Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products: From Exposure to Impacts on Human, Animal and Ecosystem Health towards an Integrated One Health Approach

A special issue of Journal of Xenobiotics (ISSN 2039-4713). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Chemicals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 June 2024 | Viewed by 7095

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Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, UMR 8079, Université Paris-Saclay, 12 Route 128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Interests: micropollutants; cyanobacteria; cyanotoxins; environmental toxicology; ecotoxicology; risk assessment
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been considered emerging environmental contaminants for a decade since they are not completely eliminated by traditional water and wastewater treatment methods. This has become a topic of major concern as PPCPs are widely and increasingly used in human and veterinary medicine, resulting in their continued release to the environment through domestic and hospital sewage and agricultural farms. An increasing number of studies have confirmed the presence of various PPCPs in different environmental compartments (e.g., water, sediments, and soils) at concentrations capable of causing detrimental effects to humans, animals, and the ecosystem. The environmental risk posed by these contaminants is assessed in light of persistence criteria, potential for elimination in wastewater treatment plants, transfer and bioaccumulation in the food chain, and toxicity.

This Special Issue aims to focus on the compilation of the current state of the art and future perspectives in pharmaceutical and human care products toward an integrated One Health approach with regard to:

  • Widespread occurrence of PPCPs in different environmental compartments;
  • Treatment and removal efficiencies of PPCPs;
  • Fate of PPCPs in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems;
  • Monitoring and detection methods of PPCPs;
  • Toxicity, ecotoxicity, and phytotoxicity of PPCPs;
  • Transfer of PPCPs in the food chain and associated threats to animal and human heath;
  • Risk assessment in terms of environment and animal and human health;
  • Laboratory, field, and modeling approaches to the above issues.

Dr. Noureddine Bouaïcha
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • pharmaceutical drugs
  • personal care products
  • treatment and removal
  • measurement and monitoring
  • ecotoxicity
  • food chain
  • human and animal health
  • risk assessment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1334 KiB  
Article
The Potential for Genotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Endocrine Disruption in Triclosan and Triclocarban Assessed through a Combination of In Vitro Methods
by Jan Chrz, Markéta Dvořáková, Kristina Kejlová, Danuše Očadlíková, Lada Svobodová, Lukáš Malina, Barbora Hošíková, Dagmar Jírová, Hana Bendová and Hana Kolářová
J. Xenobiot. 2024, 14(1), 15-30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jox14010002 - 21 Dec 2023
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Abstract
Triclosan and Triclocarban, preservatives widely used in cosmetics and other consumer products, underwent evaluation using a battery of new-approach methodologies in vitro (NAMs). Specifically, the Microplate Ames Test (MPF™ Test, Xenometrix, Allschwil, Switzerland) was employed to assess mutagenicity, the Comet assay in vitro [...] Read more.
Triclosan and Triclocarban, preservatives widely used in cosmetics and other consumer products, underwent evaluation using a battery of new-approach methodologies in vitro (NAMs). Specifically, the Microplate Ames Test (MPF™ Test, Xenometrix, Allschwil, Switzerland) was employed to assess mutagenicity, the Comet assay in vitro on the HaCat cell line and the Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test were utilized to evaluate genotoxicity, and the XenoScreen® YES/YAS assay was applied to investigate endocrine disruption. The chemicals did not exhibit any positive responses for mutagenicity. However, the mammalian chromosome aberration test identified both chemicals as being positive for genotoxicity at 10 µg/mL. In the Comet assay, the percentage of DNA in the tail significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner (at 5 and 10 µg/mL for Triclosan, at 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/mL for Triclocarban). The positive response depended on the increasing concentration and the duration of exposure. Triclosan, but not Triclocarban in any of the endocrine assays performed, indicated a potential for endocrine activity in the anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic assays. The positive in vitro results detected were obtained for concentrations relevant to final products. The alarming findings obtained with the use of new-approach methodologies (NAMs) justify the current precautionary regulatory approach, limiting the use of these preservatives. Full article
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Review

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11 pages, 293 KiB  
Review
Do Synthetic Fragrances in Personal Care and Household Products Impact Indoor Air Quality and Pose Health Risks?
by Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
J. Xenobiot. 2023, 13(1), 121-131; https://doi.org/10.3390/jox13010010 - 01 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5404
Abstract
Fragrance compounds (synthetic fragrances or natural essential oils) comprise formulations of specific combinations of individual materials or mixtures. Natural or synthetic scents are core constituents of personal care and household products (PCHPs) that impart attractiveness to the olfactory perception and disguise the unpleasant [...] Read more.
Fragrance compounds (synthetic fragrances or natural essential oils) comprise formulations of specific combinations of individual materials or mixtures. Natural or synthetic scents are core constituents of personal care and household products (PCHPs) that impart attractiveness to the olfactory perception and disguise the unpleasant odor of the formula components of PCHPs. Fragrance chemicals have beneficial properties that allow their use in aromatherapy. However, because fragrances and formula constituents of PCHPs are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), vulnerable populations are exposed daily to variable indoor concentrations of these chemicals. Fragrance molecules may trigger various acute and chronic pathological conditions because of repetitive human exposure to indoor environments at home and workplaces. The negative impact of fragrance chemicals on human health includes cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic effects (e.g., headaches, asthma attacks, breathing difficulties, cardiovascular and neurological problems) and distress in workplaces. Pathologies related to synthetic perfumes are associated with allergic reactions (e.g., cutaneous and pulmonary hypersensitivity) and potentially with the perturbation of the endocrine-immune-neural axis. The present review aims to critically call attention to odorant VOCs, particularly synthetic fragrances and associated formula components of PCHPs, potentially impacting indoor air quality and negatively affecting human health. Full article
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