State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 December 2022) | Viewed by 9180

Special Issue Editor

1. Former Professor, International Port and Logistics Department, Tongmyung University, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
2. Logi AI Innovation Lab, T2L, Koyang 1545, Republic of Korea
Interests: port automation; port capacity; container terminal automation; port productivity; port environment, energy, port information system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to COVID-19, the importance of ports as a key part of the supply chain is being recognized. The purpose of the invited Special Issue is to publish the most exciting research with respect to the above subjects and to provide a rapid turn-around time regarding reviewing and publishing, and to disseminate the articles freely for research, teaching, and reference purposes.

High-quality papers are encouraged for publication, directly related to various aspects, as mentioned below. Novel techniques for the study are encouraged.

  • Port management and engineering;
  • Port information platforms;
  • Port supply chain management;
  • Automatic container terminal;
  • Smart ports (ICT, operation, environment, energy, safety, security);
  • Port competition and marketing.

Prof. Dr. Nam Kyu Park
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • automatic container terminal
  • smart port
  • port SCM
  • port strategy
  • port information platform

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 155 KiB  
Editorial
State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering
by Nam Kyu Park
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(7), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071310 - 27 Jun 2023
Viewed by 984
Abstract
Ports and terminal management, coupled with engineering practices, play a critical role in facilitating global trade and optimizing logistics operations [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering)

Research

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17 pages, 1662 KiB  
Article
Factors Affecting Container Seaport Competitiveness: Case Study on Port of Rijeka
by Edvard Tijan, Marija Jović, Dražen Žgaljić and Saša Aksentijević
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101346 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2301
Abstract
In this research, the authors aimed to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of container seaports and apply the research results to the case study of the Port of Rijeka. The previous related research on the topic of the Port of Rijeka is [...] Read more.
In this research, the authors aimed to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of container seaports and apply the research results to the case study of the Port of Rijeka. The previous related research on the topic of the Port of Rijeka is valuable, however, the seaport competitiveness factors were not elaborated in detail, which also represents a research gap. As a first step, the authors identified the competitiveness factors influencing container seaports, using the literature review method. Further, the authors conducted the case study of the Port of Rijeka, using the following identified competitiveness factors: the port’s geographical location, feeder connection, and maritime connectivity, infrastructure and superstructure of the container terminal, berth length, depth of the port and port area characteristics, road and railway infrastructure, port reputation, costs, customs procedure efficiency, and ICT systems. Finally, the authors propose measures to improve the competitiveness of the Port of Rijeka. The presented case study could be used as a reference point for similar container seaports, which are aware of their limited resources, but need to increase their efficiency and competitiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering)
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22 pages, 3564 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Dynamic Method for Conflict-Free Integrated Schedule Optimization in U-Shaped Automated Container Terminals
by Bowei Xu, Depei Jie, Junjun Li, Yunfeng Zhou, Hailing Wang and Huiyao Fan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(9), 1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091187 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1620
Abstract
Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in the U-shaped automated container terminal travel longer and more complex paths. The conflicts among AGVs are trickier. The scheduling strategy of the traditional automated container terminal is difficult to be applied to the U-shaped automated container terminal. In [...] Read more.
Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in the U-shaped automated container terminal travel longer and more complex paths. The conflicts among AGVs are trickier. The scheduling strategy of the traditional automated container terminal is difficult to be applied to the U-shaped automated container terminal. In order to minimize the handling time of all tasks and avoid AGV conflicts simultaneously in the U-shaped automated container terminal, this paper establishes a hybrid programming model for conflict-free integrated scheduling of quay cranes, AGVs, and double-cantilever rail cranes in the unloading process. It consists of a discrete event dynamic model and a continuous time dynamic model. An improved genetic seagull optimization algorithm (GSOA) is designed. A series of numerical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and the efficiency of the model and the algorithm. The results show that the proposed method can simultaneously realize the AGVs collision avoidance and multi-equipment integrated scheduling optimization in the U-shaped automated container terminal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering)
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15 pages, 2055 KiB  
Article
Desktop Research into Historic Automation Projects of Brownfield Container Terminals
by Luis Burgos Gajardo, Poonam Taneja and Mark van Koningsveld
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050704 - 20 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
There is a global trend of automation of container terminals. However, there is a lack of literature to guide automation projects for brownfield terminals. Therefore, the experiences and lessons learnt from historical brownfield automation of container terminals are a valuable source of information [...] Read more.
There is a global trend of automation of container terminals. However, there is a lack of literature to guide automation projects for brownfield terminals. Therefore, the experiences and lessons learnt from historical brownfield automation of container terminals are a valuable source of information to guide future projects. This paper describes the brownfield container terminal automation projects carried out in recent years. For each project, the drivers, challenges, benefits, and drawbacks of automation were gathered using a questionnaire directed to operators of brownfield converted container terminals. The characteristics as to the terminal sizes and implemented solutions were gathered via a desk study. It was found that the main drivers for automation are operational cost reductions and higher productivity. However, the desired levels are not always reached and depend on the terminal conditions and the solutions adopted. The continuity of operations was also identified as a major challenge. Terminals have dealt with it either by following a phased, greenfield-like, or big bang approach. Most terminals have opted for semi-automated solutions (automation of yard equipment only); this resulted in fewer labor problems, improved vessel productivity, less required space, and better agility in dealing with disruptions. Most terminals have chosen either automated RMG or the automated version of their manned equipment for yard operations, although exceptions were observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering)
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20 pages, 3323 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Appointment Rescheduling of Trucks under Uncertainty of Arrival Time
by Bowei Xu, Xiaoyan Liu, Junjun Li, Yongsheng Yang, Junfeng Wu, Yi Shen and Ye Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050695 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1820
Abstract
The uncertainty of the arrival time of trucks has increased the complexity of terminal operations. The truck appointment system (TAS) cannot respond to this problem in time, which can easily cause appointment invalidation and reduce the efficiency of truck operations and terminal operations. [...] Read more.
The uncertainty of the arrival time of trucks has increased the complexity of terminal operations. The truck appointment system (TAS) cannot respond to this problem in time, which can easily cause appointment invalidation and reduce the efficiency of truck operations and terminal operations. This paper comprehensively considers the related constraints of truck re-scheduling costs, gate waiting costs, and idle emission costs. With the goal of minimizing the comprehensive operating costs of truck companies and port companies, a dynamic appointment rescheduling model for external trucks based on mixed integer nonlinear programming is established. This paper designs an adaptive quantum revolving door update mechanism and proposes a double-chain real quantum genetic algorithm. The simulation experiment results show that compared with the traditional scheduling, the truck dynamic appointment rescheduling model can effectively reduce the comprehensive operating costs of the truck company and the port company and alleviate the congestion of the port. The probability that the truck cannot arrive at the port on time, the advance time for the truck to confirm the arrival time, and the length of time that the external truck cannot arrive at the port on time have a significant impact on the cost of the reschedule of the TAS. This paper favorably supports the manager’s operational decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering)
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Other

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17 pages, 576 KiB  
Case Report
A Study of Rent Fee Assessment on the Port Railway Station: The Litigation Case Study of a Korean Container Terminal
by Nam Kyu Park and Yohan An
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081090 - 09 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1268
Abstract
This study provides a systematic method for determining the proper rent fee of a port railway station with a litigation case study of Busan port container terminal. The Port Rail Station Operating Company (PRSOC) leases and operates the port railway station of the [...] Read more.
This study provides a systematic method for determining the proper rent fee of a port railway station with a litigation case study of Busan port container terminal. The Port Rail Station Operating Company (PRSOC) leases and operates the port railway station of the port authority (PA). The PA wants to receive a rent fee with the goal of recovering the investment cost, and the PRSOC wants to pay rent to the extent that it can generate an appropriate profit. In order to reasonably estimate the rent fee, this study attempted using a method of estimating the capacity-based demand of the rail station. A recent discussion of terminal rentals concerns what to rent. That is, will only the infrastructure be leased, or will the substructure and the superstructure be leased? Will the infrastructure, superstructure, and equipment be leased? Rail station capacity encounters a bottleneck when measuring railroad track capacity, i.e. RMGC capacity. In other words, arbitrary demand estimation leads to operating losses for PRSOC and may also cause losses to investors because investment costs cannot be recovered. In this study, data such as investment cost, operating cost, and sales required for the construction of the rail station were collected from the Ministry of Ocean and Fishery, PA, and PRSOC. Based on these data, a proper rent fee is proposed by analyzing the cash flow on the premise of operation for the next 30 years. This study adopts the discounted cashflow (DCF) method because DCF allows an objective and consistent comparison of rent fee levels from the PA and PRSOC perspectives. Using DCF, this study finds that the proper rent fee from the perspective of the PA is USD 397,045, while the PRSOC’s proper rent fee is USD 355,801. Thus, it is reasonable to set the standard for determining the proper rent fee by calculating and comparing the rent fee level from the perspective of PA’s investment cost recovery and PRSOC’s operating balance maintenance perspective. This study suggests that the DCF method should be applied to standardize the rent fee calculation system for the port railway station. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art in Ports and Terminal Management and Engineering)
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