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Marine Environment Monitoring
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Marine Environment Monitoring

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Environmental Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 12870

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Valerio Zupo

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Guest Editor
Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
Interests: chemical ecology; drug discovery; biotechnology; marine invertebrates; microalgae; diatoms; sexual biology; invertebrate physiology; ecological modelling; aquaculture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Anna Di Cosmo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: invertebrates; pain; stress; nociception; sentience; cognition; cephalopods; crustaceans; mollusks; model invertebrates; aquaculture welfare; research ethics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Costantini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
Interests: drug discovery; marine biotechnology; marine organisms; molecular biology, molecular ecology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The management and sustainable exploitation of marine environments require significant monitoring. Various impacts have become more important in recent decades, such as global warming, ocean acidification, and climate changes, promoting synergistic effects on marine biota, and requiring fast recognition of local influences and responses. Thus, activities of marine environment monitoring need complex networks, also in accordance with the E.U. Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), to provide cost-effective and comprehensive data and indicators of environmental status. Various innovative tools have been developed in the last decades making substantial use of electronics and new connection paradigms, such as the Internet of things and G.I.S. localization, to assure real-time elaboration and transfer of information. This will lead to a deeper understanding of the functioning of ecosystems along with site-specific approaches to functional, whole-sea systems of monitoring. Besides this, bioindicators, molecular approaches (e.g., RT-PCR and meta-barcoding), and new generations of intelligent sensors will make the description of natural processes faster and sharper, permitting immediate reaction to stochastic events linked to human pressures. Methods able to combine both molecular approaches and innovative autonomous sensor systems would be desirable. In this Special Issue, contributions on local or wide-scale systems of monitoring, able to yield information about species assemblages, processes, paths, and trends of chemical, physical and biological indicators are welcome, along with innovative systems for assessing biodiversity and impacts of marine ecosystems.

Dr. Valerio Zupo
Prof. Anna Di Cosmo
Dr. Maria Costantini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Micro-organisms
  • Macro-fauna
  • Macro-flora
  • Blooms
  • In-situ
  • Remote sensing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 5740 KiB  
Article
Broadband Characteristics of Zooplankton Sound Scattering Layer in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Confluence Region of the Northwest Pacific Ocean in Summer of 2019
by Minghua Xue, Jianfeng Tong, Siquan Tian and Xuefang Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090938 - 29 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2667
Abstract
Acoustic technology, as an important investigation method for fishery resources, has been widely used in zooplankton surveys. Since the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region has an extensive distribution of zooplankton, describing and analyzing the characteristic of the zooplankton sound scattering layer (SSL) in this area [...] Read more.
Acoustic technology, as an important investigation method for fishery resources, has been widely used in zooplankton surveys. Since the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region has an extensive distribution of zooplankton, describing and analyzing the characteristic of the zooplankton sound scattering layer (SSL) in this area is essential for marine ecology research. To understand its spatial–temporal distribution, acoustic data of the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region at the Northwest Pacific Ocean, obtained by a Simrad EK80 broadband scientific echosounder in 2019, were used on board the research vessel (RV) Songhang. After noise removal, the volume backscattering strength (SV) was measured to plot the broadband scattering spectrogram of each water layer and to exhibit zooplankton distribution. The results show that the main sound scattering within 0–200 m originate from the zooplankton, and the SV of each layer increases with the rise of the transducer frequency. The magnitude of SV was closely synchronized with the solar altitude angle, which gets smaller when the angle is positive, then larger when the angle is negative. It means that the SSL has a diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior with the variation of solar height. Meanwhile, scattering strength was positively correlated with temperature in the vertical direction and showed a maximum of −54.31 dB at 20–40 m under the influence of the thermocline. The Kuroshio and Oyashio currents had an obvious influence on the scattering strengths in this study, indicating a low value when next to the Oyashio side and a high value on the Kuroshio side. The scattering strength near the warm vortex center was higher than that at the vortex edge. The results of this study could provide references for a long-term study on ecological environment variation and its impacts on zooplankton distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Environment Monitoring)
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11 pages, 2550 KiB  
Article
Physiological Responses of Intrinsic Small Abalone Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis under High Temperature Stress by Low Level 60CO Gamma Irradiation-Mediated Hormetic Effect
by Min-seok Jwa and Chang-Yu Hong
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(11), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110906 - 12 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1578
Abstract
Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis (H. diversicolor aquatilis) is one of the aquaculture abalone species in Jeju Island, South Korea. The high water temperature in the middle of the summer season frequently limits the aquaculture productivity of abalone. To cope with the problem, this study [...] Read more.
Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis (H. diversicolor aquatilis) is one of the aquaculture abalone species in Jeju Island, South Korea. The high water temperature in the middle of the summer season frequently limits the aquaculture productivity of abalone. To cope with the problem, this study aimed to investigate viability, attachment rate, changes of immune response, and physiological properties of juvenile small abalone Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis against high water temperature stress under 60CO-gamma irradiation-mediated hormetic effects. To examine physiological changes of abalone, the gamma-ray irradiated and non-irradiated groups were distinguished by grouping a total of 70 abalones in a treated group and a control group (each group included twenty-five female and ten male abalones). The treated group was exposed to 60CO-gamma irradiation using a designed experimental apparatus, the control group was not. Our results revealed that the low level of gamma ray (20 Gy)-irradiated Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis showed a 100% survival rate during the experiment. After gamma ray exposure, all the abalones were cultured without feeding and bioactivities were measured to examine gamma ray-induced physiological responses. The results suggested the potential for selective breeding using gamma ray irradiation hormesis to manipulate the number of eggs, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and attachment rate. The shell length of juvenile abalone was significantly enhanced by a 20 Gy radiation dose. We could presume that the effect of hormesis in the gamma-ray irradiation parent shellfish also had a genetic effect on the offspring. In order to verify changes in immune response and stress tolerance of abalone under high temperature stress, lysozyme activity and survival rates were compared at a water temperature of 30 °C. Interestingly, the 60Co gamma ray-irradiated abalones exhibited almost a 1.65-fold enhanced survival rate along with reduced lysozyme activity after 12 h of high temperature stress. Our results speculate that low levels of 60Co gamma ray-mediated hormetic effects can be an effective strategy for shell length growth and high temperature stress tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Environment Monitoring)
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Review

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16 pages, 2184 KiB  
Review
Characteristics and Trends of Ocean Remote Sensing Research from 1990 to 2020: A Bibliometric Network Analysis and Its Implications
by Qiang Wang, Jinping Wang, Mingmei Xue and Xifeng Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(3), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030373 - 06 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
The ocean is of great significance in the climate system, global resources and strategic decision making. With the continuous improvement in remote sensing technology, ocean remote sensing research has increasingly become an important topic for resource development and environmental protection. This paper uses [...] Read more.
The ocean is of great significance in the climate system, global resources and strategic decision making. With the continuous improvement in remote sensing technology, ocean remote sensing research has increasingly become an important topic for resource development and environmental protection. This paper uses bibliometric analysis method and VOSviewer visual software to conduct analysis. The analysis focuses on the period from 1990 to 2020. The analysis results show that articles have been steadily increasing over the past two decades. Scholars and researchers form the United States, China and Europe (mainly Western European countries), as well as NASA, Chinese Academy of Sciences and NOAA have bigger influence in this field to some extent. Among them, the United States and NASA holds the core leading position. Moreover, global cooperation in this field presents certain characteristics of geographical distribution. This study also reveals journals that include the most publications and subject categories that are highly relevant to related fields. Cluster analysis shows that remote sensing, ocean color, MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), chlorophy, sea ice and climate change are main research hotspots. In addition, in the context of climate warming, researchers have improved monitoring technology for remote sensing to warn and protect ocean ecosystems in hotspots (the Arctic and Antarctica). The valuable results obtained from this study will help academic professionals keep informed of the latest developments and identify future research directions in the field related to ocean remote sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Environment Monitoring)
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26 pages, 2351 KiB  
Review
Management and Sustainable Exploitation of Marine Environments through Smart Monitoring and Automation
by Francesca Glaviano, Roberta Esposito, Anna Di Cosmo, Francesco Esposito, Luca Gerevini, Andrea Ria, Mario Molinara, Paolo Bruschi, Maria Costantini and Valerio Zupo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020297 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4833
Abstract
Monitoring of aquatic ecosystems has been historically accomplished by intensive campaigns of direct measurements (by probes and other boat instruments) and indirect extensive methods such as aero-photogrammetry and satellite detection. These measurements characterized the research in the last century, with significant but limited [...] Read more.
Monitoring of aquatic ecosystems has been historically accomplished by intensive campaigns of direct measurements (by probes and other boat instruments) and indirect extensive methods such as aero-photogrammetry and satellite detection. These measurements characterized the research in the last century, with significant but limited improvements within those technological boundaries. The newest advances in the field of smart devices and increased networking capabilities provided by emerging tools, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), offer increasing opportunities to provide accurate and precise measurements over larger areas. These perspectives also correspond to an increasing need to promptly respond to frequent catastrophic impacts produced by drilling stations and intense transportation activities of dangerous materials over ocean routes. The shape of coastal ecosystems continuously varies due to increasing anthropic activities and climatic changes, aside from touristic activities, industrial impacts, and conservation practices. Smart buoy networks (SBNs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and multi-sensor microsystems (MSMs) such as smart cable water (SCW) are able to learn specific patterns of ecological conditions, along with electronic “noses”, permitting them to set innovative low-cost monitoring stations reacting in real time to the signals of marine environments by autonomously adapting their monitoring programs and eventually sending alarm messages to prompt human intervention. These opportunities, according to multimodal scenarios, are dramatically changing both the coastal monitoring operations and the investigations over large oceanic areas by yielding huge amounts of information and partially computing them in order to provide intelligent responses. However, the major effects of these tools on the management of marine environments are still to be realized, and they are likely to become evident in the next decade. In this review, we examined from an ecological perspective the most striking innovations applied by various research groups around the world and analyzed their advantages and limits to depict scenarios of monitoring activities made possible for the next decade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Environment Monitoring)
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