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Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II

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A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 18695

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Prof. Dr. Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh

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1. Department of Transport, Academy of Engineering, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
2. Director of Mechanical Characteristics Lab., Center for Laboratory Services, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Interests: stress analysis; structural fatigue; fatigue and fracture; residual stress; shot peening process; resistance spot weld; random loading; vibration; optimization; vehicle; road roughness; composite material; manufacturing process
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Mahmoud Chizari

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1. School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Interests: mechanical engineering; sustainable energy; structural integrity; design and manufacturing process; composite structures; experimental/computer simulations of solid/fluid materials; bioengineering
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Dr. Okan Unal

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78100, Turkey
Interests: fatigue; surface engineering; additive manufacturing; railway engineering; failure retardation; nanomaterials; severe plastic deformation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Dear Colleagues,

Marine structures are engineering facilities which are carefully designed, constructed, and installed in seaside zones/oceans for the exploitation of different marine resources. In general, these structures have three categories: fixed, mobile, and floating offshore platforms. However, they can be divided into different groups based on their application, material, and supporting system. These structures are generally impractical when it comes to design, considering all types of loads. Moreover, predicting the response of the marine structures to wind direction, the strength of the wind, etc., is complex. Therefore, the specialist employs some random variables to design the marine structures for describing the loads, dimensions, and structural properties, etc. Other than that, marine structures are additionally subjected to berthing loads and operational loads. Hence, the correct analysis of these structures is very important. Failures of marine structures and their accessories can lead to serious consequences, including financial losses, delays in delivery time, and a threat to the safety of the people. Therefore, one of the significant design requirements for any marine structure is to have a reasonably long and safe operational life cycle without any catastrophic failure. In other words, the maintenance of marine systems is important during its efficiency period, and most research has been performed to optimize issues or to increase the efficiency of marine systems. Nevertheless, failures still happen, causing financial losses and threatening human lives, particularly in modern structures with weight reduction but expanded load-carrying capacity. The engineering practice recognizes several reasons for the failure of such structures: excessive force and/or temperature-induced elastic deformation, yielding, fatigue, corrosion, and creep, etc. As a result, it is essential to identify potential threats in the first step that can affect the integrity of marine structures.

This Special Issue on “Failure Analysis of Marine Structures” focuses on advancing knowledge specifically on marine structures which are made of steel, concrete, composite, or new materials. Topics include, but are not limited to:

Static and dynamic structural responses including collapse behavior;
Impact and collision mechanics;
Fatigue and fracture, creep detection;
Material selection, corrosion, and structural degradation;
Formulation and application of design methods and criteria including system reliability analysis, and optimization techniques;
Inspection, condition and structural health monitoring, repair/replacement and maintenance;
Methodology and practices for marine structure lifetime extension;
Resilient design of marine systems;
Application of machine learning methods and data-driven models for strength and/or load/response predictions of marine structures.

Prof. Dr. Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh
Dr. Mahmoud Chizari
Dr. Okan Unal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Failure Analysis of Marine Structure in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (15 articles)

Published Papers (14 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5901 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Methodological Framework for Structural Reliability Assessment of Marine Structural Elements

by Vaso Mantzakopoulou and Konstantinos Anyfantis

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(11), 2099; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11112099 - 01 Nov 2023

Viewed by 851

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a robust framework to assist researchers in deciding which methods to use, depending on the problem at hand, in order to estimate the probability of failure of marine structural parts that are subjected to variable loads (both hull-girder and local pressure loads) that exhibit uncertainties in their material properties and that involve fabrication-related uncertainties. The limitations of analytical approaches both in deterministic mathematical modeling (strength formulas) and probabilistic estimation will be provided, and respective computational tools will be demonstrated (FEA and Monte Carlo simulation). The approach is showcased in flat and bow-defected rectangular plates through analytical and numerical approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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19 pages, 8355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Load Conditions on the Propeller Wake Evolution

by Duo Yu, Liang Wang, Haitian Liu and Mingchao Cui

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(9), 1674; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091674 - 25 Aug 2023

Viewed by 863

Abstract

The present work presents numerical research on the wake flows behind a propeller operating under three advance coefficients. Large eddy simulations are adopted to obtain the viscous flow information behind the propeller. In particular, the study highlights the comparison of the evolution characteristics and the flow physics within the propeller wakes with three advance coefficients. The predicted global force and moment coefficients and phase-average statistics of streamwise velocity agree well with the available experimental data. Compared to all other flow structures in the wake, the tip vortices are found to play the most significant role according to the results. During the pairing process of adjacent tip vortices, the tip vortices diffuse circumferentially, leading to enhanced mutual-induction effects. When the advance coefficient is low, the wake becomes distorted, and the pairing process takes place in the middle region of the flow field. As a result of their unstable motion, the four tip vortices generated by the propeller cannot be distinguished individually in the far field. Instead, they break down into smaller vortices and tend to distribute themselves uniformly in the azimuthal direction. The increase in the advance coefficient delays the pairing process. This study offers valuable insights for the design and optimization of marine propellers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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17 pages, 5310 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Conventional Shot Peening Treatment on the Service Life Improvement of Bridge Steel Piles Subjected to Sea Wave Impact

by Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh and Mahmoud Chizari

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(8), 1570; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081570 - 09 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 787

Abstract

The first goal of the current study is to estimate the fatigue life of the middle steel piles of an integrated bridge installed in water and subject to the impact of sea waves. In the following, the authors have tried to improve the service life of this critical part of the bridge, which is also the main purpose of the study. To this end, conventional shot peening, as one of the most well-known surface treatments, was used. Axial fatigue tests were performed on samples fabricated from IPE-220 steel piles in two states without and with shot peening surface treatment. Next, the modified S-N curve was entered into the finite element software to define the effect of shot peening treatment. Different analysis, including thermal, thermal-structural coupled, and transient dynamic, were performed and various outputs were extracted for the entire structure. In all these analyses, changes in air temperature have been neglected. The most important achievement of this research is the discovery that motionless water cannot cause serious damage to steel piles. Moreover, application of conventional shot peening can increase the fatigue life of steel piles, or in other words the service life of the bridge, subjected to the impact of sea waves by about 22%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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16 pages, 10008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical and Numerical Study of Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography to Detect Damage of Deep-Sea Manned Pressure Hull

by Yu Wu, Chaohua Zhang, Fang Wang and Chao Yang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(7), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071410 - 14 Jul 2023

Viewed by 984

Abstract

At present, research on pressure hull safety is mainly focused on the constitutive model of material properties and the evaluation model of structural parameters aiming at fatigue life prediction. The damage identification and quantitative evaluation methods of pressure hulls have not been studied. In this study, an eddy current thermal imaging method is introduced to detect micro-cracks in a deep-sea spherical pressure hull. In the detection method, temperature is used as a parameter to identify and quantify cracks. The temperature distribution around the cracks is studied using theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. A theoretical model is established using electromagnetic theory and heat transfer theory. Moreover, the temperature difference between the cracked area and the non-cracked area can be obtained by solving the heat conduction equation. A pulsed eddy current thermal imaging testing system is established, and a defective titanium alloy specimen is tested. At the same time, the temperature around the cracks in the specimens is simulated. The specimens have the same material and welding as a deep-sea spherical pressure hull. This paper discusses the possibility of its use in a pressure hull, which will provide a reference for micro-crack damage identification and quantitative evaluation of a deep-sea spherical pressure hull. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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15 pages, 2424 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analytical and Computational Modeling for Multi-Degree of Freedom Systems: Estimating the Likelihood of an FOWT Structural Failure

by Oleg Gaidai, Jingxiang Xu, Vladimir Yakimov and Fang Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(6), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061237 - 16 Jun 2023

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 1194

Abstract

Wind turbines and their associated parts are subjected to cyclical loads, such as bending, torque, longitudinal stresses, and twisting moments. The novel spatiotemporal reliability technique described in this research is especially useful for high-dimensional structural systems that are either measured or numerically simulated during representative observational time span. As this study demonstrates, it is possible to predict risks of dynamic system failure or damage given the in situ environmental load pattern. As an engineering example for this reliability, the authors have chosen 10-MW floating wind turbines and their dynamic responses, under environmental loadings, caused by wind and waves. The aim of this study was to benchmark a state-of-the-art approach suitable for the reliable study of offshore wind turbines. Existing reliability methods do not easily cope with dynamic system high dimensionality. The advocated reliability technique enables accurate and efficient assessment of dynamic system failure probability, accounting for system nonlinearities and high dimensionality as well as cross-correlations between different system components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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17 pages, 7528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Strength Assessment of Cement-Based Materials under Marine Conditions Subjected to Sulfate and Chloride Attack Based on Ion Distributions

by Shagang Li, Xiaotong Yu, Wentao Zhou, Yingdi Liao and Da Chen

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(6), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061210 - 11 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1055

Abstract

Sulfate and chloride in the marine environment threaten the lifespan of concrete structures. Predicting the strength of concrete under different degrees of ion erosion is essential for marine structure design and maintenance. In this paper, a novel method was developed to predict the compressive strength evolution due to sulfate and chloride attack. The degradation and ion diffusion behavior of cement-based materials was investigated by analyzing the visual appearance, compressive strength, porosity, and ion distributions of mortar soaked in sulfate and chloride solutions with different concentrations. The damage degree was observed to increase with sulfate concentration and decrease with chloride concentration. Additionally, it was discovered that chloride and sulfate ions inhibited the diffusion of each other, and a higher concentration resulted in a more substantial inhibition effect. The total effective sulfate and chloride intrusions were proposed to describe the erosion degree of mortar based on the evaluation of the ion distributions with Fick’s second law. A compressive strength assessment method was established based on the analysis of the correlation between the strength contribution of sulfate reaction and the total effective chloride and sulfate intrusions. This method exhibits the potential for estimating the concrete strength of actual marine structures damaged by sulfate and chloride with accelerated laboratory tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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18 pages, 3308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Role of YSZ Particles on Microstructural, Wear, and Corrosion Behavior of Al-15%Mg₂Si Hybrid Composite for Marine Applications

by Hamidreza Ghandvar, Mostafa Abbas Jabbar, Michal Petrů, Tuty Asma Abu Bakar, Lim Jia Ler and Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 1050; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11051050 - 15 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1116

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the microstructural alterations, mechanical properties, sliding wear behavior, and corrosion properties of Al-15%Mg₂Si composites with different contents of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Al-15%Mg₂Si composites with the different contents of YSZ (0, 3, 6, and 9 wt.%) were fabricated using the stir-casting technique. The fabricated composites were characterized by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Vickers hardness tester, linear reciprocating tribometer (LRT), and electrochemical test. The results showed that with the introduction of YSZ particles, the average size of the primary Mg₂Si particles in the base composite was 137.78 µm, which was reduced to 88.36 µm after adding 9 wt.% YSZ. The aspect ratio of Mg₂Si particles also decreased from 3, for the base composite, to 1.27 in the composite containing 9 wt.% YSZ. Moreover, the hardness value displays an incremental trend from 102.72 HV, as recorded for the base in situ composite, to 126.44 HV in the composite with 9 wt.% YSZ. On top of that, the Al-15%Mg₂Si-9%YSZ demonstrates exceptional wear resistance, with the lowest wear rate of 0.46 mm³/km under a 25 N applied load. Its average coefficient of friction (COF) was recorded at 0.42, which is lower than both the 3 and 6 wt.% of YSZ-containing composites. The smoother worn surface in Al-15%Mg₂Si-9%YSZ hybrid composite implies the abrasion phenomenon, as dominant wear behavior is milder than the other fabricated composites. On top of that, the Al-15%Mg₂Si-9%YSZ also possesses optimum corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate is 0.080 mmpy, comparable to the 0.164 mmpy rate obtained in the in situ composite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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16 pages, 4477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Corrosion Damage Evolution Study of the Offshore Cable-Stayed Bridge Anchorage System Based on Accelerated Corrosion Test

by Guowen Yao, Xuanbo He, Hong Long, Jiangshan Lu and Qianling Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050896 - 22 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1322

Abstract

The cable-stayed bridge anchorage system is prone to serious corrosion problems in the offshore environment, threatening its service safety. Based on the copper accelerated salt spray (CASS) test, the anchorage system was subjected to accelerated corrosion and then dissected along the axial direction to study the corrosion damage evolution of the internal structure. This revealed the evolution of corrosion damage in the anchorage system of offshore cable-stayed bridges. The results show that in the offshore environment, a large number of corrosion factors enter the interior of the cable anchorage system through the splicing seam at the junction of the anchor cup and the connecting barrel, and spread to both ends, thus causing corrosion damage to the anchor cup, connecting barrel, filling medium and cable steel wires. Inside the cable of the anchorage system, cross-sections with a higher corrosion level on the outer circle steel wires will also have a higher overall corrosion level. The outer circle steel wires are less able to meet the strength requirements, because they withstand most of the corrosion effects, and the corrosion pits on the surface of the steel wires will render them much weaker than the design tensile strength and fracture. After the CASS test, the ductility of cable steel wires decreases from the inner circle to the outer circle, and the higher the corrosion level of steel wires, the more obvious the brittle indications; the steel wires tend to undergo brittle failure. In the design and manufacture of the cable-stayed bridge anchorage system, special attention should be paid to the corrosion protection of the splicing seam, as well as the corrosion condition and residual strength of steel wires in the outer circle of the cable, to delay the degradation of the mechanical properties and brittle damage of the anchorage system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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25 pages, 7218 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design, Analysis and Simulation of Microstrip Antenna Arrays with Flexible Substrate in Different Frequency, for Use in UAV-Assisted Marine Communications

by Leopoldo Gómez and Ahmed S. Ibrahim

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(4), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040730 - 27 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1891

Abstract

The maritime land–sea communication channel experiences multipath shadowing and fading due to ships, onshore and offshore structures, and reflections from the sea surface. When using low altitude antennas, the sea surface itself can block the propagation of radio waves when the first Fresnel zone is obstructed. The latter can occur within a few kilometres of the transmitter at microwave frequencies. Sea reflections are stronger than ground reflections due to the higher conductivity of the sea, leading to more interference problems. In this paper, a microwave frequency patch antenna array is analysed, designed, and simulated for a novel system to improve marine communications to be applied by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The patch antenna array with flexible substrate will be studied with different frequencies. In this way, the test will check and obtain the best characteristics for an antenna that is built into the UAV with CTS studio. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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16 pages, 3054 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Material Cost Minimization Method of the Ship Structure Considering Material Selection

by Gerry Liston Putra and Mitsuru Kitamura

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030640 - 17 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1400

Abstract

Numerous studies have been conducted to minimize material costs and improve efficiency, one of which involves using the genetic algorithm (GA) for material selection. Although the GA provides the best solution, it is computationally intensive. To mitigate this issue, a simple method was proposed. The stiffened plate, a primary component of ship structure, was chosen as the optimization model for this study, with the objective of minimizing material costs using the proposed simple method. Two design variables, plate thickness (t) and plate material type (m), were selected with specific constraints. The simple method was used to determine the appropriate plate material types to reduce material costs. Additionally, size optimization was conducted using stress equations to produce the optimal thickness. The results showed that this method significantly reduced the computational time and material cost of the ship structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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35 pages, 9806 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Ship-Equipment Suitability Evaluation Using Improved ISM, AHP, and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods

by Cheng Chen, Xiangrui Zhang, Guo Wang, Feng Feng, Cong Sun and Qin He

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030607 - 13 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1488

Abstract

The inherent complexity of large ships makes it challenging to evaluate ship designs systematically and scientifically. Knowledge-based expert systems can be reasonable solutions. However, this problem needs more rationality and better operability, especially in complicated ship-equipment suitability evaluation problems with numerous indicators and complex structures. This paper presents a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework to extend the ship-equipment suitability evaluation to group decision-making settings, where individual consistency and group consensus are thoroughly investigated to improve rationality and operability. As a result, an improved Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method is developed to construct the evaluation index systems. Furthermore, based on an applicability analysis of the selected MCDM methods, an improved Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is proposed to distribute the index weights, and an applicable Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) method is utilized to evaluate and select appropriate ship designs. Finally, a ship-equipment environmental suitability evaluation case is examined. The results indicate that the proposed framework improves the rationality and operability of the decision-making process and provides practical support to decision-makers for the systematic and scientific evaluation of ship designs. Therefore, it can also be applied to other ship design evaluation and selection problems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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14 pages, 3135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation and Experimental Research on the Failure of Marine Sliding Bearings

by Fengming Du, Dawei Li, Mingxing Hao, Yang Yu and Weiwei Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010061 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1226

Abstract

The performance of the marine sliding bearing affects the reliability of marine engineering directly. Nevertheless, sliding bearings are subjected to frictional forces and problems, such as wear and fatigue, that occur after long-term use, which leads to failure. In this study, a sliding bearing friction calculation program is developed using the Fortran language, which calculates the friction force of the bearing under different working conditions. Simultaneously, a component-level sliding bearing tribology testing machine is designed, which predicts the wear failure and explores the wear mechanism for different types of sliding bearings. The model calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, which verifies the model’s correctness. Through the wear test, the wear mechanism of the sliding bearing is mainly scratches, and the electroplating layer in the groove is squeezed out of it and attached to the surface of the aluminum alloy to reduce friction. The model and the testing machine provide theoretical guidance for the friction durability of sliding bearings used in marine engineering and guarantee the reliability of marine engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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Review

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30 pages, 5984 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Recent Developments in Friction Stir Welding for Various Industrial Applications

by Shalok Bharti, Sudhir Kumar, Inderjeet Singh, Dinesh Kumar, Swapnil Sureshchandra Bhurat, Mohamed Ruslan Abdullah and Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010071 - 27 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1677

Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) has been recognized as a revolutionary welding process for marine applications, effectively tackling the distinctive problems posed by maritime settings. This review paper offers a comprehensive examination of the current advancements in FSW design, specifically within the marine industry. This paper provides an overview of the essential principles of FSW and its design, emphasizing its comparative advantages when compared with conventional welding techniques. The literature review reveals successful implementations in the field of shipbuilding and offshore constructions, highlighting design factors as notable enhancements in joint strength, resistance to corrosion, and fatigue performance. This study examines the progress made in the field of FSW equipment and procedures, with a specific focus on their application in naval construction. Additionally, it investigates the factors to be considered when selecting materials and ensuring their compatibility in this context. The analysis of microstructural and mechanical features of FSW joints is conducted, with a particular focus on examining the impact of welding settings. The study additionally explores techniques for mitigating corrosion and safeguarding surfaces in marine environments. The study also provides a forward-looking perspective by proposing potential areas of future research and highlighting the issues that may arise in the field of FSW for maritime engineering. The significance of incorporating environmental and economic considerations in the implementation of FSW for extensive marine projects is emphasized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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28 pages, 3607 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Critical Review on Improving the Fatigue Life and Corrosion Properties of Magnesium Alloys via the Technique of Adding Different Elements

by Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh, Nima Amiri, Erfan Maleki and Okan Unal

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030527 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2042

Abstract

Magnesium is the eighth-most abundant element in the world and its alloys have a widespread application in various industries such as electronic and transport (i.e., air, land, and sea) engineering, due to their significant mechanical properties, excellent machinability, high strength to weight ratios, and low cost. Although monolithic Mg metal is known as the lightest industrial metal (magnesium density is 30% less than the density of the aluminum, and this unique property increases the attractiveness of its usage in the transportation industry), one of the significant limitations of magnesium, which affects on its applications in various industries, is very high reactivity of this metal (magnesium with an electronegativity of 31.1 can give electrons to almost all metals and corrodes quickly). To overcome this problem, scholars are trying to produce magnesium (Mg) alloys that are more resistant to a variety of loads and environmental conditions. In this regard, Mg alloys include well-known materials such as aluminum (Al), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Silicon (Si), and Copper (Cu), etc., and their amount directly affects the properties of final products. In the present review paper, the authors attempted to present the latest achievements, methods, and influential factors (finish-rolling, pore defects, pH value, microstructure, and manufacturing processes, etc.) on the fatigue life and corrosion resistance of most significant Mg alloys, including AM50, AM60, AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, AZ91, ZK60, and WE43, under various conditions. The summarized results and practical hints presented in this paper can be very useful to enhance the reliability and quality of Mg-made structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Failure Analysis of Marine Structure II)

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