Editorial

6 pages, 214 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial: Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development

by Alastair M. Morrison

Land 2022, 11(5), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050658 - 29 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2065

Tourism development is highly dependent on the quantity, quality, and characteristics of available land [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 1477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior with the Self-Congruity Theory to Predict Tourists’ Pro-Environmental Behavioral Intentions: A Two-Case Study of Heritage Tourism

by Xiaojuan Rao, Hongliang Qiu, Alastair M. Morrison and Wei Wei

Land 2022, 11(11), 2069; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11112069 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2778

Abstract

Tourists’ pro-environmental behaviors are critical to the conservation of cultural landscape heritage and for the sustainability of heritage tourism. Applying the theories of planned behavior (TPB) and self-congruity, this research explained the formation of tourists’ pro-environmental behavioral intentions (TPEBI). A total of 342 [...] Read more.

Tourists’ pro-environmental behaviors are critical to the conservation of cultural landscape heritage and for the sustainability of heritage tourism. Applying the theories of planned behavior (TPB) and self-congruity, this research explained the formation of tourists’ pro-environmental behavioral intentions (TPEBI). A total of 342 effective responses were gathered at a heritage destination, while another set of data was collected from a historic cultural destination for cross-validation (n = 345). The findings indicated that: (1) there are direct and positive associations between TPEBI and attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-congruity, and functional congruity; (2) functional congruity mediates the association between self-congruity and TPEBI; (3) the “congruity-TPB” framework has greater predictive capacity in comparison to the single model; (4) a cross-validation approach found consistent results by using a historic cultural district as another case. Taking both rational and value-expressive factors into consideration, the current study expands the applicability of the self-congruity theory in TPEBI research. Findings produce some new insights into sustainable destination management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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20 pages, 1252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Landscape and Unique Fascination: A Dual-Case Study on the Antecedents of Tourist Pro-Environmental Behavioral Intentions

by Wei Zheng, Hongliang Qiu, Alastair M. Morrison, Wei Wei and Xihua Zhang

Land 2022, 11(4), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040479 - 26 Mar 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3230

Abstract

Although cultivating tourist pro-environmental behavioral intentions (TPEBI) has been emphasized, the effect of destination unique fascination on TPEBI is unknown. Applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the cognition-affect-behavior (CAB) model, this research develops an integrated theoretical framework to predict TPEBI. The [...] Read more.

Although cultivating tourist pro-environmental behavioral intentions (TPEBI) has been emphasized, the effect of destination unique fascination on TPEBI is unknown. Applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the cognition-affect-behavior (CAB) model, this research develops an integrated theoretical framework to predict TPEBI. The results suggested that: (1) attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, destination unique fascination and tourist delight directly influence TPEBI; (2) tourist delight positively meditates the links between destination unique fascination and TPEBI; (3) the integrated model had better explanation power than either TPB or CAB models; and (4) a cross-validation method of rural and wetland cases demonstrated support for the results. This study enriches the extant studies of pro-environmental behavioral intentions by introducing an integrated conceptual model coupled with the cross-validation approach. Aside from the impact of TPB constructs, the research offers a reference for practitioners to promote TPEBI through the enhancement of destination unique fascination and tourist delight. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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30 pages, 1120 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting Private and Public Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Rural Tourism Contexts Using SEM and fsQCA: The Role of Destination Image and Relationship Quality

by Xiaojuan Rao, Hongliang Qiu, Alastair M. Morrison, Wei Wei and Xihua Zhang

Land 2022, 11(3), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11030448 - 20 Mar 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3783

Abstract

The importance of pro-environmental behavior in tourism has been established, but explaining its sub-dimensions, especially in the private and public dimensions, is under-researched. Existing literature on tourism research mainly uses SEM to analyze tourist pro-environmental behavior, while fsQCA is scarcely implemented. In this [...] Read more.

The importance of pro-environmental behavior in tourism has been established, but explaining its sub-dimensions, especially in the private and public dimensions, is under-researched. Existing literature on tourism research mainly uses SEM to analyze tourist pro-environmental behavior, while fsQCA is scarcely implemented. In this study, SEM is applied to reveal the links among destination image, relationship quality, and pro-environmental behavior, while fsQCA is utilized to investigate configurations predicting pro-environmental behavior. Responses of 285 tourists were collected and analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses. The SEM results showed that (1) destination image directly and positively affected relationship quality (including satisfaction and destination trust); (2) relationship quality was found to positively and directly influence private and public pro-environmental behaviors; (3) relationship quality did mediate the influence of destination image on private pro-environmental behavior partially, while it played a full mediating role in the effect of destination image on public pro-environmental behavior. The findings from fsQCA indicated that (1) three sufficient configurations consistently lead to a high level of private pro-environmental behavior: (a) high destination image and satisfaction, (b) high destination image and trust, (c) high relationship quality; (2) there was only one sufficient causal configuration for a high level of public pro-environmental behavior: high relationship quality. The results provide tenable evidence that relationship quality can be a vital factor enhancing the sub-dimensions of pro-environmental behavior. The integration of these two methods helps to open the black box of tourist pro-environmental behavior in rural tourism contexts in a more systematic and holistic way. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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18 pages, 2001 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Residents’ Perceptions Regarding the Implementation of a Tourist Tax at a UNESCO World Heritage Site: A Cluster Analysis of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

by Jakson Renner Rodrigues Soares, Paula Remoaldo, André Riani Costa Perinotto, Larissa Paola Macedo Castro Gabriel, María Elvira Lezcano-González and María-Dolores Sánchez-Fernández

Land 2022, 11(2), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020189 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3009

Abstract

Even though the residents’ perceptions on the tourist activity have been thoroughly investigated in the last three decades, there are still few similar studies on destinations that are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The research presented in this article assesses the perception [...] Read more.

Even though the residents’ perceptions on the tourist activity have been thoroughly investigated in the last three decades, there are still few similar studies on destinations that are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The research presented in this article assesses the perception of the residents of the municipality of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) regarding the implementation of a tourist tax. The study is based on 588 residents’ responses to a survey conducted through a questionnaire prepared by the authors. Owing to the exponential increase in the number of visitor arrivals to the city, the implementation of a tourist tax could be one of the strategies deployed to improve the tourist experience. It may also allow for a less negative interaction between residents and tourists. The analysis revealed the existence of three clusters: tax-skeptics, tax-enthusiasts, and tax-reactionaries. The results are consistent with the nature of a mature destination, with most respondents supporting the implementation of a tourist tax that could contribute to improving, amongst other things, the quality of the tourist destination for both visitors and residents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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16 pages, 1564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rural and Urban Land Tourism and Destination Image: A Dual-Case Study Approach Examining Energy-Saving Behavior and Loyalty

by Wei Zheng, Hongliang Qiu, Alastair M. Morrison, Wei Wei and Xihua Zhang

Land 2022, 11(2), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020146 - 18 Jan 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2974

Abstract

Although the significance of destination image is acknowledged, its effect on tourist reactions, especially energy-saving behavior, remains unknown. This research aimed to explore tourist energy-saving behavior (TESB) and loyalty (TL) in a rural land context by using the cognition-affect-behavior (CAB) model. The findings [...] Read more.

Although the significance of destination image is acknowledged, its effect on tourist reactions, especially energy-saving behavior, remains unknown. This research aimed to explore tourist energy-saving behavior (TESB) and loyalty (TL) in a rural land context by using the cognition-affect-behavior (CAB) model. The findings indicated: (1) destination image positively and directly influenced TESB and TL; (2) relationship quality variables, i.e., tourist satisfaction and destination trust, positively and separately mediated the associations of destination image with TESB and TL; and (3) a cross-validation approach of rural and urban cases documented support for the research findings. This study extends the destination image literature by introducing the CAB model and the cross-validation approach to examine energy-saving behavior and loyalty. It offers guidance and a reference for tourism destination practitioners to promote energy-saving behavior and loyalty through the enhancement of destination image and relationship quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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13 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Residents’ Perceptions of Sustainable Tourism Destination Recovery: The Case of Northern Cyprus

by Maryam Alsadat Seyedabolghasemi, Hasan Kilic, Turgay Avci, Kayode Kolawole Eluwole and Taiwo Temitope Lasisi

Land 2022, 11(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010094 - 07 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2836

Abstract

As nations and tourism destinations are beginning to relax nonpharmaceutical measures for the prevention of the COVID-19 virus, a major quest of tourism stakeholders is to restart and restore the once viable and productive industry to its prior state. While the urge to [...] Read more.

As nations and tourism destinations are beginning to relax nonpharmaceutical measures for the prevention of the COVID-19 virus, a major quest of tourism stakeholders is to restart and restore the once viable and productive industry to its prior state. While the urge to restart and restore may necessitate a strategic plan and drastic measures, care must be taken not to undermine the sustainability of the destination. The current study seeks to understand the perceptions of residents of Northern Cyprus as key tourism stakeholders concerning the impacts of COVID-19 to the island’s tourism activities and recommendations for recovery post pandemic. To this end, the study used grounded theory and semistructured interviews to explore how residents perceive the contribution of focused advertisements and stakeholder engagement in the sustainable restoration of tourism activities post COVID-19 on the island. While divergent opinions were gathered, it can be inferred that stakeholders expect the implementation of strategic plans aided by focused advertisements to ensure the sustainability of their tourist destinations. Policy directions and academic contributions are also stated as requirements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

17 pages, 15232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Land Use Evolution on the Visitor Economy in Wuhan from the Perspective of Ecological Service Value

by Qiao Chen, Yan Mao and Alastair M. Morrison

Land 2022, 11(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010001 - 21 Dec 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2710

Abstract

This research used transfer matrix, dynamic attitude, and a linear regression model to investigate the characteristics of land-use change and evolution of ecological service values and their impacts on Wuhan’s visitor economy. The results showed that: (1) the land-use scale in the Wuhan [...] Read more.

This research used transfer matrix, dynamic attitude, and a linear regression model to investigate the characteristics of land-use change and evolution of ecological service values and their impacts on Wuhan’s visitor economy. The results showed that: (1) the land-use scale in the Wuhan metropolitan area changed significantly from 1990 to 2018. The area of arable land, forest land, and grassland decreased at a faster rate, whereas that of water and construction land continued to increase; (2) there were differences in the dynamic attitudes of land-use at different stages. The dynamic attitude of construction land-use changed the most with cultivated land, water area, forest land, unused land, and grassland. From 1990 to 2005, land-use change exhibited a relatively gentle trend, whereas from 2005 to 2020, it accelerated; (3) although land-use regulation service, support service, and cultural service values positively responded to tourism economic growth, their influences were dissimilar. This study clarifies the effects of urban land-use on tourism economic development and provides a reference for its effective control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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16 pages, 798 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Local Residents Support the Development of a National Park? A Study from Nanling National Park Based on Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

by Qian Dong, Bo Zhang, Xiaomei Cai and Alastair M. Morrison

Land 2021, 10(10), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101019 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2446

Abstract

Over the past five years, the pilot establishment of national parks in China has been a major event in global biodiversity conservation. The national parks under construction and proposed account for nearly 1% of the land area, and their social impacts have attracted [...] Read more.

Over the past five years, the pilot establishment of national parks in China has been a major event in global biodiversity conservation. The national parks under construction and proposed account for nearly 1% of the land area, and their social impacts have attracted the attention of researchers and managers. However, most of the research has a focus on the effects of protection, and national parks do not have a sufficient understanding of the social impacts and perceptions of the local residents. This research, taking Nanling National Park in Guangdong Province as the case, used the social impact assessment research framework to explore the perceptions and support of local people for the creation of national parks. Through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the findings were first that most residents expressed a low awareness of Nanling National Park’s development, but they still expressed conditional support. Second, ethnic minorities and less educated residents did not support the creation of national parks. Perceptions of ecological, economic, political, and cultural impacts affected whether residents supported the construction of national parks. In the initial stages of national park development, governmental administrative departments should reduce the negative impacts of national park construction by strengthening the publicity and awareness building, formulating appropriate policy guidance for different needs, and giving local residents the right to express their views, so as to enhance resident support for national park projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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17 pages, 1470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Residents’ Perception of Tourism’s Impact on Supporting Tourism Development in a GIAHS Site: The Mediating Role of Perceived Justice and Community Identity

by Bojie Wang, Siyuan He, Qingwen Min, Feng Cui and Guoping Wang

Land 2021, 10(10), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10100998 - 22 Sep 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4091

Abstract

How we scientifically measure residents’ perception of tourism developments and earn their understanding and support have an important impact on the scientific management and sustainable utilization of tourist attractions. This study analyzes the mediating role of perceived justice and community identity between residents’ [...] Read more.

How we scientifically measure residents’ perception of tourism developments and earn their understanding and support have an important impact on the scientific management and sustainable utilization of tourist attractions. This study analyzes the mediating role of perceived justice and community identity between residents’ perceptions of tourism’s impact and their support for tourism development by integrating the theories of social exchange theory (SET) and ‘cognition–affection–conation’ (CAC) relationship theory. We surveyed 334 interviewees in the Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem (XHDA), a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) site in Jiangsu Province, China. The findings of our study are as follows: (1) Residents’ perceptions had both a direct and indirect influence over behavioral intentions. Specifically, benefit perception of tourism had a significant positive influence, while cost perception had a significant negative influence on residents’ support for tourism development. (2) Perceived justice and community identity played an intermediary role in the relationship between tourism impact perception and support for tourism development. (3) The mediating role of emotions had strong effects on their behavioral intentions via its psychological transmission chain of perceptions. The results suggest that community-based tourism (CBT) may be an effective tool for local residents to diversify their livelihoods in the GIAHS site, and the mediating role of perceived justice and community identity should be taken seriously for the development of CBT in GIAHS sites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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19 pages, 725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of the Characteristics of Online Itinerary on Purchasing Behavior

by Qian Jin, Hui Hu, Xiaozhi Su and Alastair M. Morrison

Land 2021, 10(9), 936; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090936 - 06 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2706

Abstract

This study presents insights into the influence of the characteristics of tourism itineraries on tourist purchasing behavior. We adopted data between 1 August 2019 and 30 November 2019 from the Qunar, the biggest online tourism platform in China and 4366 samples on travel [...] Read more.

This study presents insights into the influence of the characteristics of tourism itineraries on tourist purchasing behavior. We adopted data between 1 August 2019 and 30 November 2019 from the Qunar, the biggest online tourism platform in China and 4366 samples on travel itineraries were obtained. The ordinary least square regression (OLS) method was used. Controlling for product-related and channel-related factors, we demonstrate that in terms of tourism destination choice, outbound tourism products attract an increased number of tourists; in terms of the types of travel, private travel has replaced group travel to become the majority of the tourism market; in terms of the length of travel, mid-term travel (4–6 days) is the first choice, outnumbering short-term and long-term ones; price promotions such as discount for early decision, multi-person price reduction and membership prices significantly lead to increased sales; online reviews also have great impact on tourist purchasing behavior. In sum, this study uses a unique data set to reveal the influence of online tourism product characteristics on sales and provide potential guidance of the marketing strategy in response to consumer behavior for the online tourism industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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21 pages, 14233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Tourism Development Potential on Provinces along the Belt and Road in China: Generation of a Comprehensive Index System

by Yuying Chen, Yajie Li, Xiangfeng Gu, Nan Chen, Qing Yuan and Ming Yan

Land 2021, 10(9), 905; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090905 - 27 Aug 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7426

Abstract

The evaluation of tourism development potential (TDP) is the crucial foundation and critical step for sustainable regional tourism development. Prior studies mainly evaluate TDP through the univariate potential model and the multi-indicator descriptive evaluation. However, these two methods have only limited effectiveness for [...] Read more.

The evaluation of tourism development potential (TDP) is the crucial foundation and critical step for sustainable regional tourism development. Prior studies mainly evaluate TDP through the univariate potential model and the multi-indicator descriptive evaluation. However, these two methods have only limited effectiveness for the destination’s TDP in the context of the mesoscale level. Thus, this study aims to develop an effective multi-dimensional mesoscale to evaluate the destination’s TDP and construct a potential index model. Based on the literature review, this study develops four rule layers (tourism supply and consumption (X₁), the demand and purchasing power of tourist source (X₂), development value of destination resources (X₃), and the contribution of the destination’s tourism industry (X₄)) and 31 factor layers. All the factor layers are then assigned values based on the provincial statistics in China in 2019. Through SPSS 24.0, the current study uses the principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a provincial TDP index model for the research area:

Y = 0.2573 X_{1} + 0.1305 X_{2} + 0.3177 X_{3} + 0.2945 X_{4}

. The results show significant regional differences in the TDP index of the provinces along the Belt and Road (study area) in China. Among them, Guangdong has the most extensive TDP index, Qinghai has the smallest TDP index. The study also uses ArcGIS 10.2 for the function of kernel density analysis to visualize provincial TDP and finds significant spatial differences and a central-edge distribution pattern across provinces. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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15 pages, 14347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Situations Influence the Environmentally Responsible Behaviors of National Park Visitors? Survey from Shennongjia National Park, Hubei Province, China

by Yan Gao, Lilin Zou, Alastair M. Morrison and Fanglin Wu

Land 2021, 10(9), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090891 - 25 Aug 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2502

Abstract

Natural ecological protection in protected areas involves the restriction of land use patterns and their intensity. Typically, the goal of land use is to balance environmental protection with community development. Nature education and ecological experiences in protected areas encourage visitor environmentally responsible behavior [...] Read more.

Natural ecological protection in protected areas involves the restriction of land use patterns and their intensity. Typically, the goal of land use is to balance environmental protection with community development. Nature education and ecological experiences in protected areas encourage visitor environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) which supports the sustainable use of land in national parks and reduces the degradation of natural environments. The existing research literature has a focus on ways of facilitating ERB through rational and external influences. However, individual behaviors are contextual and specific situations affect behavior. This research used environmental knowledge as a rational factor and situations were viewed as a moderator in stimulating ERB based on situational cognition theory. A knowledge-situation-behavior latent variable moderator model was constructed and tested with visitor survey data from Shennongjia National Park, Hubei Province, China. The findings showed that situations had a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between environmental knowledge and ERB. Books, articles, authors and familiar people had a significant positive moderating effect on ERB, as did environmental interpretation and staff guidance. Precise measures to promote the ERB of national park visitors were proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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24 pages, 3682 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Spatial Patterns and Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism Destinations in the Yellow River Basin of China

by Hao Zhang, Ye Duan and Zenglin Han

Land 2021, 10(8), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080849 - 14 Aug 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3587

Abstract

Rural tourism is a new point of growth for tourism and the economy in the context of the new normalization of the economy and is of great significance in achieving the complementary coordination and integration of urban and rural areas, promoting rural transformation, [...] Read more.

Rural tourism is a new point of growth for tourism and the economy in the context of the new normalization of the economy and is of great significance in achieving the complementary coordination and integration of urban and rural areas, promoting rural transformation, and increasing farmers’ incomes. The trends of rural tourism development mechanisms studied on a spatial scale can be used to interpret the sustainable development of rural tourism from different perspectives. Based on the data of key rural tourism villages in China’s Yellow River Basin (hereinafter referred to as the Yellow River Basin), kernel density estimation and spatial hot spot clustering methods were used in the present study to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and sustainable development mechanisms of these villages. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the key villages presents greater concentrations in the west and south than in the east and north, respectively. The spatial distribution of the key villages was found to be primarily affected by factors such as historical culture, transportation locations, economic level, and topography. Finally, the sustainable development mechanisms of rural tourism are proposed, and corresponding suggestions are provided from the perspectives of sustainable livelihoods, operation management, and marketing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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14 pages, 2012 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Land Use and Land Cover Pattern as a Measure of Tourism Impact on a Lakeshore Zone

by Grażyna Furgała-Selezniow, Małgorzata Jankun-Woźnicka, Marek Kruk and Aneta A. Omelan

Land 2021, 10(8), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10080787 - 27 Jul 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2333

Abstract

Lakes provide different ecosystem services, including those related to tourism and recreation. Sustainable development principles should be respected in lake tourism planning. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of tourism on the lakeshore zone in a typical post-glacial Lakeland [...] Read more.

Lakes provide different ecosystem services, including those related to tourism and recreation. Sustainable development principles should be respected in lake tourism planning. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of tourism on the lakeshore zone in a typical post-glacial Lakeland in Northern Poland (Central Europe). An explanatory analysis of the distribution of individual spatial factor values was performed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations algorithm (SHAP). In a first step, the aim was to select a Machine Learning model for modelling based on Shapley values. The greater or lesser influence of a given factor on the tourism function was measured for individual lakes. The final results of ensemble modelling and SHAP were obtained by averaging the results of five random repetitions of the execution of these models. The impact of tourism on the lakeshore zone can be much more accurately determined using an indirect method, by analysing the tourism and recreational infrastructure constantly present there. The values of the indices proposed in the study provide indirect information on the number of tourists using the tourist and recreational facilities and are a measure of the impact of tourism on the lakeshore zone. The developed methodology can be applied to the majority of post-glacial lakes in Europe and other regions of the world in order to monitor the threats resulting from shore zone exploitation. Such studies can be an appropriate tool for management and planning by the relevant authorities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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15 pages, 659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acceptance of Tourist Offers and Territory: Cluster Analysis of Ibiza Residents (Spain)

by José Ramón-Cardona, David Daniel Peña-Miranda and María Dolores Sánchez-Fernández

Land 2021, 10(7), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10070734 - 13 Jul 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2248

Abstract

Heterogeneity studies have analyzed different clusters of residents according to their perception and attitude toward tourism in general or a specific type of tourism, but there are still no studies on the heterogeneity in the acceptance of tourist offers. The aim of this [...] Read more.

Heterogeneity studies have analyzed different clusters of residents according to their perception and attitude toward tourism in general or a specific type of tourism, but there are still no studies on the heterogeneity in the acceptance of tourist offers. The aim of this article was to segment residents according to their acceptance of different tourist offers focused on the territory. This is a new approach that seeks to determine the profiles of residents based on their preferences for the future development of a destination’s offer in order to solve land-related problems. Cluster analysis carried out by the K-means algorithm made it possible to create five clusters: Disappointed, favorable with nuances, moderate, enthusiasts but anti-nightclub, and enthusiasts. The clusters were characterized by the rejection of the “all inclusive” offer and by the acceptance of most offers. The types of tourism that involve an enhancement of the landscape and heritage were shown to be the best valued. The differences between the clusters were marked by the degree of general acceptance and by the rejection of some offers considered “conflicting.” The offers that imply a high consumption of land (golf courses) or annoyances from the immediate surroundings (nightclubs) generated discrepancies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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17 pages, 6550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coupling Relationship and Interactive Response between Intensive Land Use and Tourism Industry Development in China’s Major Tourist Cities

by Chengkun Huang, Feiyang Lin, Deping Chu, Lanlan Wang, Jiawei Liao and Junqian Wu

Land 2021, 10(7), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10070697 - 01 Jul 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3880

Abstract

(1) Background: Exploring the interactive relationship between intensive land use (ILU) and tourism industry development (TID) is of vital significance to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of tourism and the urban economy. (2) Methods: This paper constructs an evaluation index system of [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Exploring the interactive relationship between intensive land use (ILU) and tourism industry development (TID) is of vital significance to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of tourism and the urban economy. (2) Methods: This paper constructs an evaluation index system of ILU and TID, and comprehensively measures the coupling and interaction between ILU and TID in China’s 58 major tourist cities from 2004 to 2018 by using the entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree model, and panel vector autoregressive model. (3) Results: In terms of the coupling relationship, the coupling coordination degree of ILU and TID in China’s major tourist cities were optimized year by year, and the coupling coordination degree from 2004 to 2008 was less than 0.2, which is part of the serious imbalance recession stage. From 2009 to 2018, the coupling coordination degree was between 0.2 and 0.4, which is part of the moderate maladjustment recession stage. In terms of interactive response, ILU and TID formed a long-term interactive relationship, and the intensity effect of ILU on TID is significantly higher than that of TID on ILU. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant correlation and bidirectional process between ILU and TID, and they have an essential impact on the high-quality development of tourist cities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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20 pages, 37918 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatially Illustrating Leisure Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from Picking Orchards in China

by Jiaxing Cui, Ruihao Li, Lingyu Zhang and Ying Jing

Land 2021, 10(6), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060631 - 13 Jun 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3624

Abstract

In the context of rural revitalization strategies and humans’ increasing leisure pursuit, leisure agriculture starts to act as a new engine of rural economic growth and industrial upgradation. Unraveling the agri-leisure developmental regularity from a spatial perspective facilitates urban-rural integration and poverty alleviation [...] Read more.

In the context of rural revitalization strategies and humans’ increasing leisure pursuit, leisure agriculture starts to act as a new engine of rural economic growth and industrial upgradation. Unraveling the agri-leisure developmental regularity from a spatial perspective facilitates urban-rural integration and poverty alleviation in rural regions. Given the lack of spatially analyzing agri-leisure (e.g., sightseeing picking orchards) especially at the macro-spatial scale (e.g., the national scale), this study aims to explore the spatiality of leisure agriculture and its fundamental driving mechanisms based on geo-visual (spatially visualizing) analytical tools looking at 20,778 picking orchards in China. Results show that: (1) Picking orchards are distributed in the form of clusters with striking disparity at multiple spatial scales; (2) Five spatial agglomerations are found involving the regions around Beijing and Tianjin, Shandong hinterland, Henan hinterland, the core district of the Yangtze Delta, and the core district of the Pearl River Delta; (3) The driving mechanisms are revealed, and the spatial pattern of picking orchards is found to be largely influenced by morphology, distance to central cities, traffic conditions, economic level, and tourism resources. This study is conducive to optimizing the spatial planning of rural eco-tourism towards sustainable agro-development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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20 pages, 2139 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Cultural Background on Visitor Segments’ Tourist Destination Image: A Case Study of Barcelona and Chinese Tourists

by Mingge Tian, Gemma Cànoves, Yujing Chu, Jaume Font-Garolera and José María Prat Forga

Land 2021, 10(6), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060626 - 11 Jun 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4571

Abstract

Tourists from different cultural backgrounds have different perceptions of the image of a tourist destination. This paper aims to investigate tourist destination image (TDI) from a national cultural perspective and to see whether there exists the influence of culture on a visitor segment’s [...] Read more.

Tourists from different cultural backgrounds have different perceptions of the image of a tourist destination. This paper aims to investigate tourist destination image (TDI) from a national cultural perspective and to see whether there exists the influence of culture on a visitor segment’s destination image as well as their travel behavior and satisfaction. Barcelona as the destination and the Chinese market are utilized to present an empirical discussion of the study. Based on the results of the qualitative method previously conducted by the authors, a questionnaire was designed in this paper. The SPSS 22 program was used for data management and analysis. This study first demonstrates that TDI perceived by the Chinese visitors is influenced by their pro-social cultural background and, second, that the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking during the visitation. This study further discusses the reasons why the visitors greatly value prestige and social networking and how “facework” influences their travel behavior based on the concept of culture value orientation. Overall, this study contributes to the existing knowledge on the formation of perception of TDI by analyzing the influence of the tourist cultural background on their TDI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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19 pages, 1095 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Culture Affect Farmer Willingness to Transfer Rural Land? Evidence from Southern Fujian, China

by Jianying Wang, Yumei Xu, Lilin Zou and Ying Wang

Land 2021, 10(6), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060594 - 04 Jun 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3088

Abstract

This research explored the impact of culture on farmer willingness to transfer rural land. Data from 30 interviews and 537 valid survey questionnaires were collected in three villages in Zhangzhou, Fujian, China that are representative of typical Southern Fujian culture. First, a qualitative [...] Read more.

This research explored the impact of culture on farmer willingness to transfer rural land. Data from 30 interviews and 537 valid survey questionnaires were collected in three villages in Zhangzhou, Fujian, China that are representative of typical Southern Fujian culture. First, a qualitative analysis was conducted based on interview data using NVivo11. Thereafter, a quantitative analysis using structural equation modeling was completed. The results of the field interviews indicated that cultural, economic, and individual factors were the three main influences on willingness of farmers to transfer land. Cultural factors were further classified into folk, religious, language, and family cultures. Religious belief culture had a significant negative impact on farmer willingness to transfer land, while language, family, and folk cultures had significant positive associations with farmer land transfer intentions. It was found that rural culture had a significant influence on farmer willingness to transfer land. The findings will help in developing a more comprehensive theoretical framework for research on this topic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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15 pages, 1800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Thousand Words Express a Common Idea? Understanding International Tourists’ Reviews of Mt. Huangshan, China, through a Deep Learning Approach

by Cheng Chai, Yao Song and Zhenzhen Qin

Land 2021, 10(6), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060549 - 21 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2480

Abstract

Tourists’ experiential perceptions and specific behaviors are of importance to facilitate geographers’ and planners’ understanding of landscape surroundings. In addition, the potentially significant role of online user generated content (UGC) in tourism landscape research has only received limited attention, especially in the era [...] Read more.

Tourists’ experiential perceptions and specific behaviors are of importance to facilitate geographers’ and planners’ understanding of landscape surroundings. In addition, the potentially significant role of online user generated content (UGC) in tourism landscape research has only received limited attention, especially in the era of artificial intelligence. The motivation of the present study is to understand international tourists’ online reviews of Mt. Huangshan in China. Through a state-of-the-art natural language processing network (BERT) analyzing posted reviews across international tourists, our results facilitate relevant landscape development and design decisions. Second, the proposed analytic method can be an exemplified model to inspire relevant landscape planners and decision-makers to conduct future researches. Through the clustering results, several key topics are revealed, including international tourists’ perceptual image of Mt. Huangshan, tour route planning, and negative experience of staying. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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21 pages, 693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does the Tourism Development of a Destination Determine Its Socioeconomic Development? An Analysis through Structural Equation Modeling in Medium-Sized Cities of Andalusia, Spain

by Juan Antonio Parrilla-González

Land 2021, 10(4), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10040378 - 05 Apr 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1991

Abstract

Medium-sized European cities have been playing an increasingly significant role in the economic development of countries in recent decades, establishing themselves as genuinely specialized local production systems with great potential for stimulating the economy and generating added value. In many of these cities, [...] Read more.

Medium-sized European cities have been playing an increasingly significant role in the economic development of countries in recent decades, establishing themselves as genuinely specialized local production systems with great potential for stimulating the economy and generating added value. In many of these cities, in addition, tourism has become an incredibly strong economic activity with the capacity to stimulate local economies, as it contributes to the enhancement of endogenous resources and the generation of a multiplier effect on other economic sectors. This paper uses a structural equation model to demonstrate, first, that a direct relationship exists between tourism development and economic development and second, that, of all cities analyzed (medium-sized cities of Andalusia, Spain), those with a higher level of tourism development are actually those showing a higher level of socioeconomic development, which confirms that tourism has great potential as a tool for endogenous development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Issues and Their Impact on Tourism Development)

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