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Movement and Balance
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Movement and Balance

A special issue of Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (ISSN 2411-5142). This special issue belongs to the section "Athletic Training and Human Performance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 7030

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Olivier Hue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Science and Physical Activity, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
Interests: kinesiology; neuroscience; postural control; movement; obesity; aging; physical activity; exercise
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Proper balance and effective movements are integral to realizing daily living activities. Postural control is dedicated to stabilizing the gaze and organizing the cohesion of all body segments in order to interact with the environment. Postural control also requires a complex integration of sensory information regarding the position of all body parts, relative to the environment and the ability to generate appropriate motor responses to control body movement. Balance and movement control contribute to maintain functional autonomy, but also are essential for motor development, motor learning, and sport performance. Because the control of posture and movement involves many different systems that can be affected by pathologies or specific conditions, the objective of this Special Issue, titled “Movement and Balance”, is to enhance current knowledge in this specific field. Authors are invited to submit case reports, original research papers, and review articles.

Prof. Dr. Olivier Hue
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • postural stability and balance function
  • cognitive processes and attentional resources
  • motor control and movement
  • neuromuscular system
  • learning, motor skills, and performance
  • aging, obesity and specific disorders

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2227 KiB  
Article
Surface, but Not Age, Impacts Lower Limb Joint Work during Walking and Stair Ascent
by Thomas A. Wenzel, Nicholas L. Hunt, Amy E. Holcomb, Clare K. Fitzpatrick and Tyler N. Brown
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8(4), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040145 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1141
Abstract
Older adults often suffer an accidental fall when navigating challenging surfaces during common locomotor tasks, such as walking and ascending stairs. This study examined the effect of slick and uneven surfaces on lower limb joint work in older and younger adults while walking [...] Read more.
Older adults often suffer an accidental fall when navigating challenging surfaces during common locomotor tasks, such as walking and ascending stairs. This study examined the effect of slick and uneven surfaces on lower limb joint work in older and younger adults while walking and ascending stairs. Fifteen young (18–25 years) and 12 older (>65 years) adults had stance phase positive limb and joint work quantified during walking and stair ascent tasks on a normal, slick, and uneven surface, which was then submitted to a two-way mixed model ANOVA for analysis. The stair ascent required greater limb, and hip, knee, and ankle work than walking (all p < 0.001), with participants producing greater hip and knee work during both the walk and stair ascent (both p < 0.001). Surface, but not age, impacted positive limb work. Participants increased limb (p < 0.001), hip (p = 0.010), and knee (p < 0.001) positive work when walking over the challenging surfaces, and increased hip (p = 0.015), knee (p < 0.001), and ankle (p = 0.010) work when ascending stairs with challenging surfaces. Traversing a challenging surface during both walking and stair ascent tasks required greater work production from the large proximal hip and knee musculature, which may increase the likelihood of an accidental fall in older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Movement and Balance)
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12 pages, 3630 KiB  
Article
Effect of Instability Training on Compensatory Muscle Activation during Perturbation Challenge in Young Adults
by Stephen C. Glass and Kamryn A. Wisneski
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8(3), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8030136 - 15 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1144
Abstract
Balance requires constant adjustments in muscle activation to attain force steadiness. Creating appropriate training can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 weeks of front squat instability training using a water-filled training tube on force steadiness [...] Read more.
Balance requires constant adjustments in muscle activation to attain force steadiness. Creating appropriate training can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 weeks of front squat instability training using a water-filled training tube on force steadiness during an instability challenge. Control (CON, n = 13) and experimental (EXP, n = 17) subjects completed pre- and post-testing for EMG variability by completing one set of 10 repetitions with a stable and unstable training tube. Electrodes were placed bilaterally on the anterior deltoid, paraspinal, and vastus lateralis muscles. CON subjects completed 2 weeks of training using a stable training tube, while EXP subjects trained with a water-filled instability tube. EMG data were integrated for each contraction, and force steadiness was computed using the natural log of coefficient of variation. CON results showed no changes in force steadiness for any condition. EXP showed significant reductions in EMG activation variability across all muscles. These results indicate a significant training effect in reducing muscle activation variability in subjects training with a water-filled instability training device. Improvements seen in these healthy subjects support the development of training implements for a more clinical population to help improve force steadiness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Movement and Balance)
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11 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Knee Extensor and Ankle Plantar Flexor Strength on Single-Leg Standing Balance in Older Women
by Weerasak Tapanya, Sinthuporn Maharan, Patchareeya Amput, Noppharath Sangkarit and Boonsita Suwannakul
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8(2), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020067 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1659
Abstract
Impaired balance is a significant risk factor for falls among older adults. The precise impact of lower-extremity muscles, including the proportion of muscle strength, on the performance of single-leg standing balance tests in older individuals is very interesting. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Impaired balance is a significant risk factor for falls among older adults. The precise impact of lower-extremity muscles, including the proportion of muscle strength, on the performance of single-leg standing balance tests in older individuals is very interesting. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the knee extensor (KE), ankle plantar flexor (AP) muscle strength, and performance in single-leg standing balance tests in older females. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the combined proportion of KE and AP muscle strength in maintaining balance during single-leg standing. A total of 90 older females (mean age 67.83 ± 8.00 years) were recruited. All participants underwent maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) testing of the KE and AP muscles, as well as single-leg standing balance tests with eyes open (SSEO) and eyes closed (SSEC). To examine the influence of KE and AP muscle strength on balance performance, multiple regression analysis was conducted. Low correlations were found between SSEO and MVIC of KE and AP muscles, but moderate correlations were found with percentage of MVIC to body weight ratio (%MVIC/BW). The best model for SSEO included 0.99 times of the %MVIC/BW of AP and 0.66 times that of KE muscles as independent predictor variables (r = 0.682). In conclusion, AP muscle strength was found to have a greater impact on single-leg standing balance compared with KE muscle strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Movement and Balance)
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10 pages, 1370 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Effects of Specific Sensorimotor Training on Postural Assessment in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study with a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Donatella Di Corrado, Vincenzo Cristian Francavilla, Rosamaria La Paglia, Maria Chiara Parisi, Andrea Buscemi and Marinella Coco
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020046 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1320
Abstract
It is well-known that sensorimotor training aims to increase the performance of the sensorimotor system to maintain an upright position. Through the use of a randomized placebo-controlled trial, the specific aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of a specific [...] Read more.
It is well-known that sensorimotor training aims to increase the performance of the sensorimotor system to maintain an upright position. Through the use of a randomized placebo-controlled trial, the specific aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of a specific session of sensorimotor training on postural balance, stability and coordination in healthy, recreationally active participants. Ninety subjects were randomly allocated into three groups: experimental (n = 30), placebo (n = 32) and control (n = 28). The experimental group performed a 5 min warm-up, with the sensorimotor training consisting of 60-min specific sensorimotor exercises; the control group was not allowed to perform any sensorimotor training; the placebo group observed a video clip of an individual belonging to the experimental group performing the sensorimotor training accurately. All participants were seen three times per week for 4 weeks. Before and after the entire training, all groups of participants undertook stabilometric parameter assessment. The intervention-mediated sensorimotor training confirmed significant enhancement in the proprioceptive system. Significant improvement in the motor and/or sensory function was observed in the experimental and placebo groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that specific sensorimotor training performed 3 days per week for 4 weeks could improve postural balance, stability and coordination in healthy individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Movement and Balance)
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10 pages, 868 KiB  
Article
One-Leg Stance Postural Sway Is Not Benefited by Bicycle Motocross Practice in Elite Riders
by Carlos Albaladejo-García, Francisco J. Moreno, Fernando García-Aguilar and Carla Caballero
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2023, 8(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8010025 - 16 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Balance has been positioned as an important performance skill in sport. Differences in postural control have been found between levels of expertise. However, this statement remains unanswered in some cyclic sports. This work aimed to describe the one-leg balance performance of a sample [...] Read more.
Balance has been positioned as an important performance skill in sport. Differences in postural control have been found between levels of expertise. However, this statement remains unanswered in some cyclic sports. This work aimed to describe the one-leg balance performance of a sample of elite BMX riders—racing and freestyle—compared to a control group formed by recreational athletes. The center of pressure (COP) of nineteen international BMX riders (freestyle, n = 7; racing, n = 12) and twenty physically active adults was analyzed in a 30-s one-leg stance test on both legs. COP dispersion and velocity variables were analyzed. Non-linear dynamics of postural sway were evaluated through Fuzzy Entropy and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. BMX athletes did not show differences between legs in any of the variables. The control group did show differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg in the magnitude of variability of the COP in the mediolateral axis. Group comparison revealed non-significant differences. International BMX athletes did not show better balance parameters than the control group in a one-leg stance balance task. The adaptations derived from BMX practice do not have a significant impact in one-leg stance balance performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Movement and Balance)
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