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A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 4655

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Omar Kujan

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Guest Editor

UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
Interests: oral cancer; oral potentially malignant disorders; biomarkers; oral diseases

Prof. Ramesh Balasubramaniam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
Interests: oral medicine; oral health; oral diseases; orofacial pain

Prof. Agnieszka Frydrych

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
Interests: oral medicine; oral cancer; oral mucosal diseases; xerostomia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral diseases are known for their wide prevalence globally, leading to a deterioration of general health if they are left unmanaged. Dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancers of the lips and oral cavity are the most prevalent oral diseases, contributing to a global burden. Personalised dentistry is a new avenue for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of oral diseases. Innovative avenues and platforms to either further the understanding of the pathobiology of oral diseases or effectively manage patients diagnosed with these conditions and lesions are of most need.

This Special Issue therefore focuses on the recent advances and developments of oral diseases from bench to bedside in order to improve the standard of care for patients with these conditions and lesions.

Prof. Dr. Omar Kujan
Prof. Ramesh Balasubramaniam
Prof. Agnieszka Frydrych
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

oral diseases
dental care
periodontal diseases
tooth loss
oral cancers
personalised dentistry

Published Papers (4 papers)

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15 pages, 61057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aesthetic Gingival Melanin Pigmentation Treatment in Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Comparison Study Using Nd:YAG Laser and Ceramic Bur

Massa Mahayni

Omar Kujan

and

Omar Hamadah

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(7), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071034 - 23 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 977

Abstract

Aesthetic concerns are increasing rapidly; thus, several approaches have been suggested for treating gingival melanin pigmentation. Lasers have been reported as an effective new tool, and the Nd:YAG laser beam has an affinity for melanin and haemoglobin. However, ceramic gingival bur is simple and has less bleeding effect during operation than conventional techniques. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of gingival depigmentation using the Nd:YAG laser and ceramic bur in two different groups (smokers and non-smokers). A total of 40 patients presenting with gingival melanin pigmentation were enrolled in this split-mouth study. The sample was divided into two groups: smokers and non-smokers. Treatment was performed using the Nd:YAG laser (3 W, 60 mJ/pulse, and 50 Hz) and ceramic bur with a one-week interval between the two methods. Clinical indices were recorded, including intraoperative bleeding, wound healing, post-operative pain, and the recurrence of pigmentation, and follow-up periods were determined in the 3rd, 6th, and 9th months postoperatively. Both treatments promoted a similar pain experience and recurrence rate of pigmentation (p > 0.489, p = 1.000, respectively). Bleeding during surgery and complete healing recovery after one week were statistically significantly higher when using ceramic bur (p = 0.00, p = 0.041, respectively). Concerning the effect of smoking on the treatment, a higher recurrence rate was observed in SG than N-SG in laser sites (50%, and 95%, respectively) and bur sites (60%, and 85%, respectively), but statistically no significant difference was observed (p > 0.080). In conclusion, both procedures are adequate for aesthetic gingival depigmentation treatment. The Nd:YAG laser showed greater effectiveness in controlling bleeding, while ceramic bur showed a faster clinical recovery. Furthermore, smokers were more likely to have low depigmentation treatment stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)

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15 pages, 2508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inflammatory Cells Can Alter the Levels of H3K9ac and γH2AX in Dysplastic Cells and Favor Tumor Phenotype

Camila de Oliveira Barbeiro

Darcy Fernandes

Mariana Paravani Palaçon

Rogerio Moraes Castilho

Luciana Yamamoto de Almeida

and

Andreia Bufalino

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(4), 662; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040662 - 13 Apr 2023

Viewed by 904

Abstract

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are clinical presentations that carry an increased risk of cancer development. Currently, epithelial dysplasia grade is based on architectural and cytological epithelial changes and is used to predict the malignant transformation of these lesions. However, predicting which OPMD will progress to a malignant tumor is very challenging. Inflammatory infiltrates can favor cancer development, and recent studies suggest that this association with OPMD lesions may be related to the etiology and/or aggressive clinical behavior of these lesions. Epigenetic changes such as histone modifications may mediate chronic inflammation and also favor tumor cells in immune resistance and evasion. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between histone acetylation (H3K9ac) and DNA damage in the context of dysplastic lesions with prominent chronic inflammation. Immunofluorescence of “low-risk” and “high-risk” OPMD lesions (n = 24) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 10) as the control group was performed to assess histone acetylation levels and DNA damage through the phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX). Cell co-culture assays with PBMCs and oral keratinocyte cell lines (NOK-SI, DOK, and SCC-25) were performed to assess proliferation, adhesion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Oral dysplastic lesions showed a hypoacetylation of H3K9 and low levels of γH2AX compared to control. The contact of dysplastic oral keratinocytes with PBMCs favored EMT and the loss of cell–cell adhesion. On the other hand, p27 levels increased and cyclin E decreased in DOK, indicating cell cycle arrest. We conclude that the presence of chronic inflammation associated to dysplastic lesions is capable of promoting epigenetic alterations, which in turn can favor the process of malignant transformation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)

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11 pages, 901 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Salivary-Based Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA Level Is an Independent Prognostic Biomarker for Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020301 - 08 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1334

Abstract

Changes in the copy numbers of cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) have shown promising diagnostic utilities among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Considering the absence of objective prognostic tools for HNSCC surveillance, this study aimed to assess the utility of saliva-based cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA in predicting the overall survival of patients with HNSCC. The study included ninety-four patients with a confirmed HNSCC diagnosis with a mean follow-up time of 32.04 months (±19.1). A saliva-based liquid biopsy was collected from each patient. A multiplex quantitative PCR was used to determine the absolute number of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA. The Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess overall survival. The absolute copy numbers of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA were statistically significantly higher among the deceased patients than among the censored ones (p < 0.05). Individuals with elevated levels of cf-nDNA or cf-mtDNA were associated with a significantly poorer overall survival (p ≤ 0.05). A univariate analysis showed that only the absolute copy number of cf-mtDNA was the sole predictor of overall survival. However, the multivariate analysis showed that all the absolute copy numbers of cf-nDNA, the absolute copy numbers of cf-mtDNA, and the stage of HNSCC were predictors of overall survival. Our study confirms that saliva is a reliable and non-invasive source of data that can be used to predict the overall survival of patients with HNSCC, where cf-mtDNA levels act as the sole predictor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)

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11 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Role of Vitamins in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(10), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13101520 - 23 Oct 2023

Viewed by 719

Abstract

Background: Micronutrients are vital for general and oral health, and their potential anti-cancer properties are documented. We explore beneficial vitamins for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer (OC), assessing the therapeutic impacts of essential vitamin supplementation. Methods: We systematically review evidence on vitamin supplementation’s therapeutic effects for OPMDs and OC. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, Evidence-Based Medicine, and Web of Science until 16 May 2023. All studies underwent risk of bias using criteria modified from the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool. Results: We analysed 80 papers. Vitamin K, studied in vitro, shows promising therapeutic potential. Vitamin C, investigated in vivo (animals and humans), demonstrated mixed animal results and generally positive human trial effects. Vitamin A’s efficacy varied, with positive monotherapy or adjunct effects. Vitamins B and D showed therapeutic benefits. Oral cancer research was extensive, with a focus on oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia among the 11 OPMDs. All bias levels were reported in ‘selective reporting’ and ‘performance’, except for “definitely high” in the ‘selection’, ‘detection’, and ‘attrition/exclusion’ domains. Conclusions: Evidence of vitamin interventions for OPMDs and OC ranges from mixed to promising. Standardizing the study design and outcomes would enhance future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oral Diseases)

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