Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.7
Journals
JFMK
Special Issues
Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition
share announcement

Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (ISSN 2411-5142).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 32726

Special Issue Editor

Dr. William Guyton Hornsby

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Office, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
Interests: sport science; athlete monitoring; weightlifting; force plate assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Applied research aimed at better understanding the training process and/or underlying aspects of sport performance can be invaluable to coaches and sport scientists. Competitive athletes can respond differently than untrained or recreationally trained individuals to the same training stimuli. Additionally, the physiological makeup of more advanced athletes has been shown to favor certain “profiles” (e.g., anthropometrics, muscle fiber type) depending on the sport. This general area of research is often challenging for many reasons, e.g., small sample sizes, lack of true control group, well past initial adaptation period. This Special Issue will welcome research on trained athletes and can include cross-sectional research (e.g., relationships), longitudinal studies (e.g., training studies), and review articles. Of particular interest is research conducted in an ecologically valid manner and for studies that involve a training intervention; detailed reporting of the training prescription.

Dr. William Guyton Hornsby III
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sport science
  • athlete monitoring
  • training studies
  • training prescription

Published Papers (8 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

8 pages, 250 KiB  
Article
Physical Match Demands of International Women’s Rugby Union: A Three-Year Longitudinal Analysis of a Team Competing in The Women’s Six Nations Championship
by David Nolan, Orlaith Curran, Aidan J. Brady and Brendan Egan
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8010032 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
There is a paucity of studies describing the physical match demands of elite international women’s rugby union, which limits coaches’ ability to effectively prepare players for the physical demands required to compete at the elite level. Global positioning system technologies were used to [...] Read more.
There is a paucity of studies describing the physical match demands of elite international women’s rugby union, which limits coaches’ ability to effectively prepare players for the physical demands required to compete at the elite level. Global positioning system technologies were used to measure the physical match demands of 53 international female rugby union players during three consecutive Women’s Six Nations Championships (2020–2022), resulting in 260 individual match performances. Mixed-linear modelling was used to investigate differences in physical match demands between positions. Significant effects (p < 0.05) of the position were observed for all variables, with the exception of relative distances (m.min−1) at velocities of 1.01–3.00 m·s−1 (p = 0.094) and 3.01–5.00 m·s−1 (p = 0.216). This study provides valuable data on the physical match demands of elite international women’s rugby union match play that may aid practitioners in the physical preparation of players to compete at this level. Training methodologies for elite-level female rugby union players should consider the unique demands across positional groups with specific considerations of high-velocity running and collision frequency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)
9 pages, 754 KiB  
Article
Running-Induced Metabolic and Physiological Responses Using New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract in a Male Ultra-Endurance Runner: A Case Study
by Mark E. T. Willems and Andrew R. Briggs
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040104 - 23 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Physical training for ultra-endurance running provides physiological adaptations for exercise-induced substrate oxidation. We examined the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on running-induced metabolic and physiological responses in a male amateur ultra-endurance runner (age: 40 years, body mass: 65.9 kg, BMI: 23.1 [...] Read more.
Physical training for ultra-endurance running provides physiological adaptations for exercise-induced substrate oxidation. We examined the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on running-induced metabolic and physiological responses in a male amateur ultra-endurance runner (age: 40 years, body mass: 65.9 kg, BMI: 23.1 kg·m−2, body fat: 14.7%, V˙O2max: 55.3 mL·kg−1·min−1, resting heart rate: 45 beats·min−1, running history: 6 years, marathons: 20, ultra-marathons: 28, weekly training distance: ~80 km, weekly running time: ~9 h). Indirect calorimetry was used and heart rate recorded at 15 min intervals during 120 min of treadmill running (speed: 10.5 km·h−1, 58% V˙O2max) in an environmental chamber (temperature: ~26 °C, relative humidity: ~70%) at baseline and following 7 days intake of NZBC extract (210 mg of anthocyanins·day−1) with constant monitoring of core temperature. The male runner had unlimited access to water and consumed a 100-kcal energy gel at 40- and 80 min during the 120 min run. There were no differences (mean of 8, 15 min measurements) for minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production and core temperature. With NZBC extract, the respiratory exchange ratio was 0.02 units lower, carbohydrate oxidation was 11% lower and fat oxidation was 23% higher (control: 0.39 ± 0.08, NZBC extract: 0.48 ± 0.12 g·min−1, p < 0.01). Intake of the energy gel did not abolish the enhanced fat oxidation by NZBC extract. Seven days’ intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract altered exercise-induced substrate oxidation in a male amateur ultra-endurance runner covering a half-marathon distance in 2 h. More studies are required to address whether intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract provides a nutritional ergogenic effect for ultra-endurance athletes to enhance exercise performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 317 KiB  
Article
Which Performance Tests Best Define the Special Judo Fitness Test Classification in Elite Judo Athletes?
by Bayram Ceylan, Jožef Šimenko and Şükrü Serdar Balcı
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7(4), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040101 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3057
Abstract
The normative values of the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) are used to evaluate judo athletes, and the question arises of which performance tests from crucial motor abilities best define the SJFT classification in elite judo athletes. This study aimed to investigate the [...] Read more.
The normative values of the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) are used to evaluate judo athletes, and the question arises of which performance tests from crucial motor abilities best define the SJFT classification in elite judo athletes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between elite judo athletes’ physical performance and the evaluation using SJFT index norms. Nineteen judo athletes (11 females) (22.8 ± 2.5 years old) from the senior judo national team voluntarily participated in this study. Body composition, reaction time, balance, flexibility, agility, hand grip strength, 20 m sprint, vertical jump, SJFT, and Wingate tests were performed by athletes on four separate days at one-day intervals. Athletes were classified as regular and above (≥regular) or poor and below (≤poor) according to their SJFT index scores. Simple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate this classification’s consistency with performance test results. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals related to each possible factor and Wald test statistics were calculated. The SJFT index classification was associated with Wingate peak and mean power, vertical jump, and sprint performance results (p < 0.05), whereas it was not associated with body fat percentage, agility, reaction time, hand grip strength, flexibility, and balance performances (p > 0.05). SJFT index classificatory norms are mainly related to athletes’ anaerobic power. Higher anaerobic power increases athletes’ possibility of being classified as ≥regular. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)
9 pages, 653 KiB  
Article
Impact of Distance and Proficiency on Shooting Kinematics in Professional Male Basketball Players
by Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Damjana V. Cabarkapa, Nicolas M. Philipp, Drake A. Eserhaut, Gabriel G. Downey and Andrew C. Fry
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7(4), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040078 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2362
Abstract
Shooting efficiency is one of the key performance parameters related to securing the desired game outcome at various levels of basketball competition, and it is largely influenced by the biomechanical adjustments incorporated during the preparatory and release phase of the shooting motion. Thus, [...] Read more.
Shooting efficiency is one of the key performance parameters related to securing the desired game outcome at various levels of basketball competition, and it is largely influenced by the biomechanical adjustments incorporated during the preparatory and release phase of the shooting motion. Thus, the purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine the differences in the kinematic characteristics between free-throw, two-point, and three-point shots, and (b) to examine the differences between shooters with excellent (≥80%) and good (<80%) levels of shooting proficiency. A total of 10 professional male basketball players performed 5 free-throw (4.57 m), two-point (5.18 m), and three-point (6.75 m) shots, combining for a total of 150 shots. A high-definition camera recording at 120 fps was used to capture the shooting motion from a sagittal point of view, and video analysis software was used to analyze the kinematic variables of interest. The findings of the present study reveal that the kinematic characteristics during the preparatory phase of the shooting motion remain unchanged between free-throw and two-point shots. Three-point shots required lower elbow positioning, influenced by greater knee and hip flexion when compared to free-throw and two-point shots. The release angle was notably lower for shots attempted beyond the three-point line but remained unchanged between the free-throw and two-point shooting motions. Release height and vertical displacement were significantly greater for two- and three-point shots when compared to free-throw shots, while no difference was observed between the two- and three-point shots. In addition, no significant differences in shooting kinematics were observed between those participants with excellent and good levels of shooting proficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 250 KiB  
Article
Examining the Effects of Caffeine on Isokinetic Strength, Power, and Endurance
by Jozo Grgic, Sandro Venier and Pavle Mikulic
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7(4), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040071 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2011
Abstract
This study examined caffeine’s effects on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance. The sample included 25 young, resistance-trained males. The participants were tested on three occasions, in a control trial (no substance ingestion) and following the ingestion of 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine or [...] Read more.
This study examined caffeine’s effects on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance. The sample included 25 young, resistance-trained males. The participants were tested on three occasions, in a control trial (no substance ingestion) and following the ingestion of 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine or placebo. Exercise tests involved isokinetic knee extension and flexion using angular velocities of 60° s−1 and 180° s−1. Analyzed outcomes included peak torque, average power, and total work. For knee extension at an angular velocity of 60° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. control (Hedges’ g = 0.22) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.30) and (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.21) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.29). For knee extension at an angular velocity of 180° s−1, there were significant differences for: (1) peak torque when comparing caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.26), (2) average power when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.36) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.43), and (3) total work when comparing caffeine vs. control (g = 0.33) and caffeine vs. placebo (g = 0.36). Caffeine was not ergogenic for knee flexors in any of the analyzed outcomes. Additionally, there was no significant difference between control and placebo. In summary, caffeine enhances the mechanical output of the knee extensors at lower and higher angular velocities, and these effects are present when compared to placebo ingestion or no substance ingestion (control). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)

Review

Jump to: Research

11 pages, 2354 KiB  
Review
Scoping Review of the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance Relationship to Dynamic Sport Performance Assessments
by Garrett Giles, Greg Lutton and Joel Martin
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040114 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2773
Abstract
Attempting to understand on-field sport performance from dynamic performance tests of athleticism (i.e., sprinting, jumping, strength) is common practice in sport. In recent years, the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) has gained popularity in the sport performance community as an assessment tool. This scoping [...] Read more.
Attempting to understand on-field sport performance from dynamic performance tests of athleticism (i.e., sprinting, jumping, strength) is common practice in sport. In recent years, the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) has gained popularity in the sport performance community as an assessment tool. This scoping review examined the relationship of the IMTP to common dynamic sports assessments to evaluate the robustness of the IMTP to profile lower body force production characteristics. The literature search was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles were selected from 5 electronic databases. Data was extracted and synthesized to evaluate the reported relationships between IMTP and common dynamic sport performance assessments. Forty-eight publications were identified and included in the review. Articles reviewed were all within the past 25 years with most (66.7%) published within the past 5 years. Multiple researchers utilized the IMTP across numerous sports and generally reported consistent results. Strong correlations (41.8% of reported, r = 0.71 to 1.00) between the IMTP and the dynamic sport performance assessments were found. The available evidence suggests the IMTP is a viable option for practitioners and researchers to use to profile athletic ability. Furthermore, based on the publication year of included articles, IMTP research is relatively young and warrants further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1808 KiB  
Review
Training Specificity for Athletes: Emphasis on Strength-Power Training: A Narrative Review
by Michael H. Stone, W. Guy Hornsby, Dylan G. Suarez, Marco Duca and Kyle C. Pierce
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7(4), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040102 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5835
Abstract
Specificity has two major components: A strength-endurance continuum (S-EC) and adherence to principles of Dynamic Correspondence. Available evidence indicates the existence of the S-EC continuum from two aspects. Indeed, the S-EC exists, particularly if work is equated as a high load low repetition [...] Read more.
Specificity has two major components: A strength-endurance continuum (S-EC) and adherence to principles of Dynamic Correspondence. Available evidence indicates the existence of the S-EC continuum from two aspects. Indeed, the S-EC exists, particularly if work is equated as a high load low repetition scheme at one end (strength stimulus) and high volume (HIEE stimulus) at the other. Furthermore, some evidence also indicates that the continuum as a repetition paradigm with high-load, low repetition at one end (strength stimulus) and a high repetition, low load at the other end. The second paradigm is most apparent under three conditions: (1) ecological validity—in the real world, work is not equated, (2) use of absolute loads in testing and (3) a substantial difference in the repetitions used in training (for example 2–5 repetitions versus ≥10 repetitions). Additionally, adherence to the principles and criteria of dynamic correspondence allows for greater “transfer of training” to performance measures. Typically, and logically, in order to optimize transfer, training athletes requires a reasonable development of capacities (i.e., structure, metabolism, neural aspects, etc.) before more specific training takes place. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 1221 KiB  
Review
Beyond Mechanical Tension: A Review of Resistance Exercise-Induced Lactate Responses & Muscle Hypertrophy
by Daniel Lawson, Christopher Vann, Brad J. Schoenfeld and Cody Haun
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2022, 7(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040081 - 04 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 12127
Abstract
The present review aims to explore and discuss recent research relating to the lactate response to resistance training and the potential mechanisms by which lactate may contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy or help to prevent muscle atrophy. First, we will discuss foundational information [...] Read more.
The present review aims to explore and discuss recent research relating to the lactate response to resistance training and the potential mechanisms by which lactate may contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy or help to prevent muscle atrophy. First, we will discuss foundational information pertaining to lactate including metabolism, measurement, shuttling, and potential (although seemingly elusive) mechanisms for hypertrophy. We will then provide a brief analysis of resistance training protocols and the associated lactate response. Lastly, we will discuss potential shortcomings, resistance training considerations, and future research directions regarding lactate’s role as a potential anabolic agent for skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sport Physiology and Performance—3rd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-8
Back to TopTop