Territory Spatial Planning toward High-Quality Development in China II

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land Planning and Landscape Architecture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (11 December 2023) | Viewed by 17864

Special Issue Editors

Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: land use change; spatial planning; urbanization in China
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
College of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
Interests: spatial planning; land use/cover change and simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

China officially launched the unified spatial planning system—territory spatial planning in 2019, defining objectives, framework, requirements, procedures, and its role in national development. The new spatial planning system integrates the main functional zoning, land use planning, urban–rural planning, and eco-environmental planning into a unified planning system, including master planning, detailed planning and specialized planning, with the aim of alleviating the contradiction in the process of designing, implementing, and supervising spatial plans. It is widely acknowledged as a spatial-temporal deployment for the development and protection of territory space in a certain region.

At present, the territory spatial planning is playing an increasingly important role in China’s high-quality development. High-quality development requires changing from the outmoded philosophy of pursuing economic growth to emphasizing developmental quality and efficiency, including the realms of, for example, land development, environmental protection, and ecological restoration. As an instrument for the nation’s high-quality development, territorial spatial planning will contribute to optimizing the land use pattern, cracking environmental issues, promoting ecological restoration, etc., through multiple planning strategies.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide up-to-date knowledge in territory spatial planning and high-quality development in China. It aims to advance and share current insights in the theory, methodology, and application of territory spatial planning toward high-quality development in land use, economic growth, environmental management, etc. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. We invite articles whose analyses are based on both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Suggested topics may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Territory spatial planning theory;
  • Conceptual framework of spatial planning towards high-quality development;
  • Performance evaluation for territory spatial planning;
  • Territory spatial planning and land use/cover dynamics;
  • Territory spatial planning and high-quality economic development;
  • Territory spatial planning and equitable regional development;
  • Territory spatial planning and smart urban growth;
  • Territory spatial planning and cultivated land protection;
  • Territory spatial planning and sustainable ecological preservation;
  • Spatial regulatory systems in territory spatial planning;
  • Territory spatial planning and land development rights;
  • Territory spatial planning and natural resource/asset management;
  • Territory spatial planning and climate change;
  • Territory spatial planning and carbon neutrality;
  • Territory spatial planning and emerging data/approaches;

Prof. Dr. Wenze Yue
Dr. Yang Chen
Dr. Yang Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • territory spatial planning
  • high-quality development
  • planning theory
  • methodology
  • application
  • land use
  • China

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 2780 KiB  
Article
The Spatial Protection and Governance of Territories Based on the Ecological Product Supply: A Case Study in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China
by Wenying Peng, Xiaojuan Yuchi, Yue Sun and Ziyi Shan
Land 2023, 12(12), 2130; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122130 - 02 Dec 2023
Viewed by 757
Abstract
Territory space is an ecological resource carrier and place for human development. Human activities and ecological systems are the basis of ecological product supply. Promoting territories’ spatial protection and governance by improving the supply of ecological products is very important. In this study, [...] Read more.
Territory space is an ecological resource carrier and place for human development. Human activities and ecological systems are the basis of ecological product supply. Promoting territories’ spatial protection and governance by improving the supply of ecological products is very important. In this study, we established an ecological product supply capacity evaluation index system involving three types of ecological products, i.e., ecological environmental products, ecological material products, and ecological cultural products. For the case of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, we comprehensively used principal component analysis, the equivalent factor method, and the entropy method to evaluate the supply capacity of ecological products from 2011 to 2021. Then, we analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern, combining the natural breakpoint and quantile classification methods, and analyzed the obstacle factors using the obstacle degree model of ecological supply. The results show that the supply capacity of different ecological products in each city are closely related to their ecological resource endowment. The supply capacity of ecological products exhibited an upward trend, with the highest ecological environmental product supply being relatively smaller than the ecological material product supply, while the largest growth rate was for ecological cultural product supply. The supply capacity of different ecological products varied across cities over time and displayed noticeable spatial differentiation. The main obstacle factors included eco-land, eco-tourism, eco-leisure, park green space, and fishery products, although there were variations among cities. Finally, based on the level, spatial-temporal pattern, and obstacle factors of ecological product supply, we proposed strategies for territory spatial protection and governance from the perspectives of the integrated protection of elements, structural regulation, and systematic governance. The results reflected the ecological functional heterogeneity of the territory space, which can provide spatial planning guidance for sustainable development. Full article
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16 pages, 15644 KiB  
Article
Discussion on the Optimization Method of Public Service Facility Layout from the Perspective of Spatial Equity: A Study Based on the Central City of Shanghai
by Chen Chen
Land 2023, 12(9), 1780; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12091780 - 14 Sep 2023
Viewed by 876
Abstract
Equity is one of the fundamental principles in the planning of public service facilities. In recent years, many cities have started to promote the construction of 15 min community living circles with the aim of providing residents with more equitable access to basic [...] Read more.
Equity is one of the fundamental principles in the planning of public service facilities. In recent years, many cities have started to promote the construction of 15 min community living circles with the aim of providing residents with more equitable access to basic public services. Based on this background, this study explores an equity-oriented spatial quantitative analysis method to assist in the planning of public service facility layouts. The node centrality measurement index, such as betweenness from spatial syntax and social network analysis is introduced into the analysis method in order to consider the potential activity paths and flows of people at the community scale. Selecting the central city of Shanghai as a case study, the research presents results regarding spatial equity based on the relationship between public service demand and public service facilities supply. Building on this foundation, various approaches to enhancing equity are discussed: (1) optimizing the layout of public service facilities; (2) optimizing residential spatial patterns; and (3) optimizing pedestrian transportation networks. Full article
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20 pages, 3008 KiB  
Article
Farmland Transfer and Income Distribution Effect of Heterogeneous Farmers with Livelihood Capital: Evidence from CFPS
by Xueqi Wang, Zhongguo Xu, Guan Li, Yuefei Zhuo and Wei Zou
Land 2023, 12(7), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071398 - 12 Jul 2023
Viewed by 896
Abstract
Farmland transfer is a crucial aspect of modernizing China’s agriculture, which has a significant impact on farmers’ income distribution. With rapid urbanization, farmers’ livelihood has changed significantly, and the income effects of farmland transfer will differ among heterogeneous farmers. Based on the China [...] Read more.
Farmland transfer is a crucial aspect of modernizing China’s agriculture, which has a significant impact on farmers’ income distribution. With rapid urbanization, farmers’ livelihood has changed significantly, and the income effects of farmland transfer will differ among heterogeneous farmers. Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, this study examines the impact of farmland transfer on farmers’ income growth and income disparity, as well as the income differences in farmland transfer among farmers with different types of livelihood capital. An endogenous switching regression model and unconditional quantile treatment effects are used to correct the selection bias and farmer heterogeneity. The results show that (1) farmland transfer increases farmers’ income. Specifically, farmland transfer-in increases farmers’ income by 21.15%, while transfer-out increases it by 43.33%. (2) The impact of farmland transfer on farmers’ income has a “Matthew effect” and will widen the income gap between farmers. (3) Moreover, farmland transfer exhibits diverse income effects on heterogeneous farmers with livelihood capital. Capital-rich farmers experience the largest income-growth effect from farmland transfer-in, while capital-balanced farmers experience the largest income-growth effect from farmland transfer-out. The policy implications are to further improve the farmland transfer market and enable low-income farmers to participate by improving their qualifications and abilities. Full article
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20 pages, 11068 KiB  
Article
Coastal Wetland Restoration Strategies Based on Ecosystem Service Changes: A Case Study of the South Bank of Hangzhou Bay
by Xin Jing, Yuefei Zhuo, Zhongguo Xu, Yang Chen, Guan Li and Xueqi Wang
Land 2023, 12(5), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051110 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1463
Abstract
A unique variety of wetlands known as coastal wetlands that connect terrestrial and marine ecosystems is crucial to reducing and adapting to climate change as well as the advancement of human culture. However, the coastal wetland ecosystem is currently in danger as a [...] Read more.
A unique variety of wetlands known as coastal wetlands that connect terrestrial and marine ecosystems is crucial to reducing and adapting to climate change as well as the advancement of human culture. However, the coastal wetland ecosystem is currently in danger as a result of the increasing intensity of human activity, and wetland restoration and reconstruction have garnered a lot of interest. The differentiated ecological restoration strategies based on ecosystem service change analysis can provide a reference for the effective management and sustainability of coastal wetland ecosystems. The InVEST model and ArcGIS were used to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in ecosystem services before and after the implementation of coastal wetland restoration policies based on remote sensing image data, meteorological and soil data, etc. The ecological restoration pattern of coastal wetlands was divided, and the corresponding ecological restoration strategies were proposed in this study. The following are the results: (1) there are still many wetlands that have been converted to non-wetlands following the implementation of the wetland restoration policy, and the ecosystem services as a whole exhibit a rising and then falling trend, with a rise from 2005 to 2015, a fall in 2015 due to the creation of Hangzhou Bay New District, and a slight improvement to 2020. Among them, the water yield increased continuously, the carbon storage fluctuated, and the habitat quality did not improve significantly. (2) The hot spots of ecosystem services were concentrated in the south and southeast of the study area, with no obvious cold spots. (3) By comprehensively analyzing the changes and spatial patterns of ecosystem services, the coastal wetlands on the south bank of Hangzhou Bay were divided into an ecological conservation zone, a green development zone, and an ecological restoration zone at the township level, and corresponding optimization strategies were proposed. The results can provide a reference for the fine-grained and differentiated management of regional ecosystem services. Full article
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16 pages, 3086 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Expressway Development on Industrial Structure in Rugged Terrain: The Case of Sichuan Province, China
by Min Su, Miaomiao Guo, Weixin Luan and Feng Pian
Land 2023, 12(5), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051071 - 15 May 2023
Viewed by 1422
Abstract
The expressway is an important pillar of economic development and has a significant impact on the transformation of regional industrial structure. This study analyzes the optimization of the industrial structure and spatial distribution of three industries using relevant statistical data from Sichuan Province, [...] Read more.
The expressway is an important pillar of economic development and has a significant impact on the transformation of regional industrial structure. This study analyzes the optimization of the industrial structure and spatial distribution of three industries using relevant statistical data from Sichuan Province, China. It also assesses the influence of expressways on the change in industrial structures using a difference-in-differences model. The results indicate that regions with well-developed expressway networks generated high-added value for the three industry sectors. The introduction of expressways upgraded the industrial structure of mountainous regions with rich tourism resources, increasing the added value of the tertiary industry and constricting the secondary industry. While aiding the overall development of the regional economy, expressways optimized the industrial structure and guided the transformation of the secondary industry, along with the development of the tertiary industry. Similarly, the private-sector economy also developed rapidly owing to the introduction of expressways. This study would serve as a useful reference for studying the relationship between expressways and regional economic development. Full article
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16 pages, 984 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Regional Integration Strategies on the Formation of City Regions and Its Agglomeration Shadow: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta, China
by Yanlin Zhen, Dehao Shi and Yanan Lu
Land 2023, 12(5), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051053 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1167
Abstract
Using a sample of 122 county-level units in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2000 to 2017, this study employs a difference-in-differences model (DID) to examine the impact of regional integration strategy (RIS) on city-region formation and a difference-in-difference-in-difference model (DDD) to [...] Read more.
Using a sample of 122 county-level units in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2000 to 2017, this study employs a difference-in-differences model (DID) to examine the impact of regional integration strategy (RIS) on city-region formation and a difference-in-difference-in-difference model (DDD) to test whether it has spatial heterogeneity. The results indicate that RIS has a significant positive impact on industrial integration while it also displays obvious industrial heterogeneity and spatial heterogeneity. The results of the present study contribute to the following points: First, the implementation of RIS promotes a balanced layout of the secondary industry in the region, yet the tertiary industry tends to agglomerate towards central cities. Furthermore, we found that RIS has a more significant negative effect on the integration of the secondary industry and tertiary industry in cities adjacent to metropolis. Consequently, RIS magnifies the “agglomeration shadow” within city regions in terms of industrial integration. Last, our in-depth fieldwork on Jiaxing unravels the mechanism of the shadow effect of RIS. Full article
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22 pages, 5705 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Ecosystem Service Contribution and Identification of Trade-Off/Synergy Relationship for Ecosystem Regulation in the Dabie Mountains of Western Anhui Province, China
by Muyi Huang, Qilong Wang, Qi Yin, Weihua Li, Guozhao Zhang, Qiaojun Ke and Qin Guo
Land 2023, 12(5), 1046; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051046 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3091
Abstract
The study of tradeoffs/synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) is highly significant for land-use planning and regional ecosystem optimization. Land-use change and topographic factors have important implications for ESs. Strengthening the comparative analysis of the capacity of ESs provided by different land-use types in [...] Read more.
The study of tradeoffs/synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) is highly significant for land-use planning and regional ecosystem optimization. Land-use change and topographic factors have important implications for ESs. Strengthening the comparative analysis of the capacity of ESs provided by different land-use types in specific regions, studying the topographic gradient effects of ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies with slope changes, and identifying the dominate trade-off/synergy relationship among ESs will help us to carry out ecosystem regulation according to local conditions through land-use layout optimization at a fine scale. Our research site was located in the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui Province, China (DBM), where, based on the InVEST software, R language, self-organizing maps (SOM), and GeoDA, the temporal and spatial variations of five typical ESs, including food supply, soil retention, water yield, carbon storage, and biodiversity maintenance from 2005 to 2020, were analyzed, and spatial distributions of the different ESs clusters were also recognized by using the SOM method. Moreover, the impacts of land-use type and slope on ESs, and the characteristics of trade-offs/synergies among the five ESs, were discussed. Results showed, firstly, that the total values of ESs showed a changing trend of “three increases and two decreases” from 2005 to 2020. Among the ESs, food supply, soil retention and water yield showed upward trends, with annual growth rates of 2.83%, 6.50% and 2.98%, respectively, whereas carbon storage and biodiversity maintenance showed downward trends, with annual decline rates of 0.03% and 0.07%, respectively. Second, the results showed that the Moran’s I index of the total ESs was 0.3995 in 2005 and 0.4305 in 2020, respectively, indicating that they had significant spatial clustering characteristics. The Low-Low clustering regions with reduced changes were mainly in the central and northern parts of the study area, whereas the High-High clustering regions with increased changes were found distributed mainly in the south of the study area. Thirdly, it was found that cropland and woodland were the main contributors to the total amounts of ESs, but the supply capacity of ESs per unit area of woodland was the largest, constituting nearly 1/3 of the total supply capacity of the ESs. Last, the slope effect on trade-offs and synergies was significant between typical ecosystem service pairs in the study area; trade-offs were the main relationships between the pairs of ESs in the study area, which accounted for nearly 60% of all types of trade-offs/synergies during the 15 years. In addition, the spatial distributions of the trade-offs/synergies between ESs pairs were visualized clearly, and the six ES bundles were identified by using the SOM method at the township administrative scale. The identification of ecosystem service bundles is of great significance for the division of ecological functional zones and ecological regulation in the DBM. Full article
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24 pages, 3242 KiB  
Article
The Spatial Mismatch between Tourism Resources and Economic Development in Mountainous Cities Impacted by Limited Highway Accessibility: A Typical Case Study of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
by Maoyu Luo, Jiaming Li, Lingzhi Wu, Weiqin Wang, Zhuoga Danzeng, Lamu Mima and Renfeng Ma
Land 2023, 12(5), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051015 - 05 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1629
Abstract
We studied the misalignment between tourism resources and economic development in mountainous cities in the context of limited highway network accessibility. Using Lhasa City as a case study, we illustrated how to evaluate tourism resources and economic development and how to improve tourism [...] Read more.
We studied the misalignment between tourism resources and economic development in mountainous cities in the context of limited highway network accessibility. Using Lhasa City as a case study, we illustrated how to evaluate tourism resources and economic development and how to improve tourism resources and promote economic development. The tourism resources possessed by tourism destinations are prerequisites for tourism activities. This study focuses on the coupling coordination relationship between the degree of superiority in tourism resources and the level of economic development in Lhasa City. Data from Lhasa City in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were compared to explore a way of optimizing the spatial pattern of tourism development. The results of this study are as follows. (1) As a typical mountainous area on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, the accessibility of Lhasa’s mountainous area largely influences the choice of tourist destinations and is also an important indicator for evaluating the degree of tourism resource superiority. (2) On the whole, the economic development of Lhasa City and the degree of tourism resource superiority is not coordinated, mainly in the low coupling coordination stage, and with the passage of time, the degree of coupling coordination gradually becomes weaker. (3) If a town has advantageous tourism resources with slow economic development, it is easy to fall into the “resource curse” dilemma. In addition, if a town has poor tourism resources, it will be reduced to an outflow area of population and resources after leaving the investment drive, and easy to fall into the dilemma of the “poverty trap”. Full article
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25 pages, 8619 KiB  
Article
Research on the Interactive Relationship of Spatial Expansion between Estuarine and Coastal Port Cities
by Zeyang Li, Weixin Luan, Zhenchao Zhang and Min Su
Land 2023, 12(2), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020371 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2332
Abstract
In both developed and developing countries, port-city relationships have always attracted much attention. However, in the port–city interface, views differ as to whether the port drives the city or vice versa. The combination of remote sensing data and geospatial big data (point of [...] Read more.
In both developed and developing countries, port-city relationships have always attracted much attention. However, in the port–city interface, views differ as to whether the port drives the city or vice versa. The combination of remote sensing data and geospatial big data (point of interest) has provided a favorable solution. Taking the typical estuarine and coastal port cities in China’s coastal zone as an example, this study examines the following contents based on the port–city interface: the formation age of urban built-up areas and port areas on both sides of the port–city boundary; interaction between port and urban built-up areas; and the distribution of urban functional areas outside the port. Results show that the degree of spatial integration in estuarine port cities is higher than that of coastal port cities and that in the past 30 years, the expansion of ports has led to the expansion of cities. This expansion is port- and sea-oriented, and the expansion direction of the port city is consistent. On the port–city interface, the estuarine and coastal port cities form different urban regional structure modes. Aside from enriching literature on the port–city relationship, this study provides a reference for the spatial planning and transformation of ports and cities in the future. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 751 KiB  
Review
Fixability–Flexibility Relations in Sustainable Territorial Spatial Planning in China: A Review from the Food–Energy–Water Nexus Perspective
by Liping Shan, Chuyi Zhang, Tianxiao Zhou, Yuzhe Wu, Liang Zhang and Jiaming Shan
Land 2024, 13(2), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13020247 - 17 Feb 2024
Viewed by 574
Abstract
Territorial spatial planning involves fixability and flexibility in different driving factors related to control and development orientation, and they play an important role in regional sustainable development, especially in developing countries such as China. With rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, China has been impacted [...] Read more.
Territorial spatial planning involves fixability and flexibility in different driving factors related to control and development orientation, and they play an important role in regional sustainable development, especially in developing countries such as China. With rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, China has been impacted by conflicts between development and protection in territorial space. To integrate the contradictions among different territorial spatial planning measures, planners and scholars have started to focus on studies regarding fixability–flexibility relationships and integration. However, the relationship between and integration of fixability and flexibility in territorial spatial planning have yet to be clearly summarised. This paper explores an innovative research direction for the fixability–flexibility relations in territorial spatial planning from a new perspective, the Food–Energy–Water Nexus, which is a dynamic and comprehensive framework for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) studies. This paper covers the existing research on fixability and flexibility in territorial spatial planning. Moreover, after summarising the conflicts of fixability and flexibility, the dialectical relationship between and the integration of fixability and flexibility are researched. Full article
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17 pages, 3604 KiB  
Review
Urban Sprawl and Its Multidimensional and Multiscale Measurement
by Linlin Zhang, Xianfan Shu and Liang Zhang
Land 2023, 12(3), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12030630 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2480
Abstract
The evaluation and dynamic monitoring of urban sprawl is essential to the sustainable development of cities and therefore attracts enthusiasm from numerous scholars. This study conducted a thorough review of the literature on the multidimensional and multiscale measurement of urban sprawl. Firstly, it [...] Read more.
The evaluation and dynamic monitoring of urban sprawl is essential to the sustainable development of cities and therefore attracts enthusiasm from numerous scholars. This study conducted a thorough review of the literature on the multidimensional and multiscale measurement of urban sprawl. Firstly, it provides a definition based on the common characteristics of urban sprawl to contribute to a relatively uniform definition and judging criteria. Secondly, indicators of growth, morphology, density, land use mixture, and accessibility dimensions are sorted out, as well as dimensions that are not widely operationalized but make sense. Thirdly, the review spotlights single-dimensional measures in large-sample comparative studies and booming comparative studies based on multidimensional measures. Furthermore, another focus lies on different spatiotemporal combinations of temporal and spatial scales for the measurement. Overall, there are large gaps in comparative studies on the multidimensional measurement of urban sprawl under multiple spatiotemporal scales. In particular, few micro-scale studies focus on inner-city units, and few measure urban sprawl at multiple scales simultaneously. Finally, the challenges and future of multidimensional and multiscale measurements are discussed: relativity and uncertainty of sprawl criteria; strong dependence on the choice of spatiotemporal scales; comparability of sprawl measurements that remains to be improved; the necessity of long-term international cooperation on the measurement of urban sprawl at the global and regional levels. The article appeals for more multidimensional and multiscale urban sprawl measurement studies based on multi-case comparisons in the future, especially in the developing context. Full article
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