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A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2021) | Viewed by 31018

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Do Kyun Kim

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Guest Editor

Group of Marine, Offshore and Subsea Technology (MOST), School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Interests: limit state design (ultimate limit, fatigue limit, accidental limit, serviceability limit); condition assessment of aged and damaged structures (corrosion, collision, grounding, fire, explosion); low temperature technology (Cryogenic, Arctic, LH₂, LNG, etc.); data processing (AI, ML, DL, etc.); target structures: ocean and shore structures (onshore, nearshore and offshore infrastructures)

Dr. Mohamed Latheef

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Univeristi Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
Interests: free surface flow modelling; nonlinear wave mechanics; floating body hydrodynamics; wave statistics / metocean; ocean and shore engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocean and Shore Technology (OST) encompasses the vast field of ocean engineering and any structure that is used in the “Shore” including onshore (= civil), nearshore (= coastal), and offshore (= subsea, naval architect, marine, mechanical etc.). These structures are required to navigate and withstand harsher environmental conditions with global weather changes and ever expanding global economic activities. While new design innovations are required to meet the challenges posed, the traditional methods need to be improved to ensure that structures survive in new (harsher) limits. To meet these challenges, in addition to state-of-the-art engineering, a better understanding of structural dynamics and structural behaviour is required. Therefore, we are inviting you to submit original work for this Special Issue on “Ocean and Shore Technology (OST)” in the areas including, but not limited to:

- Structural mechanics of shore structures
- Structural analysis of shore structures
- Structural design of shore structures (CAD, CAE, System design, Optimisation, etc.)
- Hydrodynamic analysis of shore structures (Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vortex-induced Vibration, Fluid-Structure Interaction, Hydroelasticity, Wave mechanics, Ship Resistance and Propulsion)
- Data processing and optimization techniques for shore structures (Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and conventional techniques)
- Structural health monitoring (= Condition Assessment) of shore structures
- Safety / Probability / Risk assessment of shore structures
- Damaged assessment of shore structures (Corrosion, Erosion, Fracture, Fatigue, Collision, Grounding, Fire, Explosion, Dropped Objects, Localised Dent, etc.)
- Material Modelling Techniques for shore structures
- Production and Management of shore structures

* Note: Example of shore structures

- Onshore structures = various infrastructures such as civil structures, etc.
- Nearshore structures = coastal infrastructures such as jetty, breakwaters, etc.
- Offshore structures = ocean infrastructures such as ships, offshore fixed and floating platforms, subsea systems, pipeline, riser, oil and gas facilities, FPSOs, FLNGs, renewable energy facilities, etc

Dr. Do Kyun Kim
Dr. Mohamed Latheef
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Ocean (= ship) and shore (= onshore, nearshore & offshore) structures
Structural health monitoring (= Condition assessment)
Structural mechanics / analysis / designSafety / probability / risk assessment
Hydrodynamic analysis
Data processing (AI, machine learning, deep learning, etc.)

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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29 pages, 25543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Gap Resonance on the Hydrodynamics and Dynamics of a Multi-Module Floating System with Narrow Gaps

by Mingsheng Chen, Hongrui Guo, Rong Wang, Ran Tao and Ning Cheng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(11), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111256 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2814

Abstract

Multi-module floating system has attracted much attention in recent years as ocean space utilization becomes more demanding. This type of structural system has potential applications in the design and construction of floating piers, floating airports and Mobile Offshore Bases (MOBs) generally consists of multiple modules with narrow gaps in which hydrodynamic interactions play a non-neglected role. This study considers a numerical model consisting of several rectangular modules to study the hydrodynamics and dynamics of the multi-module floating system subjected to the waves. Based on ANSYS-AQWA, both frequency-domain and time-domain simulations are performed to analyze the complex multi-body hydrodynamic interactions by introducing artificial damping on the gap surfaces. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of the gap width, shielding effects of the multi-body system, artificial damping ratio on the gap surface, and the dependency of the hydrodynamic interaction effect on wave headings is clarified. Based on the results, it is found that the numerical analysis based on the potential flow theory with artificial damping introduced can produce accurate results for the normal wave period range. In addition, the effects of artificial damping on the dynamics and connector loads are investigated by using a simplified RMFC model. For the case of adding an artificial damping ratio of 0.2, the relative heave and pitch motions are found to be reduced by 33% and 50%, respectively. In addition, the maximum cable and fender forces are found to be reduced by 50%, compared with the case without viscosity correction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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18 pages, 2655 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Integrity of Fixed Offshore Platforms by Incorporating Wave-in-Deck

by Nurul Uyun Azman, Mohd Khairi Abu Husain, Noor Irza Mohd Zaki, Ezanizam Mat Soom, Nurul Azizah Mukhlas and Sayyid Zainal Abidin Syed Ahmad

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9091027 - 18 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3927

Abstract

The structural integrity of offshore platforms is affected by degradation issues such as subsidence. Subsidence involves large settlement areas, and it is one of the phenomena that may be experienced by offshore platforms throughout their lives. Compaction of the reservoir is caused by pressure reduction, which results in vertical movement of soils from the reservoir to the mud line. The impact of subsidence on platforms will lead to a gradually reduced wave crest to deck air gap (insufficient air gap) and cause wave-in-deck. The wave-in-deck load can cause significant damage to deck structures, and it may cause the collapse of the entire platform. This study aims to investigate the impact of wave-in-deck load on structure response for fixed offshore structure. The conventional run of pushover analysis only considers the 100-year design crest height for the ultimate collapse. The wave height at collapse is calculated using a limit state equation for the probabilistic model that may give a different result. It is crucial to ensure that the reserve strength ratio (RSR) is not overly estimated, hence giving a false impression of the value. This study is performed to quantify the wave-in-deck load effects based on the revised RSR. As part of the analysis, the Ultimate Strength for Offshore Structures (USFOS) software and wave-in-deck calculation recommended by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as practised in the industry is adopted to complete the study. As expected, the new revised RSR with the inclusion of wave-in-deck load is lower and, hence, increases the probability of failure (POF) of the platform. The accuracy and effectiveness of this method will assist the industry, especially operators, for decision making and, more specifically, in outlining the action items as part of their business risk management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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25 pages, 11635 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Failure Pressure Prediction of a Corroded Pipeline with Longitudinally Interacting Corrosion Defects Subjected to Combined Loadings Using FEM and ANN

by Michael Lo, Saravanan Karuppanan and Mark Ovinis

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030281 - 05 Mar 2021

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2722

Abstract

Machine learning tools are increasingly adopted in various industries because of their excellent predictive capability, with high precision and high accuracy. In this work, analytical equations to predict the failure pressure of a corroded pipeline with longitudinally interacting corrosion defects subjected to combined loads of internal pressure and longitudinal compressive stress were derived, based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model trained with data obtained from the finite element method (FEM). The FEM was validated against full-scale burst tests and subsequently used to simulate the failure of a pipeline with various corrosion geometric parameters and loadings. The results from the finite element analysis (FEA) were also compared with the Det Norske Veritas (DNV-RP-F101) method. The ANN model was developed based on the training data from FEA and its performance was evaluated after the model was trained. Analytical equations to predict the failure pressure were derived based on the weights and biases of the trained neural network. The equations have a good correlation value, with an R² of 0.9921, with the percentage error ranging from −9.39% to 4.63%, when compared with FEA results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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13 pages, 2827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Localized Necking Models for Fracture Prediction in Punch-Loaded Steel Panels

by Burak Can Cerik, Kangsu Lee and Joonmo Choung

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(2), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020117 - 25 Jan 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2187

Abstract

This study compared the experimental test results on punch-loaded unstiffened and stiffened panels with numerical predictions using different localized necking modeling approaches with shell elements. The analytical models that were derived by Bressan–Williams–Hill (BWH) were used in their original form and extended version, which considers non-proportional loading paths while using the forming-severity concept and bending-induced suppression of through-thickness necking. The results suggest that the mesh size sensitivity depends on the punch geometry. Moreover, the inclusion of bending effects and the use of the forming-severity concept in the BWH criterion yielded improved estimations of fracture initiation with shell elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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34 pages, 18744 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transient Responses Evaluation of FPSO with Different Failure Scenarios of Mooring Lines

by Dongsheng Qiao, Binbin Li, Jun Yan, Yu Qin, Haizhi Liang and Dezhi Ning

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(2), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020103 - 20 Jan 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2397

Abstract

During the long-term service condition, the mooring line of the deep-water floating platform may fail due to various reasons, such as overloading caused by an accidental condition or performance deterioration. Therefore, the safety performance under the transient responses process should be evaluated in advance, during the design phase. A series of time-domain numerical simulations for evaluating the performance changes of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) with different broken modes of mooring lines was carried out. The broken conditions include the single mooring line or two mooring lines failure under ipsilateral, opposite, and adjacent sides. The resulting transient and following steady-state responses of the vessel and the mooring line tensions were analyzed, and the corresponding influence mechanism was investigated. The accidental failure of a single or two mooring lines changes the watch circle of the vessel and the tension redistribution of the remaining mooring lines. The results indicated that the failure of mooring lines mainly influences the responses of sway, surge, and yaw, and the change rule is closely related to the stiffness and symmetry of the mooring system. The simulation results could give a profound understanding of the transient-effects influence process of mooring line failure, and the suggestions are given to account for the transient effects in the design of the mooring system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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12 pages, 5725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Resistance Seam-Welded Invar Alloy Sheet by Instrumented Indentation Test

by Seunghun Choi, Jongho Won, Jung-Jun Lee, Hee-Keun Lee, Seong-Min Kim, Changhyun Cho and Dongil Kwon

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(12), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8121009 - 09 Dec 2020

Viewed by 2065

Abstract

Invar alloy sheet was welded by resistance seam welding (RSW) with a constant electrode force and three different welding currents. Tensile properties were evaluated using instrumented indentation testing (IIT) with a spherical indenter and microstructure observations were obtained under an optical microscope. IIT performed on the base material at room temperature (RT) and −163 °C, a cryogenic temperature (CT), gave results in good agreement with those of tensile testing. The strength of each zone was higher in the order of heat-affected zone (HAZ) < weld nugget (WN) < base material (BM) because the amount of cold working was least in the BM, heavy metal elements and carbon vaporized during melting, and the WN was formed more tightly than the HAZ, effectively constraining the plastic zone generated by the indentation. As for the welding current, the nugget, which becomes larger and tighter as the current increases, more effectively constrained the plastic zone in the indentation, and this soon increased the strength. Generally, Invar is known to consist of single-phase austenite, and microstructure observations have confirmed that the average grain size is ordered as BM < HAZ < WN. Fan-like columnar grains developed in the direction of the temperature gradient, and equiaxed grains were observed near the BM. It was confirmed that the grain size in the WN also increases as the current is increased. Interestingly, the constraint effect with increasing nugget size was more important for strength than the grain size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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21 pages, 13052 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Static Behaviors of a Long-span Cable-Stayed Bridge with a Floating Tower under Dead Loads

by Minseo Jang, Yunwoo Lee, Deokhee Won, Young-Jong Kang and Seungjun Kim

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(10), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100816 - 20 Oct 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3652

Abstract

Owing to the structural characteristics of floating-type structures, they can be effectively applied to overcome the limitation of conventional long-span bridges in deep water. Unlike cable-supported bridges with fixed towers, floating cable-supported bridges show relatively large displacements and rotations under the same load because of floating towers; moreover, the difference in the support stiffness causes differences in the behavior of the superstructures. In addition, the risk of overturning is greater than in conventional floating offshore structures because the center of gravity of the tower is located above the buoyancy center of the floater. A floating cable-supported bridge in which the tether supports the floating main tower is directly influenced by the tether arrangement, which is very important for the stability of the entire structure. In this study, according to the inclined tether arrangement, the outer diameter of the floater, and the buoyancy vertical load ratio (BVR), the static behavioral characteristics of the long-span cable-stayed bridges with floating tower are evaluated through nonlinear finite-element analysis. When the intersection of the tension line of the tether and a pivot point of the tower coincide, the tethers can no longer resist the tower’s rotation. For this reason, a large displacement occurs to equilibrate the structure, and further increases as it approaches the specific slope, even if it is not exactly the specific tether slope. The analytical model of this study indicates that, in terms of increasing the rotational stiffness of the main tower, it is advantageous to increase the floater diameter until a BVR of 1.8 is reached and to increase the axial stiffness of the tether from a BVR of 2.0 or higher. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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19 pages, 3726 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Burst Pressure Prediction of API 5L X-Grade Dented Pipelines Using Deep Neural Network

by Dohan Oh, Julia Race, Selda Oterkus and Bonguk Koo

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(10), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100766 - 30 Sep 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2189

Abstract

Mechanical damage is recognized as a problem that reduces the performance of oil and gas pipelines and has been the subject of continuous research. The artificial neural network in the spotlight recently is expected to be another solution to solve the problems relating to the pipelines. The deep neural network, which is on the basis of artificial neural network algorithm and is a method amongst various machine learning methods, is applied in this study. The applicability of machine learning techniques such as deep neural network for the prediction of burst pressure has been investigated for dented API 5L X-grade pipelines. To this end, supervised learning is employed, and the deep neural network model has four layers with three hidden layers, and the neural network uses the fully connected layer. The burst pressure computed by deep neural network model has been compared with the results of finite element analysis based parametric study, and the burst pressure calculated by the experimental results. According to the comparison results, it showed good agreement. Therefore, it is concluded that deep neural networks can be another solution for predicting the burst pressure of API 5L X-grade dented pipelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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23 pages, 10284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultimate Compressive Strength of Stiffened Panel: An Empirical Formulation for Flat-Bar Type

by Do Kyun Kim, Su Young Yu, Hui Ling Lim and Nak-Kyun Cho

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(8), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080605 - 13 Aug 2020

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3775

Abstract

This research aims to study the ultimate limit state (ULS) behaviour of stiffened panel under longitudinal compression by a non-linear finite element method (NLFEM). There are different types of stiffeners mainly being used in shipbuilding, i.e., T-bar, flat-bar, and angle-bar. However, this research focuses on the ultimate compressive strength behaviour of flat-bar stiffened panel. A total of 420 reliable scenarios of flat-bar stiffened panel were selected for numerical simulation by the ANSYS NLFEM. The ultimate strength behaviours obtained were used as data for the development of closed form shape empirical formulation. Recently, our group proposed an advanced empirical formulation for T-bar stiffened panel, and the applicability of the proposed formulation to flat-bar stiffened panel is confirmed by this study. The accuracy of the empirical formulation obtained for flat-bar stiffened panel was validated by finite element (FE) simulation results of statistical analysis (R² = 0.9435). The outcome obtained will be useful for ship structural designers in predicting the ultimate strength performance of flat-bar type stiffened panel under longitudinal compression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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Review

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25 pages, 2584 KiB

Open AccessReview

Offshore Structural Reliability Assessment by Probabilistic Procedures—A Review

by Sayyid Zainal Abidin Syed Ahmad, Mohd Khairi Abu Husain, Noor Irza Mohd Zaki, Nurul Azizah Mukhlas, Ezanizam Mat Soom, Nurul Uyun Azman and Gholamhossein Najafian

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090998 - 13 Sep 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3276

Abstract

Offshore installations must be built to resist fatigue as well as extreme forces caused by severe environmental conditions. The structural reliability analysis is the popular practise to assess a variety of natural waves determined by the long-term probability distribution of wave heights and corresponding periods on the site. In truth, however, these structures are subjected to arbitrary wave-induced forces in the open ocean. Hence, it is much more reasonable to account for the changed loading characteristics by determining the probabilistic characteristics of the random loads and outcomes responses. The key challenges are uncertainties and the non-linearity of Morison’s drag element, which results in non-Gaussian loading and response distributions. This study would analyze advances achieved to date in a comprehensive probabilistic review of offshore fixed jacket-type platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean and Shore Technology (OST))

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