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3 pages, 182 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Computational Fluid Mechanics Methods and Applications in Marine Engineering

by Peng Du, Abdellatif Ouahsine, Haibao Hu and Xiaopeng Chen

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030606 - 13 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Ocean flows and their interactions with marine structures, vehicles, etc [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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21 pages, 6993 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation Study of the Horizontal Submerged Jet Based on the Wray–Agarwal Turbulence Model

by Bo Hu, Chuan Wang, Hui Wang, Qian Yu, Jinhua Liu, Yong Zhu, Jie Ge, Xinxin Chen and Yang Yang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(9), 1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091217 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1520

Abstract

The horizontal submerged jet (HSJ), as a special form of jet, is widely used in aerospace, food and drug, water engineering, and other industries. In order to further understand the mechanism of the HSJ, the Wray–Agarwal turbulence model was used to predict the [...] Read more.

The horizontal submerged jet (HSJ), as a special form of jet, is widely used in aerospace, food and drug, water engineering, and other industries. In order to further understand the mechanism of the HSJ, the Wray–Agarwal turbulence model was used to predict the HSJ with different incidence heights H/D and Reynolds number (Re) conditions in this paper. The results show that the jet horizontal height H/D has a large influence on the flow field structure. The unsteady flow within the flow field is dominated by vortexes. In addition, their distribution is relatively independent of H/D. Under different H/D conditions, the axial velocity distribution of the jet has very high similarity, all of them have an obvious velocity inflection point at x = 10D. When H/D is small, the wall attachment effect of the jet and the boundary layer effect generated at the bottom of the fluid domain have a certain role in maintaining the velocity of the jet near the wall, resulting in a significantly higher axial velocity than other H/D conditions, up to 1.29 times. In this paper, we thoroughly investigated the structure of the internal flow field and velocity distribution of the submerged horizontal jet. The results have a guiding significance for engineering practice and academic research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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18 pages, 10430 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Research of the Pressure Fluctuation of the Bow of the Submarine at Different Velocities

by Xing He, Qiaogao Huang, Guocang Sun and Xihui Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(9), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091188 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1590

Abstract

A numerical analysis based on stress-blended eddy simulation was conducted to investigate the pressure fluctuation of the bow of a submarine at various velocities (5.93 kn, 10 kn, and 12 kn). The simulation results were compared with the experimental data to demonstrate the [...] Read more.

A numerical analysis based on stress-blended eddy simulation was conducted to investigate the pressure fluctuation of the bow of a submarine at various velocities (5.93 kn, 10 kn, and 12 kn). The simulation results were compared with the experimental data to demonstrate the validity of the numerical method. Self-power spectrum and wave-number frequency spectrum were discussed from the perspective of energy. The results show that with increasing submarine velocity, the pressure fluctuation in the axial direction increases, the transition point moves forward, and the frequency of the Tollmien–Schlichting wave raises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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14 pages, 6179 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Two Manta Rays Tandem Gliding

by Yunlong Ma, Qiaogao Huang, Guang Pan and Pengcheng Gao

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(9), 1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091186 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2033

Abstract

Collective motion is a unique biological habit of manta rays. As the most basic unit, the hydrodynamic mechanism of tandem gliding deserves further study. In this paper, a numerical simulation method was used to explore the influence of the front-to-back distance and the [...] Read more.

Collective motion is a unique biological habit of manta rays. As the most basic unit, the hydrodynamic mechanism of tandem gliding deserves further study. In this paper, a numerical simulation method was used to explore the influence of the front-to-back distance and the angle of attack on the overall and individual hydrodynamic performance of a pair of manta rays gliding. Specifically, a numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic parameters and the distribution of pressure and velocity fields was carried out when the pair of manta rays were arranged at a distance of 0.25–1 times the body length and the angle of attack was −8° to 8°. The simulation results show that, when a pair of manta rays glide at close range, compared to a single manta ray gliding, the resistance of the leader is greatly reduced, and the lift changes little, while the resistance of the follower is greatly increased, and the lift is significantly reduced. For the average resistance of the system, in the specific scenario of a close range and a small negative degree angle of attack, the two manta rays’ tandem gliding system can significantly reduce the resistance and play a role in reducing resistance and saving energy. The research content of this paper provides a theoretical basis for understanding the biological habits of manta rays and designing an underwater bionic robot group system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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17 pages, 9659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Sloshing Characteristics in a Liquid Cargo Tank under Combination Excitation

by Qiong Zhang, Bo Shui and Hanhua Zhu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081100 - 11 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2240

Abstract

Sloshing is a common flow phenomenon in liquid cargo tanks and has a great negative impact on the stability and safety of ship navigation. It is important to understand the sloshing process of tanks under the excitation of complex external conditions for the [...] Read more.

Sloshing is a common flow phenomenon in liquid cargo tanks and has a great negative impact on the stability and safety of ship navigation. It is important to understand the sloshing process of tanks under the excitation of complex external conditions for the transportation of liquid cargo. In this paper, the sloshing characteristics of a liquid cargo tank are studied under the combination excitation conditions of roll and surge. The pressure distribution characteristics at different positions of the cargo tank are discussed, along with the influence of different excitation conditions on the pressure of the cargo tank. The results show that under the condition of combination excitation, the fluid sloshes along the diagonal direction of the tank, and the peak liquid height and peak pressure are located on the diagonal corner of the tank. The peak pressure at the lowest point on the diagonal of the tank is proportional to the amplitude of the roll angle and surge, and the change in roll angle amplitude has a significant impact on the pressure and liquid height at different positions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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16 pages, 6112 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Interactions of a Cable-Laying Vessel with a Submarine Cable during Its Landing Process

by Jianxun Kuang, Guodong Chen, Zhoulong Yuan, Xiajun Qi, Qianhao Yu and Zhen Liu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(6), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060774 - 03 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2317

Abstract

The rapid development of offshore electricity grid construction has led to a great demand for submarine cable deployment. In this study, a numerical model is established based on the commercial software ANSYS-AQWA to investigate the dynamic interactions between a cable-laying vessel and a [...] Read more.

The rapid development of offshore electricity grid construction has led to a great demand for submarine cable deployment. In this study, a numerical model is established based on the commercial software ANSYS-AQWA to investigate the dynamic interactions between a cable-laying vessel and a submarine cable during its landing process, which has not yet been reported and is critical to the safety of the cable. The numerical model was validated by an experimental test on the mooring stability of a vessel conducted in a wave tank. The effects of the cable length, the current velocity, the incident wave, and the wind direction on vessel stability and the tensions in the mooring lines and cable were investigated. When the cable length is short, the submarine cable acts as a mooring cable that can stabilize the hull, but it is not safe to apply force to the submarine cable. At the same time, an increase in the current speed also increases the tensile force of the submarine cable. The influence of different incident wave directions and wind directions on the stability and tension of ships in mooring lines and cables was studied, and the most unfavorable environmental conditions for submarine cable laying were determined under different environmental conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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20 pages, 3234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study on the Effect of Port Orientation on Multiple Inclined Dense Jets

by Seyed Ahmad Reza Saeidi Hosseini, Abdolmajid Mohammadian, Philip J. W. Roberts and Ozeair Abessi

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050590 - 26 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1774

Abstract

Wastewaters are commonly discharged into the seas and oceans through multiport diffusers. Accurate prediction of the complex interactions of multiport diffusers with the receiving water bodies is significant for the optimal design of outfall systems and has yet to be fully illuminated. In [...] Read more.

Wastewaters are commonly discharged into the seas and oceans through multiport diffusers. Accurate prediction of the complex interactions of multiport diffusers with the receiving water bodies is significant for the optimal design of outfall systems and has yet to be fully illuminated. In the current study, the mixing and dilution characteristics of multiple inclined dense jets are studied using a three-dimensional numerical simulation. The Launder, Reece, and Rodi (LRR) turbulence model is employed to perform the simulations, and the predictions are compared against available experimental data. The results indicate that the LRR turbulence model is a promising tool for the study of inclined dense jets discharged from multiport diffusers, and it can provide more accurate predictions of the mixing behavior than standard and re-normalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence models. The model is further employed to evaluate and compare the dispersion capabilities of multiport diffusers with uniform and non-uniform jet orientation to the horizontal, as a novel idea. The comparisons demonstrate the middle discharge may have a longer trajectory (7% and 5% increase in terminal rise height and impact point distance, respectively) and therefore a higher dilution rate (14% increase in impact dilution) when its adjacent jets are disposed with a different angle, compared to that of uniform discharges. The outcomes may be favorable for outfall systems applications involving dilution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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21 pages, 11460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Prediction of Convective Heat Flux on the Flight Deck of Naval Vessel Subjected to a High-Speed Jet Flame from VTOL Aircraft

by Ho-Sang Jang, Se-Yun Hwang and Jang-Hyun Lee

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020260 - 14 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2045

Abstract

This study examines the heat flux and convective heat transfer generated when a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft takes off and lands on the flight deck of a naval vessel. A procedure for analyzing the convective heat transfer imposed on the deck [...] Read more.

This study examines the heat flux and convective heat transfer generated when a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft takes off and lands on the flight deck of a naval vessel. A procedure for analyzing the convective heat transfer imposed on the deck by the high-temperature and high-velocity impingement of a VTOL jet is described. For the analysis, the jet velocity and the deck arrival temperature were calculated by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD), assuming that the heat flow is an impingement jet. The relationships between the diameter of the jet, the speed of impingement, and the exhaust temperature of VTOL are introduced to assess the inlet condition. Heat flow was analyzed using CFD techniques, and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and k-ε models were applied to model the turbulent motion. A procedure for evaluating the convection coefficient and convective heat flux from the calculated local velocity and temperature is presented. Simultaneously, a method for compensating the convection coefficient considering the singular velocity at the stagnation point is proposed. Furthermore, the accuracy was verified by comparing the convective heat flux and deck temperature predicted using CFD with the existing experimental studies. Finally, by applying finite element analysis (FEA) based on the thermal-structural interaction, the magnitude of thermal deformation due to conductive temperature and heat flux was presented as a design application of the flight deck. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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16 pages, 5933 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Investigation on Air Film Fusion of Pressure-Equalizing Exhaust around Shoulder Ventilation of Submarine-Launched Vehicle

by Yao Shi, Jinyi Ren, Shan Gao and Guang Pan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010039 - 31 Dec 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1591

Abstract

In order to study the influence of pressure-equalizing exhaust at the shoulder of a submarine-launched vehicle on the surface hydrodynamic characteristics, this paper establishes a numerical calculation method based on the VOF multiphase flow model, the standard RNG turbulence model and the overset [...] Read more.

In order to study the influence of pressure-equalizing exhaust at the shoulder of a submarine-launched vehicle on the surface hydrodynamic characteristics, this paper establishes a numerical calculation method based on the VOF multiphase flow model, the standard RNG turbulence model and the overset mesh technology; the method compares the fusion characteristics of the air film at the shoulder of the underwater vehicle, as well as the distribution of surface pressure along the vehicle’s axial direction. The results show that the approximate isobaric zone derived from air film fusion can greatly improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of the vehicle, and the number of venting holes determines the circumferential fusion time of the air film. The greater the number of venting holes, the sooner circumferential fusion starts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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21 pages, 15637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Blade Number on the Propulsion and Vortical Structures of Pre-Swirl Stator Pump-Jet Propulsors

by Han Li, Qiaogao Huang, Guang Pan, Xinguo Dong and Fuzheng Li

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(12), 1406; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121406 - 09 Dec 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2641

Abstract

Reducing the noise of the underwater propulsor is gaining more and more attention in the marine industry. The pump-jet propulsor (PJP) is an extraordinary innovation in marine propulsion applications. This paper inspects the effects of blade number on a pre-swirl stator pump-jet propulsor [...] Read more.

Reducing the noise of the underwater propulsor is gaining more and more attention in the marine industry. The pump-jet propulsor (PJP) is an extraordinary innovation in marine propulsion applications. This paper inspects the effects of blade number on a pre-swirl stator pump-jet propulsor (PJP) quantitatively and qualitatively. The numerical calculations are conducted by IDDES and ELES, where the ELES is only adopted to capture the vortical structures after refining the mesh. The numerical results show good agreement with the experiment. Detailed discussions of the propulsion, the features of thrust fluctuation in time and frequency domains, and the flow field are involved. Based on the ELES results, the vortices in the PJP flow field and the interactions between the vortices of the stator, rotor, and duct are presented. Results suggest that, though changing the blade number under a constant solidity does not affect the propulsion, it has considerable effects on the thrust fluctuation of PJP. The wakes of the stator and rotor are also notably changed. Increasing the stator blade numbers has significantly weakened the high-intensity vortices in the stator wake and, hence, the interaction with the rotor wake vortices. The hub vortices highly depend upon the wake vortices of the rotor. The hub vortices are considerably broken by upstream wake vortices when the load per rotor blade is high. In summary, the blade number is also vital for the further PJP design, particularly when the main concerns are exciting force and noise performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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23 pages, 15746 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Various Stator Parameters on the Open-Water Performance of Pump-Jet Propulsion

by Fuzheng Li, Qiaogao Huang, Guang Pan, Denghui Qin and Han Li

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(12), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121396 - 07 Dec 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2390

Abstract

In order to improve the hydrodynamic performance of pump-jet propulsion (PJP) when matching stator with the rotor, the RANS method with SST k-ω turbulence model is employed to study the influence of six kinds of stator parameters, which are classified into three [...] Read more.

In order to improve the hydrodynamic performance of pump-jet propulsion (PJP) when matching stator with the rotor, the RANS method with SST k-ω turbulence model is employed to study the influence of six kinds of stator parameters, which are classified into three groups, i.e., stator solidity, stator angles and rotor–stator spacing (S). Results show that the stator solidity involves the blade number (Ns) and chord length (L), has an obvious acceleration effect at and after stator, and produces a higher thrust and torque with a slight efficiency change. Further comparing Ns and L results, we find greater distinctions between the two cases when stator solidity is greatly adjusted. Three stator angles, i.e., stagger angle (α), lean angle (γ), and sweep angle (β), are studied. The α has the biggest effect on the thrust, torque, and efficiency; meanwhile, it shifts the advance number that corresponds to maximum efficiency. The effect of γ is similar to α, but its influence is far less than α. However, there is little difference between various β cases except for off-design conditions, where the efficiency drops dramatically as β increases. The S has a slight effect on PJP performance. Even though S decreases 34% relative to the original PJP, the rotor thrust and torque increase by less than 1%. In addition, we compare torque balance locations under various parameters, and each component force is analyzed in detail to explain the reason for performance variation. The present work is conducive to future optimization in PJP design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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12 pages, 6071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Propulsion Performance and Wake Dynamics of Heaving Foils under Different Waveform Input Perturbations

by Pengcheng Gao, Qiaogao Huang and Guang Pan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(11), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111271 - 15 Nov 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1381

Abstract

A numerical simulation is used to investigate the effects of adding high frequency and low amplitude perturbations of different waveforms to the sinusoidal-based signal of the heaving foil on the propulsion performance and wake structure. We use the adjustable parameter k to achieve [...] Read more.

A numerical simulation is used to investigate the effects of adding high frequency and low amplitude perturbations of different waveforms to the sinusoidal-based signal of the heaving foil on the propulsion performance and wake structure. We use the adjustable parameter k to achieve a heaving motion of various waveform cycle trajectories, such as sawtooth, sine, and square. Adding a perturbation of whatever waveform is beneficial in increasing the thrust of the heaving foil, especially by adding a square wave perturbation with a frequency of 10 Hz, pushes the thrust up to 10.49 times that without the perturbation. However, the addition of the perturbation signal brings a reduction in propulsion efficiency, and the larger the perturbation frequency, the lower the efficiency. The wake structure of the heaving foil behaves similarly under different waveform perturbations, all going through some intermediate stages, which eventually evolve into a chaotic wake with the increase in the perturbation frequency. However, a lower frequency square wave perturbation can destabilize the heaving foil wake structure. This work further explains the effect of different waveform perturbation signals on the base sinusoidal signal and provides a new control idea for underwater vehicles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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15 pages, 7591 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of Cavitation and Damping Force Characteristics for a High-Speed Supercavitation Vehicle

by Rui Lu, Guang Pan, Kun Tan and Shaoping Yin

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(11), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111171 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1497

Abstract

In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the supercavitation and hydrodynamic characteristics of high-speed vehicles. A homogeneous equilibrium flow model and a Schnerr–Sauer model based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method are used. Grid-independent inspection and comparison with experimental data in [...] Read more.

In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the supercavitation and hydrodynamic characteristics of high-speed vehicles. A homogeneous equilibrium flow model and a Schnerr–Sauer model based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method are used. Grid-independent inspection and comparison with experimental data in the literature have been carried out to verify the accuracy of numerical methods. The effect of the navigation speed and angle of attack on the cavitation morphology and dynamic characteristics has been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the angle of attack has a remarkable influence on the wet surface and hydrodynamic force, whereas navigation speed has little effect on the position force of the vehicle under the circumstance of no wet surface. The hydrodynamic force changes periodically with the swing of the vehicle, but its maximum is greater than that for the direct navigation state at the same attack angle. Moreover, the damping effect obviously affects the hydrodynamic force amplitude and movement trend. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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15 pages, 7761 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on Resistance, Squat and Ship-Generated Waves of Inland Convoy Passing Bridge Piers in a Confined Waterway

by Peng Du, Abdellatif Ouahsine, Philippe Sergent, Yannick Hoarau and Haibao Hu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(10), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101125 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1651

Abstract

The average and unsteady hydrodynamics of an inland convoy passing bridge piers in a confined waterway were investigated using both numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical simulations are realized by solving the RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) equations accounting for the solid body motion using [...] Read more.

The average and unsteady hydrodynamics of an inland convoy passing bridge piers in a confined waterway were investigated using both numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical simulations are realized by solving the RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) equations accounting for the solid body motion using the sliding mesh technique, while the experiments were carried out in the towing tank. The advancing resistance, trim, sinkage and ship-generated waves were analyzed as functions of the water depth, distance between bridge piers, draught and velocity. The existence of the piers is found to only influence the transient hydrodynamics of the convoy, but not the averaged properties. The ship-generated waves, especially the wave profiles at a specific lateral position, were characterized. Two wave crests exist at the pier position because of the additional reflections, creating a very complex wave pattern in the confined waterway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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23 pages, 50442 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of the Motion of a Large Scale Unmanned Surface Vessel in High Sea State Waves

by Shuo Huang, Weiqi Liu, Wanzhen Luo and Kai Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090982 - 08 Sep 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2421

Abstract

The motion stability of the Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) is threatened by the action of waves under a rough sea state. In the present paper, the motion of a large-scale USV is numerically simulated under high sea state of level 5 and 7. [...] Read more.

The motion stability of the Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) is threatened by the action of waves under a rough sea state. In the present paper, the motion of a large-scale USV is numerically simulated under high sea state of level 5 and 7. The overset grid method and Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach are employed to solve Navier–Stokes (N-S) equations. For the case of wave incident angle 0° and 30°, the heave, pitch and roll motion response of a large scale USV are investigated by using the six Degrees of Freedom (6-DOF) numerical model. The effects of different sea states, as well as different wave directions, on the motion of USV are compared. The comparative results indicate that the response of this USV in waves is the periodic free-motion according to the corresponding amplitude, which does not exceed the stable range, and there are no overturning and other situations that may affect the safety, in the case of level 5 and 7 sea states. The corresponding pressure at the bottom of this USV meets the range of material strength, and no structural damage or injury to the hull occurs, although the pressure varies at different wave periods. For the case of different wave directions, the analysis of the boundary layer thickness shows that the wave direction is of great importance to the boundary layer thickness distribution, both in the level 5 and level 7 sea states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Mechanics)

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