Update and Perspectives on Corneal Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanisms of Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2023) | Viewed by 6236

Special Issue Editor

Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Interests: corneal diseases; ocular surface disease; myopia; corneal transplantation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The cornea is not only the outmost layer of the eyeball, but it also transmits the light essential for vision, giving focus to images. Recent medical and technological innovations have improved cornea diagnosis and contributed to the variety of treatments available.

This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalized Medicine aims to explore updates and perspectives on all kinds of ocular surface diseases, such as keratitis, corneal neovascularization/lymphangiogenesis, dry eye, pterygium, ocular surface related surgery, etc. We are pleased to invite you to contribute studies that use basic science, clinical, and population-based approaches, including, but not limited to, mechanism research, diagnosis, and therapy. Original research articles and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Shiqi Ling
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • corneal diseases

  • dry eye
  • corneal transplantation
  • ocular-surface-related surgery

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3885 KiB  
Article
TIPE2 Inhibits MGD Inflammation by Regulating Macrophage Polarization
by Songjiao Zhao, Yankun Shen, Shinan Wu, Yi Shao, Ruize Shi, Yan Yan and Hui Zhao
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(3), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030492 - 09 Mar 2023
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Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to decide the role of the polarization of macrophages regulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Firstly, the secretory function of the meibomian gland (MG) in apolipoprotein [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to decide the role of the polarization of macrophages regulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Firstly, the secretory function of the meibomian gland (MG) in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) MGD mice and normal mice was detected by oil red staining. Then, the expression levels of markers of M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by immunofluorescence staining in MGD, normal mice, and mild and severe MGD corpses to decide the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in MGD inflammation. Meanwhile, the expression levels of TIPE2 in MGD mice and MGD patients were detected by immunofluorescence staining, and the correlations among TIPE2, M1 and M2 macrophages were analyzed by immunofluorescence double staining in MGD mice and MGD patients. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleulkin-4 (IL-4) were used to induce M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages, and the mRNA level of TIPE2 was detected in M1 and M2 macrophages. Results: Oil red staining showed that eyelid fat congestion was more severe in (ApoE-/-) MGD mice than in normal mice, and the M1 macrophage was the primary inflammatory cell infiltrated in (ApoE-/-) MGD mice (p < 0.05). The results of the immunofluorescence staining showed that the infiltration of macrophages in MGD mice was more obvious than that in the normal group, and M1 macrophage was the dominant group (p < 0.05). Similar to the results of the MGD mouse model, more macrophage infiltration was observed in MGD patients’ MG tissues, and there were more M1 cells in the severe group than in the mild group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of TIPE2 was positively correlated with the expression of M2 macrophages in MGD patients and mice MG tissues (p < 0.05). The expression of TIPE2 mRNA in LPS-induced M1 macrophages declined, while the expression of TIPE2 mRNA in IL-4-induced M2 macrophages increased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: M1 macrophage was the dominant group infiltrated in the MG tissue of MGD, and TIPE2 is a potential anti-inflammatory target for preventing the development of MGD by promoting the M2 polarization of macrophages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update and Perspectives on Corneal Diseases)
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14 pages, 3780 KiB  
Article
MLN4924 Promotes Self-Renewal of Limbal Stem Cells and Ocular Surface Restoration
by Qingjian Li, Yankun Shen, Shinan Wu, Hong Wei, Jie Zou, Sanhua Xu, Qian Ling, Min Kang, Hui Huang, Xu Chen and Yi Shao
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(3), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030379 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Objective: To study the role of MLN4924 in corneal stem cell maintenance and corneal injury repair. Methods: In cell experiments, the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat corneal epithelial cells were co-cultured with mitomycin C-inactivated mouse feeder cells in a supplemental hormonal epithelial medium (SHEM) with [...] Read more.
Objective: To study the role of MLN4924 in corneal stem cell maintenance and corneal injury repair. Methods: In cell experiments, the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat corneal epithelial cells were co-cultured with mitomycin C-inactivated mouse feeder cells in a supplemental hormonal epithelial medium (SHEM) with or without MLN4924. Cells were photographed using an optical microscope. Furthermore, we performed crystal violet, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence staining on limbal stem cells (LSCs). In animal experiments, we scraped the corneal epithelium with a central corneal diameter of 4 mm in SD rats. The area of the corneal epithelial defect was calculated by fluorescein sodium staining. Results: LSCs in the MLN4924 group had significantly proliferated. The MLN4924 treatment evidently enhanced the clone formation rate and clone area of LSCs. The expression levels of Ki67, p63, ABCG2, Bmi1, and C/EBPδ increased in LSCs after MLN4924 treatment, whereas the expression of K12 decreased. At 12 and 24 h after scraping, the corneal epithelium recovery rate in the eyes of the MLN4924-treated rats was accelerated. Conclusions: MLN4924 can maintain stemness, reduce differentiation, promote the proliferative capacity of rat LSCs, and accelerate corneal epithelial wound healing in SD rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update and Perspectives on Corneal Diseases)
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11 pages, 2550 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Accuracy and Influence Factors of Predicting Lenticule Thickness in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction by Machine Learning Models
by Huihang Wang, Shaobin Zheng, Shumin Tang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Yingying Chen and Yihua Zhu
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020256 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1189
Abstract
Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a safe and effective surgical procedure for refractive correction. However, the nomogram from the VisuMax femtosecond laser system often overestimates the achieved lenticule thickness (LT), leading to inaccurate estimation of residual central corneal thickness in some patients. In [...] Read more.
Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a safe and effective surgical procedure for refractive correction. However, the nomogram from the VisuMax femtosecond laser system often overestimates the achieved lenticule thickness (LT), leading to inaccurate estimation of residual central corneal thickness in some patients. In order to improve the accuracy of predicting achieved LT, we used machine learning models to make predictions of LT and analyze the influencing factors of LT estimation in this study. We collected nine variables of 302 eyes and their LT results as input variables. The input variables included age, sex, mean K reading of anterior corneal surface, lenticule diameter, preoperative CCT, axial length, the eccentricity of the anterior corneal surface (E), diopter of spherical, and diopter of the cylinder. Multiple linear regression and several machine learning algorithms were employed in developing the models for predicting LT. According to the evaluation results, the Random Forest (RF) model achieved the highest performance in predicting the LT with an R2 of 0.95 and found the importance of CCT and E in predicting LT. To validate the effectiveness of the RF model, we selected additional 50 eyes for testing. Results showed that the nomogram overestimated LT by 19.59% on average, while the RF model underestimated LT by −0.15%. In conclusion, this study can provide efficient technical support for the accurate estimation of LT in SMILE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update and Perspectives on Corneal Diseases)
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Review

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13 pages, 1316 KiB  
Review
Ophthalmic Manifestations in Fabry Disease: Updated Review
by Gloria Gambini, Luca Scartozzi, Federico Giannuzzi, Matteo Mario Carlà, Francesco Boselli, Tomaso Caporossi, Umberto De Vico, Antonio Baldascino and Stanislao Rizzo
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(6), 904; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060904 - 27 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1601
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, causing Gb-3 (globotriaosylceramide) buildup in cellular lysosomes throughout the body, in particular in blood vessel walls, neuronal cells, and smooth muscle. The gradual accumulation of this glycosphingolipid in numerous eye tissues causes conjunctival vascular [...] Read more.
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, causing Gb-3 (globotriaosylceramide) buildup in cellular lysosomes throughout the body, in particular in blood vessel walls, neuronal cells, and smooth muscle. The gradual accumulation of this glycosphingolipid in numerous eye tissues causes conjunctival vascular abnormalities, corneal epithelial opacities (cornea verticillata), lens opacities, and retinal vascular abnormalities. Although a severe vision impairment is rare, these abnormalities are diagnostic indicators and prognostics for severity. Cornea verticillata is the most common ophthalmic feature in both hemizygous men and heterozygous females. Vessel tortuosity has been linked to a faster disease progression and may be useful in predicting systemic involvement. New technologies such as optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) are useful for monitoring retinal microvasculature alterations in FD patients. Along with OCTA, corneal topographic analysis, confocal microscopy, and electro-functional examinations, contributed to the recognition of ocular abnormalities and have been correlated with systemic involvement. We offer an update regarding FD ocular manifestations, focusing on findings derived from the most recent imaging modalities, to optimize the management of this pathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update and Perspectives on Corneal Diseases)
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