Research

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30 pages, 6587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Construction of Seaports in the Arctic: Prospects and Environmental Consequences

by Irina Makarova, Polina Buyvol, Eduard Mukhametdinov and Aleksey Boyko

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(10), 1902; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11101902 - 30 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1025

The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is of strategic importance for the country. Considering the fragility of Arctic ecosystems, special attention needs to be paid to the sustainable development of transport and related infrastructure within the framework of the “blue economy” concept, [...] Read more.

The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is of strategic importance for the country. Considering the fragility of Arctic ecosystems, special attention needs to be paid to the sustainable development of transport and related infrastructure within the framework of the “blue economy” concept, which is relevant for Arctic waters. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the main factors and tasks of creating transport and port infrastructure, building a modern fleet, and organizing fisheries and tourism in an environmentally sound manner. The purpose of the study is to consider the problems of anthropogenic influence for seaport facilities and to create a conceptual model of an environmental risk management system. The existing problems of Arctic ports and infrastructure are analyzed and existing business processes are considered, taking into account the peculiarities of their functioning in Arctic conditions. To systematize environmental assessments and establish dependencies between the main indicators describing the impact of port activities on elements of the natural environment, ontological domain engineering is proposed. It systematizes the basic terminology used within different subject areas of ecology and risks and allows one to visualize the relationships between elements of the natural environment, objects, port systems, their parameters and impact factors to assess the impact of the seaport on the natural environment. The results of ontological engineering (design and development of ontologies) in the field of risk management are presented. Future research will be aimed at developing the applied aspect of applying the results of ontological engineering in terms of specific engineering studies related to the assessment of anthropogenic load on the Arctic territory using simulation modeling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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25 pages, 5733 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy Management for a Port Integrated Energy System Based on Distributed Dual Decomposition Mixed Integer Linear Programming

by Fei Teng, Qing Zhang, Geyang Xiao, Zixiao Ban, Yuan Liang and Yajuan Guan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(6), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061137 - 29 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1135

Abstract

This paper proposes a distributed energy management strategy, based on dual decomposition mixed integer linear programming for port integrated energy systems (PIESs), to improve the utilization of renewable energy, and to foster green ports. Firstly, due to the distributed characteristics presented by various [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a distributed energy management strategy, based on dual decomposition mixed integer linear programming for port integrated energy systems (PIESs), to improve the utilization of renewable energy, and to foster green ports. Firstly, due to the distributed characteristics presented by various heterogeneous devices, a polymorphic network-based PIES was established, instead of the traditional single IP protocol, incorporating electricity replacement and energy conversion devices. Secondly, taking into account the coupling of various energy flows, an energy management model was constructed, to ensure reliable operation for the PIES. Thirdly, an energy management strategy based on distributed dual decomposition mixed integer linear programming for the PIES was proposed, which took into account the distributed characteristic of the PIES. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy was demonstrated, by simulation cases in different scenarios for the PIES. The obtained energy management results were similar to the centralized algorithm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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20 pages, 2233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Lower Carbon Emissions: A Distributed Energy Management Strategy-Based Multi-Objective Optimization for the Seaport Integrated Energy System

by Yuxin Zhang, Yang Xiao, Qihe Shan and Tieshan Li

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030681 - 22 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1493

Abstract

To decrease fuel-based energy consumption, it is important to investigate the optimal energy management problem for the seaport integrated energy system in a fully distributed manner. A multi-objective energy management model is constructed, considering energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, and carbon trading, which [...] Read more.

To decrease fuel-based energy consumption, it is important to investigate the optimal energy management problem for the seaport integrated energy system in a fully distributed manner. A multi-objective energy management model is constructed, considering energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, and carbon trading, which satisfy the sustainable development of the international shipping industry advocated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The carbon exhaust of a seaport is restrained by integrated carbon capture/storage devices. A fully distributed energy management strategy with dynamic-weighted coefficients is proposed to acquire the optimal solutions for the seaport integrated energy system. Moreover, to decrease the communication resources, an event-triggered mechanism between energy bodies was designed against the bandwidth limitation of the seaport. Finally, a rigorous mathematical analysis based on the multi-agent theory and the case studies proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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15 pages, 1966 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Optimization of Synchromodal Transportation Path under Uncertainties

by Xinyang Xu, Haiyan Wang and Pengzhu Deng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030577 - 08 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1582

Abstract

Along with the rapid development of the economy and the increasing demand for transport quality, renewed attention to multimodal transportation has emerged. However, due to the unpredictable transport environment in the process of multimodal transportation and the uncertainties caused by the change of [...] Read more.

Along with the rapid development of the economy and the increasing demand for transport quality, renewed attention to multimodal transportation has emerged. However, due to the unpredictable transport environment in the process of multimodal transportation and the uncertainties caused by the change of transport market demand, transport decision-makers face many difficulties in transport planning and routing, which has become an obstacle to the development of multimodal transportation. As an advanced form of multimodal transportation, synchromodal transportation has received extensive attention in recent years. Due to its flexibility and sustainability, synchromodal transportation can effectively deal with the uncertainty in multimodal transportation. Based on the problem of multimodal transportation networks with uncertainties, this paper proposed a mixed time-window-constrained path optimization model with the goal of minimizing the total transportation costs, and proposed corresponding assumptions considering three types of uncertainty. The model could be solved by a genetic algorithm using MATLAB software. Using this model, the best transportation path and the optimal scheme considering synchronization were obtained. The results of the case study showed that synchromodal transportation can adjust the transportation plan in time to respond to uncertainties, thus, effectively reducing transportation costs. This paper favorably supported the introduction of synchromodal transportation, which is of significance to the development of multimodal transportation in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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23 pages, 12131 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Governance Approach to the Spanish Port System: Proposal for a Port

by Cristina Gómez Díaz, Nicoletta González-Cancelas, Alberto Camarero Orive and Francisco Soler Flores

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020311 - 01 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1690

Abstract

The global changes that are currently taking place and which are driven by new forms of communication, behaviours, innovative technologies, etc., mean that ports have to be aware of or take into account these new trends. They have and must actively participate in [...] Read more.

The global changes that are currently taking place and which are driven by new forms of communication, behaviours, innovative technologies, etc., mean that ports have to be aware of or take into account these new trends. They have and must actively participate in this global change and become the leaders of the transformation. The main objective of this study was to carry out an in-depth analysis of the digital governance approach to the Spanish Port System. The Business Observation Tool (BOT) was used with a SWOT matrix to identify how the study environment is doing and to be able to identify those indicators that have the potential to form, as far as possible, a better approach to digital governance in Spain. The aim is to ensure that in the current technological era, the Spanish port sector evolves in terms of port digitalisation in order to adapt to the coming changes and continues to develop towards a more digitally interconnected future. It can be concluded that the indicators obtained from the technological field are the most predominant in the analysis carried out. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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17 pages, 3622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Port Strategy to Minimise COVID-19 Risk in Cruise Ports: Application to the Port of Arrecife in Lanzarote

by Alberto Camarero Orive, Nicoletta González-Cancelas and Noelia Avilés López

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1990; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121990 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1515

Abstract

The main objective of this article is to develop a methodology to detect, assess and prevent biosecurity-related risks. Currently, the main risk found in our daily life is COVID-19, which has triggered a serious global pandemic. As a result, economic and social activity [...] Read more.

The main objective of this article is to develop a methodology to detect, assess and prevent biosecurity-related risks. Currently, the main risk found in our daily life is COVID-19, which has triggered a serious global pandemic. As a result, economic and social activity has suffered a decline in its development and evolution compared to previous years. All activity has come to a standstill and we are in a process of improvement that needs time. With the help of this methodology, focused on cruise traffic, it will be possible to identify the greatest existing threat and the process by which this high level of risk occurs. Once identified, a series of measures can be proposed to mitigate and prevent the risk, in order to make the port a safer place. The main aim is to recover cruise traffic as soon as possible, as it makes an important contribution to the tourism sector and to the cities and countries where cruise ships call. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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22 pages, 2837 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Ports Analysis Using an End-to-End Tool Application in the Fishing Port of Vigo

by Eduardo Ramos Velasco, Nicoletta González-Cancelas, Alberto Camarero Orive and David Díaz-Gutiérrez

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1959; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121959 - 09 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1647

Abstract

Modern ports tend to focus on freight transport and cruise traffic. The fishing sector is often the forgotten sector in terms of sustainability and port planning, despite the fact that fishing is a sector of great importance and interest; though it is currently [...] Read more.

Modern ports tend to focus on freight transport and cruise traffic. The fishing sector is often the forgotten sector in terms of sustainability and port planning, despite the fact that fishing is a sector of great importance and interest; though it is currently obsolete in many respects. Literature on sustainability and green ports in the context of fishing ports is practically non-existent; however, it is necessary in order to implement a sustainable fishing infrastructure. For this reason, the aim of this study is, within the green ports framework as outlined by the European Commission and using an innovative end-to-end tool methodology, to determine the reality of the conditions of the port environment in fishing ports. Furthermore, this study establishes a possible green ports scenario for Spanish fishing ports and carries out an analysis of a specific case study within the Spanish port system: the Port of Vigo. It is concluded that the key fishing features of the Port of Vigo should, in order to expand its sustainability strategies, are: growth expectations, closely related to the evolution of the goods unloaded in the Port of Vigo and the possible growth that this may have in the future; legislation and current trends in terms of sustainability; and diversification, the Port of Vigo has realistic options to diversify the business beyond the traditional fishing activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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12 pages, 964 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employing DEA for Assessment of Cruise Market: A Case Study in Malaga—Spanish Port

by José Ignacio Parra Santiago, Alberto Camarero Orive, David Díaz Gutiérrez and Francisco de Asís De Manuel López

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 1805; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121805 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1464

Abstract

In recent decades, the Spanish port system has been investing in the development of infrastructures aimed at attracting the cruise market. For this reason, this paper analyses, using a methodology based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), the efficiency of the Spanish port system [...] Read more.

In recent decades, the Spanish port system has been investing in the development of infrastructures aimed at attracting the cruise market. For this reason, this paper analyses, using a methodology based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), the efficiency of the Spanish port system for the cruise market. Most of the port authorities want to attract and maintain this traffic in their ports, due to the economic impact it has on them. Based on the data provided by Puertos del Estado and the port authorities in their annual reports, such as the number of cruise passengers per port or port authority, the number of stopovers or ships that visit our ports each year, and the infrastructures that have been developed for this market, an efficiency analysis was carried out to draw conclusions at the level of the port system and each port authority in terms of operational efficiency. Focusing the research on Malaga, the current situation was analyzed, as well as the forecasts that resulted from the research for the future development of the port in terms of cruise ships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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Review

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18 pages, 647 KiB

Open AccessReview

Classification of Green Practices Implemented in Ports: The Application of Green Technologies, Tools, and Strategies

by Konstantia Karagkouni and Maria Boile

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(4), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040571 - 28 Mar 2024

Viewed by 604

Abstract

This study reviews and categorises ports’ green initiatives to reduce their polluting emissions and improve their overall environmental performance. These categories facilitate comparisons between different practices and allow the identification of common trends and challenges. Through a systematic review that combines both academic [...] Read more.

This study reviews and categorises ports’ green initiatives to reduce their polluting emissions and improve their overall environmental performance. These categories facilitate comparisons between different practices and allow the identification of common trends and challenges. Through a systematic review that combines both academic and industry sources, green port practices including strategies, tools, infrastructures, and initiatives were identified. This methodology enhances the credibility and reliability of the findings by thoroughly reviewing the available literature and data. Overall, 380 records of green practices explored by ports and port-related stakeholders worldwide have been reviewed. The practices’ main elements, characteristics, implementation challenges, and indicative environmental outcomes are highlighted. The results show that the most commonly discussed green solutions are driven mainly by the regulation requirements and ports’ own interest to develop environmentally friendly operations, while at the same time remaining competitive in terms of sustainability in the port industry. Consequently, the most widely explored solutions include (i) Shore Side Electricity–Onshore Power Supply, (ii) alternative fuels, (iii) circular economy, and (iv) waste management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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20 pages, 1410 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sustainable Solutions for Small/Medium Ports a Guide to Efficient and Effective Planning

by Ioannis Argyriou and Theocharis Tsoutsos

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(9), 1763; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091763 - 09 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1544

Abstract

Ports are under increased pressure to reduce their negative climate and environmental impacts. Their roles and functions in transportation systems and the economy make them a key industry in promoting sustainability. In particular, small- and medium-sized ports (SMSPs) should serve as lighthouses or [...] Read more.

Ports are under increased pressure to reduce their negative climate and environmental impacts. Their roles and functions in transportation systems and the economy make them a key industry in promoting sustainability. In particular, small- and medium-sized ports (SMSPs) should serve as lighthouses or flagships of environmental and digital transformation, allowing access to remote locations and integrating peripheral regions. Their sustainability planning faces significant challenges in this context, such as limited resources, access to technical expertise, and stakeholder involvement. Sustainable planning strives for long-term viability, while balancing economic, social, and environmental goals. Ports can ensure that they are cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and capable of satisfying local people’s and companies’ long-term demands by applying sustainable planning methods. This research aims to assist stakeholders in designing and implementing activities that will optimize the sustainability of SMSPs, promote the sustainable development of the neighboring communities, and encourage the sustainable use of coastal and marine resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green and Smart Seaports: New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures)

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