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Special Issue "OMICS Revolution for Precision Medicine"

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A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Omics/Informatics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 9176

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Salvatore Scacco

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Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: translational research; personalized medicine; clinical biochemistry; molecular clinical biology; nanomedicine; regenerative medicine; neurosciences
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A great challenge regarding research data in healthcare, bioinformatics, and precision medicine is the extraction of insightful, actionable knowledge from the streams of omics data related to patients that can be translated into effective therapies tailored to the molecular characteristics of the actual, biological state of an individual. In the context of host-related, genetic background vulnerabilities, or dysregulation of commensal microbiome promoting pathogenic infections, the role of comorbidities may now be examined through the manifold exploitation of diverse sequencing technologies.

Advances in “omics” technologies (e.g., genome, transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, metabolome) and their correlation with the clinical phenotypes of the individual patient are enabling medicine to move from a “one-size-fits-all” approach toward a “personalized” model, helping to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying human disease and to provide both potential biomarkers and pharmacological targets for a more detailed patient stratification and personalized treatments. In this Special Issue, the most significant contributions of omics technologies, highlighting how these approaches are revealing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for future personalized interventions, are warmly welcome.

We especially encourage the submission of interdisciplinary works and multi-country collaborative research. We welcome the submission of original research papers using different study designs and critical and relevant reviews, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, methodological papers, and manuscripts that emphasize theoretical content.

Prof. Dr. Salvatore Scacco
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

precision medicine and omics/bioinformatics
health promotion
translational research
medicine and dentistry
clinical biochemistry and clinical molecular biology
biomedical research
cancer research
regenerative medicine
nanomedicine
oxidative stress
personalized medicine
natural compounds

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Hypoxia-Induced Neural Oxidative Stress

and

Mariarosaria Boccellino

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(8), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081202 - 23 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1564

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays an important role in brain aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. New therapeutic agents are necessary to cross the blood–brain barrier and target disease pathogenesis without causing disagreeable side effects. Resveratrol (RSV) may act as a neuroprotective compound, but little is known about its potential in improving the cognitive and metabolic aspects that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of RSV against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells. For the induction of the hypoxia model, the cells were exposed to oxygen-deprived gas in a hypoxic chamber. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by a fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) tests. The expression of activated caspase-3, -9, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and SOD was investigated by a Western blot analysis. We found that hypoxia reduced PC12 viability by inducing apoptosis, while RSV treatment attenuated the ROS-induced damage by reducing caspase-3, -9, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The RSV treated groups were found to improve cellular health, with a 7.41% increase in the S phase population in the 10 µM group, compared to the control. Hence, RSV has a protective effect in neuronal cells and may halt the cell cycle in the G1/S phase to repair the intracellular damage. Therefore, RSV could be a good candidate to act as an antioxidant and promising preventive therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative diseases for personalized medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue OMICS Revolution for Precision Medicine)

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Review

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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

“GONE WITH THE WIND”: The Transitory Effects of COVID-19 on the Gynecological System

Miriam Dellino

Antonella Vimercati

Antonio D’Amato

Gianluca Raffaello Damiani

Antonio Simone Laganà

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020312 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2472

Abstract

The coronavirus disease no longer seems to represent an insurmountable global problem. This is thanks to the advent of coronavirus vaccines, which have alleviated the most serious symptoms associated with this disease. On the other hand, there are still many extrapulmonary symptoms of COVID-19, and among these also those of a gynecological nature. At the moment, there are several questions in this field, one above all concerns the causal link between COVID-19, vaccines and gynecological alterations. Furthermore, another important aspect is represented by the clinical impact of post-COVID-19 gynecological alterations on the female population which, to date, would seem to be mainly due to their duration, even if the extent of these symptoms is still poorly understood. Furthermore, it is not possible to foresee eventual long-term aggravations, or more serious symptoms caused by other viral variants that may arrive in the future. In this review, we focus on this theme and attempt to reorganize the different pieces of a puzzle which, to date, does not seem to have shown us its complete picture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue OMICS Revolution for Precision Medicine)

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Open AccessReview

Testicular Immunity and Its Connection with the Microbiota. Physiological and Clinical Implications in the Light of Personalized Medicine

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J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(8), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081335 - 20 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2185

Abstract

Reproduction is a complex process, which is based on the cooperation between the endocrine–immune system and the microbiota. Testicular immunity is characterized by the so-called immune privilege, a mechanism that avoids autoimmune attacks against proteins expressed by spermatozoa. Testicular microbiota is connected with the gut microbiota, the most prevalent site of commensals inthe body. Both microbiotas take part inthe development of the immune system and protection againstpathogen invasion. Dysbiosis is caused by concurrent pathologies, such as obesity, diabetes, infections and trauma. The substitution of beneficial bacteria with pathogens may lead to destruction of spermatozoa directly or indirectly and, ultimately, to male infertility. Novel therapeutic interventions, i.e., nutritional interventions and supplementation of natural products, such as, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants and polyphenols, may lead to the restoration of the otherwise-impaired male reproductive potential, even if experimental and clinical results are not always concordant. In this review, the structure and immune function of the testis will be described with special reference to the blood–testisbarrier. The regulatory role of both the gut and testicular microbiota will be illustrated in health and disease, also emphasizing therapeutic attempts with natural products for the correction of male infertility, in the era of personalized medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue OMICS Revolution for Precision Medicine)

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Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceSystematic Review

Is the Non-Coding RNA miR-195 a Biodynamic Marker in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Prognostic Meta-Analysis

Mario Dioguardi

Francesca Spirito

Giorgia Apollonia Caloro

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020275 - 31 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1097

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose histological derivation comes from the mucous membranes lining the epithelium: the oral cavity, the larynx, the hypopharynx, the nasopharynx, and the oropharynx. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms involving tumor genesis including the alteration of cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and death may involve alterations in the expression of microRNA (miR). To date there have been no systematic reviews with meta-analysis conducted specifically on the role of miR-195 in HNSCC; therefore, our hypothesis was to evaluate if the aberrant expression of miR-195 in HNSCC tissues may represent a prognostic biomarker of survival through the hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) analysis. The systematic review was designed according to the PRISMA indications; in total, three electronic databases were consulted (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Trial) including Google Scholar and the gray literature, and a combination of keywords was used such as miR-195 AND HNSCC, microRNA AND HNSCC and miR-195. The meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed using RevMan 5.41 software and TSA software (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). This search identified 1592 articles and, at the end of the selection process, three articles were included. The results of the meta-analysis reported an aggregated risk ratio for overall survival (OS) between the expression of miR-195 at the highest and lowest of 0.36 and 6, respectively, 95% CI: [0.25, 0.51]. Heterogeneity was evaluated through Chi² = 0.05 df = 2 (p = 0.98) and the Higgins index I² = 0%. The test for the overall effect was Z = 5.77 (p < 0.00001). The forest plot was in favor of higher OS in patients with high miR-195 expression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue OMICS Revolution for Precision Medicine)

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Open AccessSystematic Review

Blood Biomarkers and Metabolomic Profiling for the Early Diagnosis of Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies

Eleni Laou

Theodoros Mavridis

Nikolaos Papagiannakis

and

J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(9), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091397 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1375

Abstract

Background: several blood-based biomarkers have been proposed for predicting vancomycin-associated kidney injury (VIKI). However, no systematic analysis has compared their prognostic value. Objective: this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the role of blood biomarkers and metabolomic profiling as diagnostic and prognostic predictors in pre-clinical studies of VIKI. Methods: a systematic search of PubMed was conducted for relevant articles from January 2000 to May 2022. Animal studies that administered vancomycin and studied VIKI were eligible for inclusion. Clinical studies, reviews, and non-English literature were excluded. The primary outcome was to investigate the relationship between the extent of VIKI as measured by blood biomarkers and metabolomic profiling. Risk of bias was assessed with the CAMARADES checklist the SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Standard meta-analysis methods (random-effects models) were used. Results: there were four studies for the same species, dosage, duration of vancomycin administration and measurement only for serum creatine and blood urea nitrogen in rats. A statistically significant increase was observed between serum creatinine in the vancomycin group compared to controls (pooled p = 0.037; Standardized Mean Difference: 2.93; 95% CI: 0.17 to 5.69; I² = 92.11%). Serum BUN levels were not significantly different between control and vancomycin groups (pooled p = 0.11; SMD: 3.05; 95% CI: 0.69 to 6.8; I² = 94.84%). We did not identify experimental studies using metabolomic analyses in animals with VIKI. Conclusions: a total of four studies in rodents only described outcomes of kidney injury as defined by blood biomarkers. Blood biomarkers represented included serum creatinine and BUN. Novel blood biomarkers have not been explored. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue OMICS Revolution for Precision Medicine)

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