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Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change
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Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Coastal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 June 2023) | Viewed by 14679

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Iulia Anton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
Interests: coastal engineering; wave energy; wind energy; wind resources; wave resources; coastal erosion; coastal modelling; water resource
Dr. Dorothy M. Peteet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
Interests: blue carbon; paleoecology; tidal marshes; paleoclimate; climate modeling; salt marshes; marsh restoration; coastal resilience
Dr. Salem Gharbia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
Interests: water resources; climate change and integrated environmental systems modelling; environmental interventions using and adapting low-cost and high-end sensing technologies and numerical modelling
Dr. Roberta Paranunzio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), 10133 Torino, Italy
Interests: climate-related natural hazards; hotspot areas; extreme-weather events; climate data analysis; climate change scenarios; climate change adaptation; social vulnerability to climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many coastal cities have faced significant destruction of vital infrastructure from extreme-weather events, such as coastal flooding and sea-level rise, due to climate change. Additionally, the urban population is expected to grow over the next few decades, and the impact of climate change may significantly alter the socio-economic and environmental aspects of such cities. To avoid these drastic effects of climate change, the development of innovative Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) and Ecosystem-Based Approaches (EBA) is urgently needed. These solutions could enhance coastal cities’ climate resilience and address societal challenges in the mid- to long-term period. To adapt to and mitigate the potential impacts and risk of coastal hazards, high-resolution and local-scale data and models are needed to support new smart technologies for real-scenario interventions.

This Special Issue will present the current state of the art in this field, including reviews and research articles considering climate-change-related hazards in coastal cities and potential tools and approaches to cope with such events.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Identification, historical characterization and prediction of hazards in coastal cities and related risks of extreme climate effects.
  • Challenges in retrieving marine and climate data to develop urban-scale hazard modelling and scenarios.
  • Modelling the climate issues (e.g. sea-level rise, coastal erosion and flooding, etc.) at multiple temporal scales in coastal zones.
  • Natural-Based Solutions and Ecosystem-Based Approaches in coastal cities to combat climate-induced natural hazards. Development of smart technologies (e.g., digital twin prototypes, low-cost sensors and citizen science kits), strategies (e.g., coastal zone management plans) and guidelines to support climate resilience and assist in decision making for climate change adaptation.

Dr. Iulia Anton
Dr. Dorothy M. Peteet
Dr. Salem Gharbia
Dr. Roberta Paranunzio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coastal cities
  • sea level
  • coastal erosion
  • extreme-weather events
  • low-cost sensors
  • coastal zone management
  • climate resilience
  • ecosystem-based approach
  • climate change adaptation

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 161 KiB  
Editorial
Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change
by Iulia Anton, Roberta Paranunzio and Salem Gharbia
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(11), 2158; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11112158 - 13 Nov 2023
Viewed by 674
Abstract
“Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change” explores the complex relationship between coastal climate change and sea dynamics while placing the research within a broader context of climate change and its effects on coastal ecosystems [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change)

Research

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37 pages, 13805 KiB  
Article
Development and Application of a GIS for Identifying Areas for Ocean Energy Deployment in Irish and Western UK Waters
by Ross O’Connell, Rebecca Furlong, Marco Guerrini, Margaret Cullinane and Jimmy Murphy
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040826 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2382
Abstract
Ireland and the UK possess vast ocean energy resources within their respective maritime areas. However, not all offshore areas are suitable for deployment of ocean energy devices. This article describes the development of a multitude of geospatial data relating to ocean energy site [...] Read more.
Ireland and the UK possess vast ocean energy resources within their respective maritime areas. However, not all offshore areas are suitable for deployment of ocean energy devices. This article describes the development of a multitude of geospatial data relating to ocean energy site suitability, as well as a Web-GIS tool for hosting and performing analysis on this data. A validation of wave, water depth and seabed character data used in the study revealed good correlation between modelled and in situ data. The data is mapped, and the spatial patterns are discussed with relevance to ORE sector implications. A site selection model, which included much of this data, was developed for this study and the Web-GIS tool. A survey conducted with ocean energy technology developers revealed their desired site criteria. The responses were applied in a case study using the site selection model to uncover potential and optimum areas for deployment of both wave and tidal energy devices. The results reveal extensive areas of the Atlantic Ocean and Celtic Sea appropriate for wave energy deployment and less extensive areas for tidal energy deployment, in the Irish Sea and Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change)
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21 pages, 1369 KiB  
Article
Socio-Economic Assessment of Ecosystem-Based and Other Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Areas: A Systematic Review
by Mar Riera-Spiegelhalder, Luís Campos-Rodrigues, Elena Marie Enseñado, Janneke den Dekker-Arlain, Olympia Papadopoulou, Stratos Arampatzis and Koen Vervoort
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020319 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2555
Abstract
Coastal areas are highly vulnerable to climate-change hazards (e.g., sea-level rise, flooding, coastal erosion), which can lead to significant impacts at the ecosystem and societal level. Interest in ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is gaining importance due to its potential multiple benefits, including social and [...] Read more.
Coastal areas are highly vulnerable to climate-change hazards (e.g., sea-level rise, flooding, coastal erosion), which can lead to significant impacts at the ecosystem and societal level. Interest in ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is gaining importance due to its potential multiple benefits, including social and environmental aspects, when compared to more traditional approaches such as hard engineering interventions. When assessing EbA strategies, further understanding of the nature–society functions, processes, values, and benefits is needed to increase its application. This study contributes to better knowledge of EbA and other adaptation strategies by developing a systematic literature review of studies performing socio-economic assessments of climate-change adaptation in coastal areas. The analysis of 54 publications revealed that cost–benefit analysis was applied in most studies, followed by multi-criteria analysis and other techniques. Hybrid adaptation strategies based on different combinations of hard, soft, and EbA interventions were considered as potential optimal solutions in a significant part of the assessments. This study shows some potential co-benefits of EbA, such as livelihood diversification or biodiversity conservation, but also stresses the need for further research on this topic, as well as on evaluating how EbA performs in the long term under changing climate-condition scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change)
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15 pages, 2440 KiB  
Article
Sea-Breeze Front Research Based on Remote Sensing Methods in Coastal Baltic Sea Climate: Case of Lithuania
by Remigijus Dailidė, Greta Dailidė, Indrė Razbadauskaitė-Venskė, Ramūnas Povilanskas and Inga Dailidienė
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1779; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111779 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1784
Abstract
Sea breezes, as one of the most important local varieties of daily wind dynamics, are responsible for the formation of the climate by coasts of large bodies of water. In recent decades, due to climate change, the air temperature is rising, causing larger [...] Read more.
Sea breezes, as one of the most important local varieties of daily wind dynamics, are responsible for the formation of the climate by coasts of large bodies of water. In recent decades, due to climate change, the air temperature is rising, causing larger temperature gradients to form and the dynamics of the atmosphere to change globally and locally. This research investigated the spread of sea breezes in the years 2018–2019 during the warm period of the year (June, July, and August) to the mainland territory of the southeastern Baltic and coastal Lithuania by applying in situ and remote methods. The results of the study showed that sea-breeze fronts are better identified by the formation line of convective clouds in the continental part seen in remote images. During the first half of the day (until noon), the effect of sea breezes extends on average about 20–30 km from the coast of the sea. However, maximum extension of the breeze fronts can penetrate the continent much further than previously thought. During the summer, when the westward movement of air masses prevails, the band of cumulus (Cu) clouds formed by the sea breeze marks the front of the sea breeze, and at the time of the most extended spread (around 5 pm) in the continental part of Lithuania, the sea-breeze front is an average of around 60 km away from the seacoast. Until noon, the area covered by sea breezes in the western part of Lithuania extends over 1886.2 km2. During the second half of the day, the spatial spread of the breeze impacts an average area of about 6445.2 km2 by around 5 pm. Hence, the sea breeze affects not only the coastal climate region of Lithuania, as previously recognized, but it also affects the climate of part of the region of the Samogitian (Žemaitijos) Uplands of Lithuania. Remote-sensing methods helped to identify sea-breeze fronts and evaluate the limits of marine climate expansion along the seashore. The methods used in this work can play a role in answering the question of how climate change can affect the coastal climate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change)
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28 pages, 4775 KiB  
Article
Assessing Coastal Flood Risk in a Changing Climate for Dublin, Ireland
by Roberta Paranunzio, Marco Guerrini, Edward Dwyer, Paul J. Alexander and Barry O’Dwyer
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111715 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3348
Abstract
With increasing urban expansion and population growth, coastal urban areas will be increasingly affected by climate change impacts such as extreme storm events, sea level rise and coastal flooding. To address coastal inundation risk for impact studies, integrated approaches accounting for flood hazard [...] Read more.
With increasing urban expansion and population growth, coastal urban areas will be increasingly affected by climate change impacts such as extreme storm events, sea level rise and coastal flooding. To address coastal inundation risk for impact studies, integrated approaches accounting for flood hazard modelling, exposure and vulnerability of human and environmental systems are crucial. In this study, we model the impacts of sea level rise on coastal inundation depth for County Dublin, the most extensively urbanized area in Ireland, for the current period and for 2100 under two Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 4.5 and 8.5. A risk-centred approach has been considered by linking the information on coastal flood-prone areas to the exposure of the urban environment, in terms of potential future land cover changes, and to the socioeconomic vulnerability of the population. The results suggest significant challenges for Dublin city and the surrounding coastal areas, with an increase of around 26% and 67% in the number of administrative units considered at very high risk by the end of the century under a RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. This study aims to contribute to existing coastal inundation research undertaken for Ireland by (i) providing a first-level screening of flooding hazards in the study area, (ii) demonstrating how land cover changes and socioeconomic vulnerability can contribute to the level of experienced risk and (iii) informing local authorities and at-risk communities so as to support them in the development of plans for adaptation and resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change)
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22 pages, 6995 KiB  
Article
Estimating Quantitative Morphometric Parameters and Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Prokopos Lagoon Using Remote Sensing Techniques
by Dionysios N. Apostolopoulos, Pavlos Avramidis and Konstantinos G. Nikolakopoulos
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(7), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070931 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1927
Abstract
The Prokopos Lagoon is part of the Kotychi Strofilias National Wetlands Park, which is supervised by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change of Greece. The lagoon is situated at the northwestern coast of the Peloponnese and is protected by the Ramsar [...] Read more.
The Prokopos Lagoon is part of the Kotychi Strofilias National Wetlands Park, which is supervised by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change of Greece. The lagoon is situated at the northwestern coast of the Peloponnese and is protected by the Ramsar Convention. It is an important ecosystem with ecological services providing habitats for many plants and animals and essential goods and services for humans as well. No previous relevant studies for the wider wetland area are available, and given that lagoons are important ecosystems, their diachronic evolution should be under constant monitoring. Using remote sensing techniques in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, alterations in critical parameters could be measured and applied for the protection of the area. The present study examines the spatiotemporal changes of the water extent of the Prokopos Lagoon, estimating landscape metrics and several morphometric parameters and indices related to the geomorphological features of the lagoon for the 1945–2021 period. Moreover, the adjacent shoreline was studied for each past decade evolution from 1945 to present, and it is discussed to whether there is a relationship between shoreline changes and the lagoon. High resolution satellite images and air photos at scale 1:30,000 were used to digitize the shorelines and the polygons of the lagoon’s surface. Linear Regression Rates (LRR), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR) and Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE) provided by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) were used to determine the changes. Finally, future shoreline positions for 2021 and 2031 are estimated, while based on statistic models, we found that in the coastal area, the erosion–accretion cycle is predicted to be completed in 2031, after almost 86 years since 1945. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Changes of the Coastal Zones Due to Climate Change)
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