Review

18 pages, 12988 KiB

Open AccessReview

Tidal Stream Turbine Biofouling Detection and Estimation: A Review-Based Roadmap

by Haroon Rashid, Mohamed Benbouzid, Hosna Titah-Benbouzid, Yassine Amirat and Abdeslam Mamoune

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050908 - 24 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2021

In the context of harvesting tidal stream energy, which is considered a promising source of renewable energy due to its high energy density, stability, and predictability, this paper proposes a review-based roadmap investigating the use of data-driven techniques, more specifically machine learning-based approaches, [...] Read more.

In the context of harvesting tidal stream energy, which is considered a promising source of renewable energy due to its high energy density, stability, and predictability, this paper proposes a review-based roadmap investigating the use of data-driven techniques, more specifically machine learning-based approaches, to detect and estimate the extent of biofouling in tidal stream turbines. An overview of biofouling and its impact on these turbines will be provided as well as a brief review of current methodologies and techniques for detecting and estimating biofouling. Additionally, recent developments and challenges in the field will be examined, while providing several promising prospects for biofouling detection and estimation in tidal stream turbines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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21 pages, 4558 KiB

Open AccessReview

Rehabilitation Techniques for Offshore Tubular Joints

by Mohsin Iqbal, Saravanan Karuppanan, Veeradasan Perumal, Mark Ovinis and Adnan Rasul

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020461 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1967

Abstract

Exposure to load and offshore environment degrades the load-bearing capacity of tubular joints, necessitating reinforcement of these joints. Reinforcement is sometimes required for lifespan enhancement or qualification based on new requirements. Available reinforcement techniques include welded rings inside/outside the chord, doubler/collar plate at [...] Read more.

Exposure to load and offshore environment degrades the load-bearing capacity of tubular joints, necessitating reinforcement of these joints. Reinforcement is sometimes required for lifespan enhancement or qualification based on new requirements. Available reinforcement techniques include welded rings inside/outside the chord, doubler/collar plate at the brace-chord interface, grout filling, and clamp installation on the joints with/without cement. While these techniques increase the load-bearing capacity of damaged tubular joints, various practical limitations exist. Clamping may require heavy machinery, whereas welding stiffeners involves hot work and may not be permitted sometimes. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have immense potential for reinforcing steel structures and are a viable alternative for rehabilitating tubular joints due to their exceptional mechanical and physical characteristics, offering competitive advantages over other methods. FRP reinforcement is becoming more feasible and economical for underwater joints. FRP reinforcement can be either precured, pre-impregnated, or wet layup. Aside from the significance of joint rehabilitation, a document covering the well-known options was lacking. This paper summarizes the advantages and limitations of these reinforcement methods, particularly FRP reinforcement. Possible research directions in FRP reinforcement of tubular joints are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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36 pages, 856 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Survey on Model-Based Control and Guidance Principles for Autonomous Marine Vehicles

by Loïck Degorre, Emmanuel Delaleau and Olivier Chocron

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020430 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1702

Abstract

With the increasing number of applications for both surface and underwater autonomous vehicles, a great amount of control methods and guidance principles has been developed over the years. This work proposes a review of the most common of these methods. It is mainly [...] Read more.

With the increasing number of applications for both surface and underwater autonomous vehicles, a great amount of control methods and guidance principles has been developed over the years. This work proposes a review of the most common of these methods. It is mainly focused on model-based nonlinear control methods and guidance principles. Notably, this work details examples and variations of model-based linearizing controllers, applications of line of sight guidance, sliding mode controllers and several other less common control methods for both fully-actuated and underactuated vehicles. Additionally, this work proposes an alternative definition of underactuation with respect to the task allowing for a better understanding of the consequences of underactuation on control. Comparison of fully-actuated and underactuated cases shows how control laws can be used to solve the problems of underactuation and what mechanisms can be used to compensate for the lack of actuation on a degree of freedom. The reviewed methods are compared and discussed with respect to their capabilities, limitations and suitability for typical tasks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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12 pages, 1037 KiB

Open AccessReview

Development of Subsea Pipeline Buckling, Corrosion and Leakage Monitoring

by Fengming Du, Cong Li and Weiwei Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(1), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010188 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2616

Abstract

Oil and gas exploration is a sector which drives the global economy and currently contributes significantly to global economic development. The safety of subsea pipelines is deeply affected by factors such as pipeline buckling, corrosion and leakage. Once a subsea pipeline is seriously [...] Read more.

Oil and gas exploration is a sector which drives the global economy and currently contributes significantly to global economic development. The safety of subsea pipelines is deeply affected by factors such as pipeline buckling, corrosion and leakage. Once a subsea pipeline is seriously leaking or damaged, it will cause a lot of waste of resources at light level, and it will cause explosions in severe cases, resulting in heavy casualties and huge economic losses, and at the same time, seriously damaging the surrounding ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to problems related to the buckling, corrosion and leakage of submarine pipelines. This paper consists of a literature review of the latest research about buckling, corrosion and leak detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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31 pages, 699 KiB

Open AccessReview

Color-Coded Hydrogen: Production and Storage in Maritime Sector

by Ivan Panić, Aleksandar Cuculić and Jasmin Ćelić

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1995; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121995 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5716

Abstract

To reduce pollution from ships in coastal and international navigation, shipping companies are turning to various technological solutions, mostly based on electrification and the use of alternative fuels with a lower carbon footprint. One of the alternatives to traditional diesel fuel is the [...] Read more.

To reduce pollution from ships in coastal and international navigation, shipping companies are turning to various technological solutions, mostly based on electrification and the use of alternative fuels with a lower carbon footprint. One of the alternatives to traditional diesel fuel is the use of hydrogen as a fuel or hydrogen fuel cells as a power source. Their application on ships is still in the experimental phase and is limited to smaller ships, which serve as a kind of platform for evaluating the applicability of different technological solutions. However, the use of hydrogen on a large scale as a primary energy source on coastal and ocean-going vessels also requires an infrastructure for the production and safe storage of hydrogen. This paper provides an overview of color-based hydrogen classification as one of the main methods for describing hydrogen types based on currently available production technologies, as well as the principles and safety aspects of hydrogen storage. The advantages and disadvantages of the production technologies with respect to their application in the maritime sector are discussed. Problems and obstacles that must be overcome for the successful use of hydrogen as a fuel on ships are also identified. The issues presented can be used to determine long-term indicators of the global warming potential of using hydrogen as a fuel in the shipping industry and to select an appropriate cost-effective and environmentally sustainable production and storage method in light of the technological capabilities and resources of a particular area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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18 pages, 6964 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Progress and Applications of Automated Vacuum Mooring Systems

by Kaicheng Yan, Shengdong Zhang, Jungkeun Oh and Dae-Won Seo

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081085 - 08 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3768

Abstract

Compared with the traditional mooring system, the automated vacuum mooring system can meet the development needs of large-scale ship automation, port automation, and environmental protection. This review describes the latest research focuses, progress, applications, and future perspectives regarding the automated vacuum mooring system. [...] Read more.

Compared with the traditional mooring system, the automated vacuum mooring system can meet the development needs of large-scale ship automation, port automation, and environmental protection. This review describes the latest research focuses, progress, applications, and future perspectives regarding the automated vacuum mooring system. First, the components, working principles, advantages, limits, and risks of the automated vacuum mooring system are discussed. Secondly, typical application cases of automated vacuum mooring systems are introduced, looking at two aspects of the ship-based system and shore-based system. Then, the routine maintenance of the automated vacuum mooring system is introduced. Finally, a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives of the automated vacuum mooring system is provided in this review. The advantages of an automated vacuum mooring system make it a potentially highly effective and economical option for a wider range of ship mooring than a traditional mooring system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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25 pages, 2954 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of the Development of Key Technologies for Offshore Wind Power in China

by Qixiang Fan, Xin Wang, Jing Yuan, Xin Liu, Hao Hu and Peng Lin

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(7), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070929 - 06 Jul 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5021

Abstract

In recent years, Offshore Wind Power (OWP) has gained prominence in China’s national energy strategy. However, the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) of wind power must be further reduced to match the average wholesale price. The cost-cutting and revenue-generating potential of offshore wind [...] Read more.

In recent years, Offshore Wind Power (OWP) has gained prominence in China’s national energy strategy. However, the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) of wind power must be further reduced to match the average wholesale price. The cost-cutting and revenue-generating potential of offshore wind generation depends on technological innovation. The most recent studies and applications of offshore wind technology are thoroughly examined. (1) Techniques for site selection, such as site surveys, wind resource assessments, and environmental factors, are reviewed. (2) Three main technical components in offshore wind farms are discussed, including wind turbine, foundations, and booster stations. (3) The state-of-the-art method of the offshore wind farm’s construction and operation and maintenance (O&M) practices is discussed. In situ marine geological surveying, large-scale offshore wind turbine manufacturing, integrated structural design, floating foundation design, flexible DC transmission technology, shortage of specialized vessels and equipment for construction, intelligence of O&M, and other issues are challenging China’s OWP industry. A brief overview of China’s efforts in standardization, parity, and research and development are discussed. Recommendations for future development of the wind power industry are provided for China, which may be referable for other nations with comparable circumstances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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31 pages, 14972 KiB

Open AccessReview

Development and Research Status of Tidal Current Power Generation Systems in China

by Hao Chen, Qi Li, Mohamed Benbouzid, Jingang Han and Nadia Aït-Ahmed

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(11), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111286 - 18 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3835

Abstract

Considering the depletion of oil, coal, gas and other fossil energy, and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, all countries in the world are developing clean and renewable energy, such as wind energy, water energy, solar energy, etc., to alleviate the current energy crisis. [...] Read more.

Considering the depletion of oil, coal, gas and other fossil energy, and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, all countries in the world are developing clean and renewable energy, such as wind energy, water energy, solar energy, etc., to alleviate the current energy crisis. Tidal current energy belongs to the marine renewable energy. It is clean, pollution-free, and abundant, with a good prospect of development due to its similarity with wind energy. This paper firstly analyses the reserves and distribution of tidal current energy in China. Then the early exploration of Tidal Current Power Generation System (TCPGS) in China is briefly introduced. Subsequently, it gives the details of the devices and experimental platforms of TCPGS that were researched and developed by various universities, research institutes and enterprises in China. The information mainly includes: the size and the capacity of the system, the support structure, turbine type, the selection of generator, and some river and offshore test information, etc. Finally, it discusses the similarities and differences between China and other countries in tidal current power generation technology, and summaries the current development status and gives the prospect of the TCPGS technology in China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Papers in Ocean Engineering)

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