 to 5003.37 km² in 2015 and which mainly occurred in KSL-Nepal. Meanwhile, the largest growth was observed in grassland (increased by 548.46 km²), followed by cropland (increased by 346.90 km²), both of which mainly occurred in KSL-Nepal. Further analysis showed that the expansions of cropland were the major drivers of the forest cover change in the KSL. Furthermore, the conversion of cropland to shrub land indicated that farmland abandonment existed in the KSL during the study period. The observed forest degradation directly influenced the ESV changes in the KSL. The total ESVs in the KSL decreased from 36.53 × 10⁸ USD y⁻¹ in 2000 to 35.35 × 10⁸ USD y⁻¹ in 2015. Meanwhile, the ESVs of the forestry areas decreased by 1.34 × 10⁸ USD y⁻¹. This shows that the decrease of ESVs in forestry was the primary cause to the loss of total ESVs and also of the high elasticity. Our findings show that even small changes to the LULC, especially in forestry areas, are noteworthy as they could induce a strong ESV response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4830 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapping of the Land Cover Changes in High Mountains of Western Carpathians between 1990–2018: Case Study of the Low Tatras National Park (Slovakia)

by Michaela Žoncová, Pavel Hronček and Bohuslava Gregorová

Land 2020, 9(12), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/land9120483 - 01 Dec 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3120

Abstract

At present, the protection of nature and landscape in the high mountains of the Western Carpathians, protected as national parks, is becoming increasingly at the forefront of society’s interests in connection with the development of their economic use and the development of mass [...] Read more.

At present, the protection of nature and landscape in the high mountains of the Western Carpathians, protected as national parks, is becoming increasingly at the forefront of society’s interests in connection with the development of their economic use and the development of mass tourism. Our research was focused on analyzing the extent and character of land cover changes in the Low Tatras National Park in Slovakia over the last 30 years (1990–2018) using CORINE land cover (CLC) data. The period captures almost the entire existence of the Slovak Republic. Therefore, it was possible to evaluate the landscape changes in the protected area and to identify barriers and possibilities of its long-term sustainable development. Based on computer modeling, the main areas of the land cover changes were identified, and on the basis of historical-geographical and field research, land cover flows were determined and justified in the studied landscape of the national park. Changes were monitored using three methods: by comparing CLC maps over the years, by analyzing land cover flows, and by comparing landscape metrics obtained through the PatchAnalyst. Land cover changes occurred on up to 20% of the national park area in the given period. The most significant change was observed in the CLC class coniferous forests, with almost a 12% decrease. Conversely, there was an increase of more than 11% in the CLC class transitional woodland-shrub. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 6145 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Aboveground Biomass Distribution in a Multi-Use Savannah Landscape in Southeastern Kenya: Impact of Land Use and Fences

by Edward Amara, Hari Adhikari, Janne Heiskanen, Mika Siljander, Martha Munyao, Patrick Omondi and Petri Pellikka

Land 2020, 9(10), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/land9100381 - 09 Oct 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5197

Abstract

Savannahs provide valuable ecosystem services and contribute to continental and global carbon budgets. In addition, savannahs exhibit multiple land uses, e.g., wildlife conservation, pastoralism, and crop farming. Despite their importance, the effect of land use on woody aboveground biomass (AGB) in savannahs is [...] Read more.

Savannahs provide valuable ecosystem services and contribute to continental and global carbon budgets. In addition, savannahs exhibit multiple land uses, e.g., wildlife conservation, pastoralism, and crop farming. Despite their importance, the effect of land use on woody aboveground biomass (AGB) in savannahs is understudied. Furthermore, fences used to reduce human–wildlife conflicts may affect AGB patterns. We assessed AGB densities and patterns, and the effect of land use and fences on AGB in a multi-use savannah landscape in southeastern Kenya. AGB was assessed with field survey and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, and a land cover map was developed using Sentinel-2 satellite images in Google Earth Engine. The highest woody AGB was found in riverine forest in a conservation area and in bushland outside the conservation area. The highest mean AGB density occurred in the non-conservation area with mixed bushland and cropland (8.9 Mg·ha⁻¹), while the lowest AGB density (2.6 Mg·ha⁻¹) occurred in overgrazed grassland in the conservation area. The largest differences in AGB distributions were observed in the fenced boundaries between the conservation and other land-use types. Our results provide evidence that conservation and fences can create sharp AGB transitions and lead to reduced AGB stocks, which is a vital role of savannahs as part of carbon sequestration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

20 pages, 2736 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Driving Forces behind Land Use and Land Cover Change: A Systematic and Bibliometric Review

by Andrew Allan, Ali Soltani, Mohammad Hamed Abdi and Melika Zarei

Land 2022, 11(8), 1222; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081222 - 02 Aug 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3941

Abstract

This paper is based on reviewing the literature in the past 10 years on the drivers of land use and land cover change (LULCC) in urban areas. It combines quantitative and qualitative keyword analysis of papers drawn out from the Scopus database. The [...] Read more.

This paper is based on reviewing the literature in the past 10 years on the drivers of land use and land cover change (LULCC) in urban areas. It combines quantitative and qualitative keyword analysis of papers drawn out from the Scopus database. The analysis is primarily based on the number of mentions of keywords in the titles and abstracts of the papers, in addition to the number of keywords appearing in the papers. On the basis of content analysis, a three-level structural categorization of the driving factors was developed. These are presented in a schematic diagram, where the contextual factors are shown as influencing economic and financial factors and policy and regulation, which in turn influences transportation investments and availability, and industrial and residential location choices. Transportation availability was seen as the most frequent factor identified in the literature. This research contends that LULCC is mostly determined by interactions among these four themes in a three-level structure, and on this basis, a model is presented that illustrates LULCC drivers based on local circumstances across the globe. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

30 pages, 4332 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

A Synthesis of Land Use/Land Cover Studies: Definitions, Classification Systems, Meta-Studies, Challenges and Knowledge Gaps on a Global Landscape

by Ryan Nedd, Katie Light, Marcia Owens, Neil James, Elijah Johnson and Aavudai Anandhi

Land 2021, 10(9), 994; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090994 - 21 Sep 2021

Cited by 53 | Viewed by 13824

Abstract

Land is a natural resource that humans have utilized for life and various activities. Land use/land cover change (LULCC) has been of great concern to many countries over the years. Some of the main reasons behind LULCC are rapid population growth, migration, and [...] Read more.

Land is a natural resource that humans have utilized for life and various activities. Land use/land cover change (LULCC) has been of great concern to many countries over the years. Some of the main reasons behind LULCC are rapid population growth, migration, and the conversion of rural to urban areas. LULC has a considerable impact on the land-atmosphere/climate interactions. Over the past two decades, numerous studies conducted in LULC have investigated various areas of the field of LULC. However, the assemblage of information is missing for some aspects. Therefore, to provide coherent guidance, a literature review to scrutinize and evaluate many studies in particular topical areas is employed. This research study collected approximately four hundred research articles and investigated five (5) areas of interest, including (1) LULC definitions; (2) classification systems used to classify LULC globally; (3) direct and indirect changes of meta-studies associated with LULC; (4) challenges associated with LULC; and (5) LULC knowledge gaps. The synthesis revealed that LULC definitions carried vital terms, and classification systems for LULC are at the national, regional, and global scales. Most meta-studies for LULC were in the categories of direct and indirect land changes. Additionally, the analysis showed significant areas of LULC challenges were data consistency and quality. The knowledge gaps highlighted a fall in the categories of ecosystem services, forestry, and data/image modeling in LULC. Core findings exhibit common patterns, discrepancies, and relationships from the multiple studies. While literature review as a tool showed similarities among various research studies, our results recommend researchers endeavor to perform further synthesis in the field of LULC to promote our overall understanding, since research investigations will continue in LULC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Review

18 pages, 2117 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Native Trees as a Provider of Vital Urban Ecosystem Services in Urbanizing New Zealand: Status Quo, Challenges and Prospects

by Jihwi Jang and Su-Young Woo

Land 2022, 11(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010092 - 06 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3981

Abstract

In New Zealand, over 87% of the population currently resides in cities. Urban trees can face a myriad of complex challenges including loss of green space, public health issues, and harm to the existence of urban dwellers and trees, along with domestic greenhouse [...] Read more.

In New Zealand, over 87% of the population currently resides in cities. Urban trees can face a myriad of complex challenges including loss of green space, public health issues, and harm to the existence of urban dwellers and trees, along with domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions. Despite New Zealand being a biodiversity hotspot in terms of natural environments, there is a lack of knowledge about native tree species’ regulating service (i.e., tree development and eco-physiological responses to low air quality, GHG, rising air temperatures, and drought) and how they grow in built-up environments such as cities. Therefore, we argue for the value of these native species in terms of ecosystem services and insist that they need to be viewed in relation to how they will respond to urban abiotic extremes and climate change. We propose to diversify planted forests for several reasons: (1) to improve awareness of the benefits of diverse planted urban forests; (2) to foster native tree research in urban environments, finding new keystone species; and (3) to improve the evidence of urban ecosystem resilience based on New Zealand native trees’ regulating services. This article aims to re-evaluate our understanding of whether New Zealand’s native trees can deal with environmental stress conditions similarly to more commonly planted alien species. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

1 pages, 965 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Gu et al. Qualifying Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Service in Central Himalaya Transboundary Landscape Based on Google Earth Engine. Land 2021, 10, 173

by Changjun Gu, Yili Zhang, Linshan Liu, Lanhui Li, Shicheng Li, Binghua Zhang, Bohao Cui and Mohan Kumar Rai

Land 2021, 10(5), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050506 - 10 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1484

Abstract

In the original article [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World)

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in a Changing World

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Acknowledgments

Keywords

Published Papers (14 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI