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Oral Mycobiome
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Oral Mycobiome

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2019) | Viewed by 15802

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Richard D. Cannon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago Faculty of Dentistry, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Interests: oral microbiology; antifungal drug resistance; antifungal drug discovery; oral adhesion; Candida albicans
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fungi are important components of human microbiomes. Although often present in low numbers relative to bacteria, fungi can have profound effects on microbial communities, and cause infections under conditions of microbial dysbiosis. This is evident in the oral cavity where there are various manifestations of fungal diseases in the immunocompromised. Interest in, and investigation of, microbiomes is increasing rapidly. The study of bacterial and archaeal components of microbiomes is well established while the investigation of the fungal components is in its infancy. It is therefore pertinent and timely to devote a Special Issue of the Journal of Fungi to the oral mycobiome. There are many unanswered questions, and topics of interest, concerning the oral mycobiome. These include: the role of the host immune system in modulating the oral mycobiome; temporal and spatial variations in the oral mycobiome within individuals; variations in the oral mycobiome between individuals—of different health status, age, or geographic location; the occurrence of micro-evolution of fungal strains within the oral cavity; fungal inter-kingdom communication in the oral mycobiome; consequences of dysbiosis of microbiomes containing fungi; and the relationship between oral and gastrointestinal colonisation with fungi. Review and original articles on these, and other oral mycobiome-related, topics will be considered for publication.

Sincerely,

Prof. Dr. Richard Cannon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mycobiome
  • Oral fungi
  • Oral fungal colonization
  • Oral fungal infections

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3988 KiB  
Article
Integrated Analysis of Clinical and Microbiome Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Oral Candidiasis during Cancer Chemotherapy
by Patricia I. Diaz, Bo-Young Hong, Amanda K. Dupuy, Linda Choquette, Angela Thompson, Andrew L. Salner, Peter K. Schauer, Upendra Hegde, Joseph A. Burleson, Linda D. Strausbaugh, Douglas E. Peterson and Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
J. Fungi 2019, 5(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5020049 - 13 Jun 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4756
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy. To better understand predisposing factors, we followed forty-five subjects who received 5-fluorouracil- or doxorubicin-based treatment, during one chemotherapy cycle. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, prior to the first infusion, and at three additional [...] Read more.
Oral candidiasis is a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy. To better understand predisposing factors, we followed forty-five subjects who received 5-fluorouracil- or doxorubicin-based treatment, during one chemotherapy cycle. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, prior to the first infusion, and at three additional visits within a two-week window. We assessed the demographic, medical and oral health parameters, neutrophil surveillance, and characterized the salivary bacteriome and mycobiome communities through amplicon high throughput sequencing. Twenty percent of all subjects developed oral candidiasis. Using multivariate statistics, we identified smoking, amount of dental plaque, low bacteriome and mycobiome alpha-diversity, and the proportions of specific bacterial and fungal taxa as baseline predictors of oral candidiasis development during the treatment cycle. All subjects who developed oral candidiasis had baseline microbiome communities dominated by Candida and enriched in aciduric bacteria. Longitudinally, oral candidiasis was associated with a decrease in salivary flow prior to lesion development, and occurred simultaneously or before oral mucositis. Candidiasis was also longitudinally associated with a decrease in peripheral neutrophils but increased the neutrophil killing capacity of Candida albicans. Oral candidiasis was not found to be associated with mycobiome structure shifts during the cycle but was the result of an increase in Candida load, with C. albicans and Candida dubliniensis being the most abundant species comprising the salivary mycobiome of the affected subjects. In conclusion, we identified a set of clinical and microbiome baseline factors associated with susceptibility to oral candidiasis, which might be useful tools in identifying at risk individuals, prior to chemotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Mycobiome)
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10 pages, 1251 KiB  
Article
Yeast Species in the Oral Cavities of Older People: A Comparison between People Living in Their Own Homes and Those in Rest Homes
by Nurulhuda Mohd Thiyahuddin, Erwin Lamping, Alison M. Rich and Richard D. Cannon
J. Fungi 2019, 5(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5020030 - 12 Apr 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3740
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is prevalent among older people due to predisposing factors such as impaired immune defenses, medications and denture use. An increasing number of older people live in rest home facilities and it is unclear how this institutionalized living affects the quantity and [...] Read more.
Oral candidiasis is prevalent among older people due to predisposing factors such as impaired immune defenses, medications and denture use. An increasing number of older people live in rest home facilities and it is unclear how this institutionalized living affects the quantity and type of fungi colonizing these people’s oral cavities. Smears and swabs of the palate and tongue and saliva samples were taken from participants residing in rest homes (RH; n = 20) and older people living in their own homes (OH; n = 20). Yeast in samples were quantified and identified by culturing on CHROMagar Candida and sequencing the ITS2 region of rDNA. A higher proportion of RH residents had Candida hyphae present in smears compared to OH participants (35% vs. 30%) although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.74). RH residents had, on average, 23 times as many yeast per mL saliva as OH participants (p = 0.01). Seven yeast species were identified in OH samples and only five in RH samples, with Candida albicans and Candida glabrata being the most common species isolated from both participant groups. The results indicate that older people living in aged-care facilities were more likely to have candidiasis and have a higher yeast carriage rate than similarly aged people living at home. This may be due to morbidities which led to the need for residential care and/or related to the rest home environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Mycobiome)
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Review

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15 pages, 737 KiB  
Review
Candida Interactions with the Oral Bacterial Microbiota
by Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui and Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
J. Fungi 2018, 4(4), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040122 - 03 Nov 2018
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 6773
Abstract
The human oral cavity is normally colonized by a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, Archaea, viruses, and protozoa. Within the different oral microenvironments these organisms are often found as part of highly organized microbial communities termed biofilms, which display consortial behavior. [...] Read more.
The human oral cavity is normally colonized by a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, Archaea, viruses, and protozoa. Within the different oral microenvironments these organisms are often found as part of highly organized microbial communities termed biofilms, which display consortial behavior. Formation and maintenance of these biofilms are highly dependent on the direct interactions between the different members of the microbiota, as well as on the released factors that influence the surrounding microbial populations. These complex biofilm dynamics influence oral health and disease. In the latest years there has been an increased recognition of the important role that interkingdom interactions, in particular those between fungi and bacteria, play within the oral cavity. Candida spp., and in particular C. albicans, are among the most important fungi colonizing the oral cavity of humans and have been found to participate in these complex microbial oral biofilms. C. albicans has been reported to interact with individual members of the oral bacterial microbiota, leading to either synergistic or antagonistic relationships. In this review we describe some of the better characterized interactions between Candida spp. and oral bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Mycobiome)
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