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Special Issue "Application of Medical Imaging in Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Personalized Treatment"

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A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Methodology, Drug and Device Discovery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2023) | Viewed by 7481

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Roberta Fusco

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Guest Editor

Medical Oncology Division, IGEA SPA, 80013 Napoli, Italy
Interests: oncology; screening; diagnosis; monitoring; precision medicine; radiomics

Dr. Vincenza Granata

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Guest Editor

Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Campania, Naples, Italy
Interests: oncology; screening; diagnosis; monitoring; precision medicine; radiomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Dear Colleagues,

The future of medicine lies in early diagnosis and personalized treatments, a concept that has been referred to as “personalized medicine” (PM), which aims to deliver the right treatment to the right patient at the right time. Medical imaging has always been personalized and is critical to almost all aspects of PM. It is instrumental in resolving clinical differential diagnoses. Imaging procedures are tailored to the clinical problem and patient characteristics. Screening for preclinical disease is carried out with imaging. Imaging biomarker-based stratification can help to identify suitable individuals for preventive intervention. Treatment decisions are based on in vivo visualization of the location and extent of an abnormality, as well as on locoregional physiological, biochemical, and biological processes using structural and molecular imaging. Image-guided biopsy provides tissue samples relevant for genetic/molecular characterization. Furthermore, radiomics and radiogenomics relate imaging biomarkers with clinical data and with these genetic and molecular characteristics. In addition, imaging is essential for patient-specific therapy planning, therapy monitoring, and disease follow-up, as well as for non-invasive or minimally invasive treatments, particularly with increased theranostics. This Special Issue aims to provide readers and in particular radiologists with this new paradigm as it will involve changes in training, clinical practice, and research.

Dr. Roberta Fusco
Dr. Vincenza Granata
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

oncology
screening
diagnosis
monitoring
precision medicine
radiomics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2009 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Experience of Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer Compared to Conventional Assessment: Light and Shadows

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(11), 1896; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111896 - 12 Nov 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1062

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the qualitative relationship between liquid biopsy and conventional tissue biopsy. As a secondary target, we evaluated the relationship between the liquid biopsy results and the T stage, N stage, M stage, and compared to grading. Methods: The Local Ethics Committee of the “Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli”, with the internal resolution number 24997/2020 of 12.11.2020, approved this spontaneous prospective study. According to the approved protocol, patients with lung cancer who underwent Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), CT-guided biopsy, and liquid biopsy were enrolled. A Yates chi-square test was employed to analyze differences in percentage values of categorical variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis was performed using the Matlab Statistic Toolbox (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results: When a genetic mutation is present on the pathological examination, this was also detected on the liquid biopsy. ROS1 and PDL1 mutations were found in 2/29 patients, while EGFR Exon 21 was identified in a single patient. At liquid biopsy, 26 mutations were identified in the analyzed samples. The mutations with the highest prevalence rate in the study populations were: ALK (Ile1461Val), found in 28/29 patients (96.6%), EML4 (Lys398Arg), identified in 16/29 (55.2%) patients, ALK (Asp1529Glu), found in 14/29 (48.3%) patients, EGFR (Arg521Lys), found in 12/29 (41.4%) patients, ROS (Lys2228Gln), identified in 11/29 (37.9%) patients, ROS (Arg167Gln) and ROS (Ser2229Cys), identified in 10/29 (34.5%) patients, ALK (Lys1491Arg) and PIK3CA (Ile391Met), identified in 8/29 (27.6%) patients, ROS (Thr145Pro), identified in 6/29 (20.7%) patients, and ROS (Ser1109Leu), identified in 4/29 (13.8%) patients. No statistically significant differences can be observed in the mutation rate between the adenocarcinoma population and the squamous carcinoma population (p > 0.05, Yates chi-square test). Conclusions: We showed that, when a genetic mutation was detected in pathological examination, this was always detected by liquid biopsy, demonstrating a very high concordance rate of genomic testing between tissues and their corresponding mutations obtained by liquid biopsy, without cases of false-negative results. In addition, in our study, liquid biopsy highlighted 26 mutations, with the prevalence of ALK mutation in 96.6% of patients, supporting the idea that this approach could be an effective tool in cases with insufficient tumor tissue specimens or in cases where tissue specimens are not obtainable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Medical Imaging in Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Personalized Treatment)

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12 pages, 899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Different Methods of Intraoperative Graft Perfusion Assessment during Kidney Transplantation for the Prediction of Delayed Graft Function: A Prospective Pilot Trial

Katarina A. P. Pecher

Augusto Ministro

Nuh N. Rahbari

Christoph Reissfelder

and

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(10), 1749; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101749 - 21 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1091

Abstract

Delayed graft function (DGF) after renal transplantation is a relevant clinical problem affecting long-term organ function. The early detection of patients at risk is crucial for postoperative monitoring and treatment algorithms. In this prospective cohort study, allograft perfusion was evaluated intraoperatively in 26 kidney recipients by visual and formal perfusion assessment, duplex sonography, and quantitative microperfusion assessment using O2C spectrometry and ICG fluorescence angiography. The O2C tissue spectrometry device provides a quantitative method of microperfusion assessment that can be employed during kidney transplantation as an easy-to-use and highly sensitive alternative to ICG fluorescence angiography. Intraoperative microvascular flow and velocity in the allograft cortex after reperfusion predicted DGF with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 82%. Threshold values of 57 A.U. for microvascular flow and 13 A.U. for microvascular velocity were identified by an ROC analysis. This study, therefore, confirmed that impairment of microperfusion of the allograft cortex directly after reperfusion was a key indicator for the occurrence of DGF after kidney transplantation. Our results support the combined use of intraoperative duplex sonography, for macrovascular quality control, and quantitative microperfusion assessment, such as O2C spectrometry, for individual risk stratification to guide subsequent postoperative management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Medical Imaging in Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Personalized Treatment)

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Review

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20 pages, 4093 KiB

Open AccessReview

Imaging Features of Main Hepatic Resections: The Radiologist Challenging

Alessandra Borgheresi

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010134 - 10 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1544

Abstract

Liver resection is still the most effective treatment of primary liver malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and of metastatic disease, such as colorectal liver metastases. The type of liver resection (anatomic versus non anatomic resection) depends on different features, mainly on the type of malignancy (primary liver neoplasm versus metastatic lesion), size of tumor, its relation with blood and biliary vessels, and the volume of future liver remnant (FLT). Imaging plays a critical role in postoperative assessment, offering the possibility to recognize normal postoperative findings and potential complications. Ultrasonography (US) is the first-line diagnostic tool to use in post-surgical phase. However, computed tomography (CT), due to its comprehensive assessment, allows for a more accurate evaluation and more normal findings than the possible postoperative complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and/or hepatospecific contrast agents remains the best tool for bile duct injuries diagnosis and for ischemic cholangitis evaluation. Consequently, radiologists should be familiar with the surgical approaches for a better comprehension of normal postoperative findings and of postoperative complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Medical Imaging in Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Personalized Treatment)

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14 pages, 1864 KiB

Open AccessReview

Structured Reporting in Radiological Settings: Pitfalls and Perspectives

Vincenza Granata

Federica De Muzio

Carmen Cutolo

Federica Dell’Aversana

and

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(8), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081344 - 21 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1505

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this manuscript is to give an overview of structured reporting in radiological settings. Materials and Method: This article is a narrative review on structured reporting in radiological settings. Particularly, limitations and future perspectives are analyzed. RESULTS: The radiological report is a communication tool for the referring physician and the patients. It was conceived as a free text report (FTR) to allow radiologists to have their own individuality in the description of the radiological findings. However, this form could suffer from content, style, and presentation discrepancies, with a probability of transferring incorrect radiological data. Quality, datafication/quantification, and accessibility represent the three main goals in moving from FTRs to structured reports (SRs). In fact, the quality is related to standardization, which aims to improve communication and clarification. Moreover, a “structured” checklist, which allows all the fundamental items for a particular radiological study to be reported and permits the connection of the radiological data with clinical features, allowing a personalized medicine. With regard to accessibility, since radiological reports can be considered a source of research data, SR allows data mining to obtain new biomarkers and to help the development of new application domains, especially in the field of radiomics. Conclusions: Structured reporting could eliminate radiologist individuality, allowing a standardized approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Medical Imaging in Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Personalized Treatment)

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20 pages, 15088 KiB

Open AccessReview

Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Desmoid Tumors: The Great Mime in the Era of Multidisciplinary Teams

Sergio Venanzio Setola

and

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(7), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071153 - 16 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1796

Abstract

Desmoid tumors (DTs), also known as desmoid fibromatosis or aggressive fibromatosis, are rare, locally invasive, non-metastatic soft tissue tumors. Although histological results represent the gold standard diagnosis, imaging represents the fundamental tool for the diagnosis of these tumors. Although histological analysis represents the gold standard for diagnosis, imaging represents the fundamental tool for the diagnosis of these tumors. DTs represent a challenge for the radiologist, being able to mimic different pathological conditions. A proper diagnosis is required to establish an adequate therapeutic approach. Multimodality imaging, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), should be preferred. Different imaging techniques can also guide minimally invasive treatments and monitor their effectiveness. The purpose of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art multidisciplinary imaging of DTs; and its role in patient management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Medical Imaging in Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Personalized Treatment)

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