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Light Fields in the Ocean from Natural and Artificial Sources
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Light Fields in the Ocean from Natural and Artificial Sources

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2020) | Viewed by 11749

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Oleg Kopelevich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
Interests: seawater optical properties; satellite ocean color; field studies; regional algorithms; climatic factors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special issue aims at presenting the results of new studies on light fields in the ocean. The term of "light fields" is interpreted here to a wider extent, encompassing not just a complete description of the angular radiance distribution at a given point, but also a partial description or the derived quantities, such as irradiance, radiance reflectance, diffuse reflectance, albedo, etc. The light fields may relate to the water medium itself, the sea surface, the atmosphere over the ocean, or the sea bottom; the light may be unpolarized or polarized, the light source natural or artificial, stationary or pulsed. Both theoretical results and from-field measurements are welcome; the presentation of new ideas and their realization, in particular the practical applications for the investigation and monitoring of the ocean and seas are encouraged. The particular topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

Topics:

  • Radiation transfer in the water media—direct and inverse problems; new computational availabilities;
  • Underwater light fields in different oceanological and meteorological conditions;
  • New methods and instruments for measuring the light fields underwater and above the sea surface;
  • Ocean optics in Arctic—features of propagation and reflection of solar radiation by the ice cover;
  • Propagation of optical signals, including short laser pulses, in the water media;
  • Polarization characteristics of the light fields, underwater and above the sea surface;
  • Vision of underwater objects through a wavy sea surface; optical diagnostics of the sea surface state;
  • Use of the radiation transfer equation approximations for the ocean remote sensing.

Original papers and thematic reviews are accepted.

Prof. Dr. Oleg Kopelevich
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ocean optics
  • Satellite observations
  • Field studies
  • Regional algorithms
  • Climatic factors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

34 pages, 6583 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Coccolithophore Bloom on the Underwater Light Field and the Albedo of the Water Column
by Oleg Kopelevich, Sergey Sheberstov and Svetlana Vazyulya
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(6), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060456 - 20 Jun 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2760
Abstract
The goal of this work is to study the influence of coccolithophore blooms on the underwater light field and albedo of the water column. A coccolithophore is a single-celled alga with spherical cells surrounded by disk-shaped calcite plates (coccolites), which produce strong light [...] Read more.
The goal of this work is to study the influence of coccolithophore blooms on the underwater light field and albedo of the water column. A coccolithophore is a single-celled alga with spherical cells surrounded by disk-shaped calcite plates (coccolites), which produce strong light scattering. Because of that, we can observe coccolithophore blooms on satellite ocean color images. We calculated the angular underwater radiance distributions and their integral parameters by the exact numerical method with the input parameters, corresponding to real conditions observed in the Barents Sea and Black Sea. Using the results of the exact calculations, we estimated, for various situations, the accuracy of the approximating formulas applied to the assessment of the water radiance reflectance and the diffuse attenuation coefficients and we make recommendations for their application. As a finding of practical importance, we can note the estimate of the accuracy of the widely used Gordon’s formula for the diffuse attenuation coefficient; this formula results in large errors under strong coccolithophore blooms. We also mention the interesting and important results concerning the features of the asymptotic regime under such conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light Fields in the Ocean from Natural and Artificial Sources)
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24 pages, 1080 KiB  
Article
Propagation and Depolarization of a Short Pulse of Light in Sea Water
by Evgeniy E. Gorodnichev, Kirill A. Kondratiev, Alexandr I. Kuzovlev and Dmitrii B. Rogozkin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(5), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050371 - 23 May 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2474
Abstract
We present the results of a theoretical study of underwater pulse propagation. The vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) underlies our calculations of the main characteristics of the scattered light field in the pulse. Under the assumption of highly forward scattering in seawater, three [...] Read more.
We present the results of a theoretical study of underwater pulse propagation. The vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) underlies our calculations of the main characteristics of the scattered light field in the pulse. Under the assumption of highly forward scattering in seawater, three separate equations for the basic modes are derived from the exact VRTE. These three equations are further solved both within the small-angle approximation and numerically. The equation for the intensity is analyzed for a power-law parametrization of the wings of the sea water phase function. The distribution of early arrival photons in the pulse, including the peak intensity, is calculated. Simple relations are also presented for the variance of the angular distribution of radiation, the effective duration of the signal and other parameters of the pulse. For linearly and circularly polarized pulses, the temporal profile of the degree of polarization is calculated for actual data on the scattering matrix elements. The degree of polarization is shown to be described by the self-similar dependence on some combination of the transport scattering coefficient, the temporal delay and the source-receiver distance. Our results are in agreement with experimental and Monte-Carlo simulation data. The conclusions of the paper offer a theoretical groundwork for application to underwater imaging, communication and remote sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light Fields in the Ocean from Natural and Artificial Sources)
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17 pages, 879 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Discrete Theory of Radiative Transfer in the Coupled “Ocean–Atmosphere” System: Current Status, Problems and Development Prospects
by Viktor P. Afanas’ev, Alexander Yu. Basov, Vladimir P. Budak, Dmitry S. Efremenko and Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(3), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030202 - 15 Mar 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2125
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the current state of the discrete theory of radiative transfer. One-dimensional, three-dimensional and stochastic radiative transfer models are considered. It is shown that the discrete theory provides a unique solution to the one-dimensional radiative transfer equation. All approximate [...] Read more.
In this paper, we analyze the current state of the discrete theory of radiative transfer. One-dimensional, three-dimensional and stochastic radiative transfer models are considered. It is shown that the discrete theory provides a unique solution to the one-dimensional radiative transfer equation. All approximate solution techniques based on the discrete ordinate formalism can be derived based on the synthetic iterations, the small-angle approximation, and the matrix operator method. The possible directions for the perspective development of radiative transfer are outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light Fields in the Ocean from Natural and Artificial Sources)
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13 pages, 1284 KiB  
Article
New Theoretical Model of the Irradiance Distribution in Water from a Unidirectional Point Source
by Lev S. Dolin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(2), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020079 - 25 Jan 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
Formulas are presented for calculating the irradiance field, which is formed in a turbid medium with a narrow scattering phase function and homogeneous optical properties when an infinitely narrow light beam passes through it. The calculations are based on a new mathematical model [...] Read more.
Formulas are presented for calculating the irradiance field, which is formed in a turbid medium with a narrow scattering phase function and homogeneous optical properties when an infinitely narrow light beam passes through it. The calculations are based on a new mathematical model of the stationary radiation field of an omnidirectional point source and relationships enabling one to represent the irradiance distribution in a continuous or modulated light beam through this field. The obtained formulas, in contrast to the previously known ones, permit taking into account the temporal spreading of a pulsed light beam in the sea without a significant decrease in the accuracy of describing its spatial structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light Fields in the Ocean from Natural and Artificial Sources)
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12 pages, 812 KiB  
Article
Received Probability of Vortex Modes Carried by Localized Wave of Bessel–Gaussian Amplitude Envelope in Turbulent Seawater
by Shibao Deng, Yun Zhu and Yixin Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(7), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070203 - 30 Jun 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2159
Abstract
By using the two-frequency coherence function model of a beam in a turbulent medium and the localized wave theory of the polychromatic beam, we develop the spectrum average mutual coherence function of the localized wave of Bessel–Gaussian amplitude envelope and the spectrum average [...] Read more.
By using the two-frequency coherence function model of a beam in a turbulent medium and the localized wave theory of the polychromatic beam, we develop the spectrum average mutual coherence function of the localized wave of Bessel–Gaussian amplitude envelope and the spectrum average coherence length of spherical wave. By the spectrum average coherence length and the spectrum average mutual coherence function, we construct a received probability of vortex modes carried by localized wave of Bessel–Gaussian amplitude envelope in anisotropic turbulent seawater. Our results show that the received probability of signal vortex modes increases with the increase of half-modulated pulse width of the input pulse, turbulent inner scale, anisotropic factor of turbulence and rate of dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid, but it increases with the decrease of the Bessel cone angle and the dissipation rate of the mean-squared temperature. We also find that there is a maximum effective beam waist for a given receiving aperture, and the vortex mode is more sensitive to salinity fluctuations than to temperature fluctuations in turbulence. Our conclusions show that localized wave of Bessel–Gaussian amplitude envelope is a more suitable beam for the vortex mode communication than conventional vortex waves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Light Fields in the Ocean from Natural and Artificial Sources)
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