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A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2022) | Viewed by 23467

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kamal Djidjeli

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Centre, Southampton University, Southampton SO16 7QF, UK
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; coastal engineering & numerical modelling; offshore wind energy; wave and tidal energy; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Zhe Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; meshless method; fluid–structure interaction; hydroelasticity; slamming; structure–ice–water interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The continuous search for more effective and efficient numerical methods for various complicated flows has been one of the most active research areas in marine and ocean engineering. The aim of this special issue is to provide a platform for the presentation and discussion of the most recent development on the particle/grid-based methods and their applications for ship and offshore structures in various conditions. We wish that the papers published on this journal are open access, can accelerate the spread of novel ideas among researchers in the community. High quality papers on both novel algorithms and practical applications are welcomed. In order to provide a comprehensive insight into the development of this research area, this special issue is open to both review and original research papers. The typical numerical methods and applications include, but not limited to

Numerical methods:

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method
Moving Particle Semi-implicit method
Discrete Vortex Method
Discrete Element Method
Particle in Cell
Boundary Element Method
Finite difference, finite volume, and finite element methods
Hybrid particle-grid methods

Applications:

Sloshing
Slamming
Green water
Hydroelasticity
Ship-ice-water interaction
Wave Energy Converter
Energy Harvesting Device
Fixed and floating offshore structures

Dr. Kamal Djidjeli
Dr. Zhe Sun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Particle/grid methods
Sloshing, slamming and green water
Hydroelasticity
Renewable energy
Fixed and floating offshore structures

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 13584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Numerical Study on the Influence of Caterpillars to the Resistance Performance of an Amphibious Vehicle

by Febriani Rohma Dhana, Jong-Chun Park and Hyeon-Kyu Yoon

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020286 - 27 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1235

Abstract

A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation is performed to evaluate the resistance performance of a self-propelled amphibious vessel with caterpillars to be operated as a marine debris collection vessel at hard-to-reach areas. This study focuses on the influence of the addition of caterpillars on the vessel to the resistance performance. To capture the free surface model, the volume of fluid (VOF) method was adopted, and to express the sinkage and trim acting on the ship the Dynamic Fluid-body Interaction (DFBI) model was applied. A series of numerical simulations for resistance performance were carried out in the range of Froude number (Fn) of 0.12–0.32 for the vessels with and without caterpillars. A model test was carried out independently to verify the numerical simulation of resistance, and it indicated that the present simulation is valid with relative errors of less than 2% over the entire speed range. In subsequence, the resistance performance of the ship due to the addition of the caterpillars was evaluated, and an increase of nearly 40% at the design speed of Fn = 0.27 could be observed. In addition, in the present amphibious vessel, it was found that the ratio of the pressure resistance occupied in the total resistance was dominant, reaching around 81~92% for both cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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15 pages, 5002 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Assessment of Wave Over-Topping Based on Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics Method

by Lei Wang, Li Zhang, Yanshuang Xie, Yaozhao Zhong, Yuan Sun, Zhiyuan Wang, Feng Zhang and Shaoping Shang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1809; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121809 - 23 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1210

Abstract

FETSWCM-SWAN and DualSPHysics models are used to study the storm flooding process of Dazuo Seawall in Quanzhou city, Fujian province, China. Firstly, a storm over-topping assessment method is proposed. Secondly, the water level and storm wave at the foot of Dazuo Seawall calculated by FETSWCM-SWAN during the process of Typhoon Usagi in 2013 and Typhoon Dujuan in 2015. Finally, the typical wave and storm run-up processes at Dazuo Seawall are modeled by DualSPHysics. The results show that the typical wave run-up of Dazuo Seawall is less than 2 m, but the storm wave run-up can reach 6.85 m under Usagi. The risk is high when high tide is encountered. The risk of storm flooding is classified into three grades. This risk assessment could provide decision-making support to government departments in warning against storm flooding threats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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17 pages, 3873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulations on the Flooding into a Damaged Cabin with a Flexible Bulkhead Based on the Mixed-Mode Function-Modified MPS Method

by Jinxin Wu, Guiyong Zhang, Yichen Jiang and Xi Yang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1582; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111582 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1210

Abstract

Floodwater entering the damaged cabin and impacting the bulkhead can cause damage to the watertight compartment and affect the survival of the ship. The elastic deformation of the bulkhead can slow down the impact and affect the flow field, which affects the hydrodynamic distribution inside the cabin. In this work, numerical simulations on the flooding phenomena into the damaged cabin with various stiffness, watertight bulkheads are carried out by using the mixed-mode function-modified moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, with the objective of investigating the influence of the stiffness of the watertight bulkheads on the structural impact load. Firstly, the numerical model based on the MPS method is set up to predict the dam-break wave impact load on an elastic plate and compared with the experimental measurements to verify the feasibility of the method. Then, the evolution of the flooding process of the damaged cabin with four different stiffnesses are simulated and the impact pressure on the bulkhead is predicted and compared. It is found that the flexible watertight bulkheads not only can reduce the peak pressure acting on it, but also have an effect on the hydrodynamic pressure distribution of the entire cabin. This implies that properly selected stiffness and material properties of watertight bulkheads can mitigate the impact of flooding on the damaged cabin’s bulkheads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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19 pages, 9040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Ship Firefighting Training Simulator with Physics-Based Smoke

by Rui Tao, Hongxiang Ren and Yi Zhou

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081140 - 18 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1979

Abstract

Under the current background of navigation education, students generally lack a comprehensive grasp of ship firefighting equipment’s operation. Therefore, we develop a novel ship firefighting training simulator with a multi-sensory human–computer interaction function for teaching and training marine students. In the simulator, we consider a container ship of 1.8w containers as the prototype ship, and the entire ship models are built using three-dimensional modeling technology. We design various interactive modes and realize a full-process operation simulation of several standard ship firefighting equipment. Furthermore, we propose a purely Lagrangian vortex dynamics framework to simulate smoke and flame in fire scenarios. In this framework, we model fluids using velocity and vorticity fields discretized on discrete vortex segments. The main components of the framework include a stable geometric stretching solution and particle strength exchange method for solving the diffusion term. The simulation results show that the simulator has good behavioral realism and scene immersion and can be applied to ship firefighting training. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on real-time smoke simulation using a physics-based method in a firefighting training simulator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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22 pages, 8653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Optimization of Deep-Sea Mining Pump Based on CFD, GABP Neural Network and NSGA-III Algorithm

by Qiong Hu, Xiaoyu Zhai and Zhenfu Li

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081063 - 02 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1734

Abstract

In order to improve the hydraulic performance of a deep-sea mining pump, this research proposed a multi-objective optimization strategy based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation, genetic algorithm back propagation (GABP) neural network, and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III). Significance analysis of the impeller and diffuser parameters was conducted using the Plackett–Burman experiment to filter out the design variables. The optimum Latin hypercube sampling method was used to produce sixty sample cases. The GABP neural network was then utilized to establish an approximate model between the pump’s hydraulic performance and design variables. Finally, the NSGA-III was utilized to solve the approximation model to determine the optimum parameters for the impeller and diffuser. The results demonstrate that the GABP neural network can accurately forecast the deep-sea mining pump’s hydraulic performance, and the NSGA-III global optimization is effective. On the rated clear water conditions, the optimized pump has a 14.65% decrease in shaft power and a 6.04% increase in efficiency while still meeting the design requirements for the head. Under rated solid-liquid two-phase flow conditions, the head still meets the design requirements, the shaft power is decreased by 15.64%, and the efficiency is increased by 6.00%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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18 pages, 20099 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conformal Mapping-Based Discrete Vortex Method for Simulating 2-D Flows around Arbitrary Cylinders

by Guoqing Jin, Zhe Sun, Zhi Zong, Li Zou and Yingjie Hu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(12), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121409 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2303

Abstract

A novel technique based on conformal mapping and the circle theorem has been developed to tackle the boundary penetration issue, in which vortex blobs leak into structures in two-dimensional discrete vortex simulations, as an alternative to the traditional method in which the blobs crossing the boundary are simply removed from the fluid field or reflected back to their mirror-image positions outside the structure. The present algorithm introduces an identical vortex blob outside the body using the mapping method to avoid circulation loss caused by the vortex blob penetrating the body. This can keep the body surface streamlined and guarantees that the total circulation will be constant at any time step. The model was validated using cases of viscous incompressible flow passing elliptic cylinders with various thickness-to-chord ratios at Reynolds numbers greater than Re = 1 × 10⁵. The force and velocity fields revealed that this boundary scheme converged, and the resultant time-averaged surface pressure distributions were all in excellent agreement with wind tunnel tests. Furthermore, a flow around a symmetrical Joukowski foil at Reynolds number Re = 4.62 × 10⁴, without considering the trailing cusp, was investigated, and a close agreement with the experimental data was obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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19 pages, 8073 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CFD-DEM Simulation of Backflow Blockage of Deep-Sea Multistage Pump

by Qiong Hu, Jun Chen, Liwen Deng, Yajuan Kang and Shaojun Liu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090987 - 10 Sep 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3029

Abstract

The multistage centrifugal pump is the critical component of mineral resources lifting in deep-sea mining. The reflux of nodules in the lifting pipe caused by the emergency pump stop can easily cause the pump to clog. In this paper, coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM co-simulations) are used to clarify the solid-liquid two-phase flow in two-stage centrifugal pumps under different particle sizes (10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50 mm) with constant particle concentration. The movement and accumulation behaviour of particles in different flow fields (pipeline to pump, the first to the second pump stage) is investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of particle size and particle reflux velocity on the blockage of the flow channel in the pump was investigated. Particle accumulation in the pump was observed to determine the key factors affecting the pump’s reflux capacity. The residual mass of particles in the pump at different particle sizes was counted. Simultaneously, the percentage of residual mass of 10–20 mm particles in the pump was compared between the experiment and the simulation with an acceptable tolerance of within 10%. In addition, pressure changes in the blockage-prone section were also investigated. A comparison between experiments and simulations verifies the consistency of the trend on the pump inlet pressure when clogged with 50 mm particles. It was found that larger particles in the range of 10–30 mm can better ensure the pump’s reflux performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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19 pages, 130352 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Particle Distribution and Motion in Six-Stage Centrifugal Pump by Means of Slurry Experiment and CFD-DEM Simulation

by Liwen Deng, Qiong Hu, Jun Chen, Yajuan Kang and Shaojun Liu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(7), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070716 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3607

Abstract

Six-stage centrifugal pumps are used in deep-sea mining lifting systems and are required to convey slurry containing coarse particles. A six-stage centrifugal pump suitable for operation in a natural mining system was manufactured. High-flow and full-scaled slurry conveying experiments at a 5% and 9% volume concentration of particles was carried out at a large modified test site with artificial nodules. CFD-DEM simulations were carried out to obtain slurry transport characteristic curves, particle transport and distribution characteristics, where the simulation method was validated by the experiment data. A clarified two-stage pump can be used instead of a multi-stage pump for simplified simulation calculations with acceptable accuracy. Local agglomeration of particles caused by backflow was found at the outlet of the diffuser, and such agglomeration decreased with increasing flow rates. It was found that particles are transported non-uniformly, particles transport in diffusers in strands. Particles are transported in a pulse-like mode within the pump, with the latter stage showing similar particle characteristics to those transported in the previous pump stage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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14 pages, 9275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Discrete Element Analysis of High-Pressure Zones of Sea Ice on Vertical Structures

by Xue Long, Lu Liu, Shewen Liu and Shunying Ji

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030348 - 23 Mar 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2099

Abstract

In cold regions, ice pressure poses a serious threat to the safe operation of ship hulls and fixed offshore platforms. In this study, a discrete element method (DEM) with bonded particles was adapted to simulate the generation and distribution of local ice pressures during the interaction between level ice and vertical structures. The strength and failure mode of simulated sea ice under uniaxial compression were consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the discrete element parameters. The crushing process of sea ice acting on the vertical structure simulated by the DEM was compared with the field test. The distribution of ice pressure on the contact surface was calculated, and it was found that the local ice pressure was much greater than the global ice pressure. The high-pressure zones in sea ice are mainly caused by its simultaneous destruction, and these zones are primarily distributed near the midline of the contact area of sea ice and the structure. The contact area and loading rate are the two main factors affecting the high-pressure zones. The maximum local and global ice pressures decrease with an increase in the contact area. The influence of the loading rate on the local ice pressure is caused by the change in the sea ice failure mode. When the loading rate is low, ductile failure of sea ice occurs, and the ice pressure increases with the increase in the loading rate. When the loading rate is high, brittle failure of sea ice occurs, and the ice pressure decreases with an increase in the loading rate. This DEM study of sea ice can reasonably predict the distribution of high-pressure zones on marine structures and provide a reference for the anti-ice performance design of marine structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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Review

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31 pages, 10208 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Review of the State-of-Art of MPS Method in Ocean Engineering

by Zhe Sun, Li-Yuan Dou, Si-Yuan Tan, Zi-Kai Xu, Kamal Djidjeli and Yan Zhou

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081003 - 22 Jul 2022

Viewed by 3164

Abstract

When dealing with the complex deformation of free surface such as wave breaking, traditional mesh-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods often face problems arising alongside grid distortion and re-meshing. Therefore, the meshless method became robust for treating large displaced free surface and other boundaries caused by moving structures. The particle method, which is an important branch of meshless method, is mainly divided into the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) methods. Different from the SPH method, which involves continuity and treat density as a variable when building kernel functions, the kernel function in the MPS method is a weight function which treats density as a constant, and the spatial derivatives are discretized by establishing the gradient operator and Laplace operator separately. In other words, the first- or second-order continuity of the kernel functions in the MPS method is not a necessity as in SPH, though it might be desirable. At present, the MPS method has been successfully applied to various violent-free surface flow problems in ocean engineering and diverse applications have been comprehensively demonstrated in a number of review papers. This work will focus on algorithm developments of the MPS method and to provide all perspectives in terms of numerical algorithms along with their pros and cons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Particle/Grid-Based Methods and Applications in Marine and Ocean Engineering)

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