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15 pages, 4951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vivo Assessment of the Apatite-Forming Ability of New-Generation Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cements Using a Rat Subcutaneous Implantation Model

by Naoki Edanami, Shoji Takenaka, Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal, Kunihiko Yoshiba, Shintaro Takahara, Nagako Yoshiba, Naoto Ohkura and Yuichiro Noiri

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(4), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040213 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1319

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite formation on endodontic hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) plays a significant role in sealing the root canal system and elevating the hard-tissue inductivity of the materials. This study evaluated the in vivo apatite-forming ability of 13 new-generation HCSCs using an original HCSC [...] Read more.

Hydroxyapatite formation on endodontic hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) plays a significant role in sealing the root canal system and elevating the hard-tissue inductivity of the materials. This study evaluated the in vivo apatite-forming ability of 13 new-generation HCSCs using an original HCSC (white ProRoot MTA: PR) as a positive control. The HCSCs were loaded into polytetrafluoroethylene tubes and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 4-week-old male Wistar rats. At 28 days after implantation, hydroxyapatite formation on the HCSC implants was assessed with micro-Raman spectroscopy, surface ultrastructural and elemental characterization, and elemental mapping of the material–tissue interface. Seven new-generation HCSCs and PR had a Raman band for hydroxyapatite (v1 PO₄³⁻ band at 960 cm⁻¹) and hydroxyapatite-like calcium-phosphorus-rich spherical precipitates on the surfaces. The other six HCSCs with neither the hydroxyapatite Raman band nor hydroxyapatite-like spherical precipitates did not show calcium-phosphorus-rich hydroxyapatite-layer-like regions in the elemental mapping. These results indicated that 6 of the 13 new-generation HCSCs possessed little or no ability to produce hydroxyapatite in vivo, unlike PR. The weak in vivo apatite-forming ability of the six HCSCs may have a negative impact on their clinical performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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11 pages, 2844 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wear of Titanium Implant Platforms with Different Abutment Connections and Abutment Materials: A Pilot Study

by Teresa A. Mendes, Luis Vilhena, Jaime Portugal, João Caramês, Amilcar L. Ramalho and Luis P. Lopes

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(4), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040178 - 23 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1300

Abstract

The most commonly used material in dental implants and their abutments is titanium. Zirconia is a more aesthetic alternative to titanium abutments; however, it is much harder. There are concerns that zirconia could damage the surface of the implant over time, especially in [...] Read more.

The most commonly used material in dental implants and their abutments is titanium. Zirconia is a more aesthetic alternative to titanium abutments; however, it is much harder. There are concerns that zirconia could damage the surface of the implant over time, especially in less stable connections. The aim was to evaluate the wear of implants with different platforms connected to titanium and zirconia abutments. A total of six implants were evaluated, two of each connection type: external hexagon, tri-channel, and conical connections (n = 2). Half of the implants were connected to zirconia abutments, and the other half to titanium abutments (n = 3). The implants were then cyclically loaded. The implant platforms were evaluated by digital superimposing micro CT files and calculating the area of the loss surface (wear). In all the implants, a statistically significant loss of the surface area (p = 0.028) was observed when comparing the area before and after cyclic loading. The average lost surface area was 0.38 mm² with titanium abutments and 0.41 mm² with zirconia abutments. The average lost surface area was 0.41 mm² with the external hexagon, 0.38 mm² with the tri-channel, and 0.40 mm² with the conical connection. In conclusion, the cyclic loads induced implant wear. However, neither the type of abutment (p = 0.700) nor the connection (p = 0.718) influenced the amount of surface area lost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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13 pages, 3135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conditional Mitigation of Dental-Composite Material-Induced Cytotoxicity by Increasing the Cure Time

by Takanori Matsuura, Keiji Komatsu, Kimberly Choi, Toshikatsu Suzumura, James Cheng, Ting-Ling Chang, Denny Chao and Takahiro Ogawa

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(3), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030119 - 22 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1338

Abstract

Light-cured composite resins are widely used in dental restorations to fill cavities and fabricate temporary crowns. After curing, the residual monomer is a known to be cytotoxic, but increasing the curing time should improve biocompatibility. However, a biologically optimized cure time has not [...] Read more.

Light-cured composite resins are widely used in dental restorations to fill cavities and fabricate temporary crowns. After curing, the residual monomer is a known to be cytotoxic, but increasing the curing time should improve biocompatibility. However, a biologically optimized cure time has not been determined through systematic experimentation. The objective of this study was to examine the behavior and function of human gingival fibroblasts cultured with flowable and bulk-fill composites cured for different periods of time, while considering the physical location of the cells with regard to the materials. Biological effects were separately evaluated for cells in direct contact with, and in close proximity to, the two composite materials. Curing time varied from the recommended 20 s to 40, 60, and 80 s. Pre-cured, milled-acrylic resin was used as a control. No cell survived and attached to or around the flowable composite, regardless of curing time. Some cells survived and attached close to (but not on) the bulk-fill composite, with survival increasing with a longer curing time, albeit to <20% of the numbers growing on milled acrylic even after 80 s of curing. A few cells (<5% of milled acrylic) survived and attached around the flowable composite after removal of the surface layer, but attachment was not cure-time dependent. Removing the surface layer increased cell survival and attachment around the bulk-fill composite after a 20-s cure, but survival was reduced after an 80-s cure. Dental-composite materials are lethal to contacting fibroblasts, regardless of curing time. However, longer curing times mitigated material cytotoxicity exclusively for bulk-fill composites when the cells were not in direct contact. Removing the surface layer slightly improved biocompatibility for cells in proximity to the materials, but not in proportion to cure time. In conclusion, mitigating the cytotoxicity of composite materials by increasing cure time is conditional on the physical location of cells, the type of material, and the finish of the surface layer. This study provides valuable information for clinical decision making and novel insights into the polymerization behavior of composite materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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13 pages, 3002 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Effect of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Adhesion to Dentin of Permanent Teeth

by Ana Coelho, Luís Vilhena, Maria Antunes, Inês Amaro, Anabela Paula, Carlos Miguel Marto, José Saraiva, Manuel Marques Ferreira, Eunice Carrilho and Amílcar Ramalho

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040209 - 28 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2259

Abstract

After the elimination of dental caries lesions, some microorganisms may remain viable in the tooth structure. Thus, cavity disinfection is an important procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cavity disinfectants on the adhesion to dentin of permanent [...] Read more.

After the elimination of dental caries lesions, some microorganisms may remain viable in the tooth structure. Thus, cavity disinfection is an important procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cavity disinfectants on the adhesion to dentin of permanent teeth. Sixty molars were ground flat and randomly assigned to six groups: control; chlorhexidine; Aloe vera; glutaraldehyde; EDTA; ethanol. Cavity disinfectants were applied, rinsed, and air-dried. The restorations were performed with the aid of polyethylene tubes. Shear bond strength, work to detachment, and shear modulus were evaluated. All data were statistically analyzed and the level of significance was set at 5%. The control group showed the lowest shear bond strength (8.34 ± 2.68 MPa). Aloe vera showed the lowest work to debonding (2284 J/m²) while chlorhexidine showed the highest (9347 J/m²). Regarding the shear modulus, ethanol, chlorhexidine, and EDTA presented similar values to the control group (216.11 kPa), and glutaraldehyde and Aloe vera presented values twice as high. The use of chlorhexidine, ethanol, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, and Aloe vera did not impair the adhesion established between the dentin of permanent teeth and composite resin. Even though there is a need for clinical studies to support these findings, all disinfectants seem to be good choices as pretreatment agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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11 pages, 1002 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Physicochemical Characterization of Eugenia brejoensis Essential Oil-Doped Dental Adhesives with Antimicrobial Action towards Streptococcus mutans

by Maury Luz Pereira, Danyelle Cristina Pereira Santos, Carlos Alberto Mendes Soares Júnior, Tamyris Alicely Xavier Nogueira Bazan, Clovis Macêdo Bezerra Filho, Márcia Vanusa da Silva, Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia, Andres Felipe Millan Cardenas, Fabiana Suelen Figuerêdo de Siqueira, Edilausson Moreno Carvalho, Bruna Marin Fronza, Carolina Bosso André, Luis Claudio Nascimento da Silva and Lívia Câmara de Carvalho Galvão

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030149 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1644

Abstract

Dental caries is a multifactorial, biofilm-dependent infectious disease that develops when detrimental changes occur in the oral cavity microenvironment. The antimicrobial and antivirulence properties of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Eugenia brejoensis Mazine (EBEO) have been reported against Gram-positive and [...] Read more.

Dental caries is a multifactorial, biofilm-dependent infectious disease that develops when detrimental changes occur in the oral cavity microenvironment. The antimicrobial and antivirulence properties of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Eugenia brejoensis Mazine (EBEO) have been reported against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Herein, the antimicrobial action of EBEO towards Streptococcus mutans is reported, along with the development and characterization of dental adhesives doped with. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EBEO were determined against S. mutans, while its toxicity was analyze using Tenebrio molitor larvae. EBEO (MIC and 10×MIC) was incorporated into the Ambar Advanced Polymerization System^® (Ambar APS), a two-step total-etch adhesive system (FGM Dental Group), and the antibiofilm action was evaluated. The reflective strength, modulus of elasticity, degree of conversion, and maximum rate of polymerization of each adhesive were also determined. The MIC and MBC values of EBEO against S. mutans were 62.5 µg/mL. The tested concentrations of EBEO were non-toxic to T. molitor larvae. The formation of S. mutans biofilms was significantly inhibited by EBEO and EBEO-coated resin discs (p < 0.05). Importantly, EBEO incorporation did not affect the mechanical and physicochemical properties in relation to oil-free adhesive version. EBEO showed strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans, no toxicity effect against T. molitor larvae, and did not jeopardize the physical-chemical properties tested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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16 pages, 5230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Histologic Evaluation of the Effects of Folinic Acid Chitosan Hydrogel and Botulinum Toxin A on Wound Repair of Cleft Lip Surgery in Rats

by Parastoo Namdar, Amirhossein Moaddabi, Rezvan Yazdian, Majid Saeedi, Fatemeh Ahmadian, Atena Shiva, Carmela Del Giudice, Parisa Soltani and Gianrico Spagnuolo

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030142 - 05 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1614

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of folinic acid chitosan hydrogel and botulinum toxin A on the wound repair of cleft lip surgery in rat animal models. Cleft lip defects were simulated by triangular incisions in the upper [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of folinic acid chitosan hydrogel and botulinum toxin A on the wound repair of cleft lip surgery in rat animal models. Cleft lip defects were simulated by triangular incisions in the upper lip of 40 Wistar rats. Then, the rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control (CTRL), chitosan hydrogel (CHIT), and folinic acid chitosan hydrogel (FOLCHIT), in which the wounds were covered by a gauze pad soaked in normal saline, chitosan hydrogel, and folinic acid chitosan hydrogel, respectively for 5 min immediately after closure; and botulinum toxin A (BOT) with the injection of 3 units of botulinum toxin A in the wound region. Fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration, neovascularization, and epithelial proliferation and each parameter were rated on days 14 and 28. Statistical analysis was performed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis, and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The mean score for fibroblast proliferation was significantly higher in the FOLCHIT group compared with the BOT group at days 14 and 28 (p < 0.001, p = 0.012, respectively). At day 28, collagen deposition was significantly higher in the FOLCHIT group compared with the BOT group (p = 0.012). No significant difference was observed between the inflammatory infiltration of the study groups at the two time points (p = 0.096 and p = 1.000, respectively). At day 14, vascular proliferation of group FOLCHIT was significantly higher than groups CTRL and CHIT (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). The epithelial proliferation in the FOLCHIT group was significantly higher than groups CHIT and CTRL at day 14 (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively) and day 28 (p = 0.012). In simulated lip cleft defects, topical application of folinic acid induces faster initial regeneration by higher inflammation and cellular proliferation, at the expense of a higher tendency for scar formation by slightly higher fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. While injection of botulinum toxin A provides less fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition, and thus lower potential for scar formation compared with the folinic acid group. Therefore, in wounds of the esthetic zone, such as cleft lip defects, the application of botulinum toxin A shows promising results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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14 pages, 2445 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Biological Activities of Glass Ionomer Cement Supplemented with Fortilin on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

by Prawichaya Sangsuwan, Sissada Tannukit, Wilaiwan Chotigeat and Ureporn Kedjarune-Leggat

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030132 - 28 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1552

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the most suitable recombinant fortilin and evaluate the biological activities of glass ionomer cement (GIC) incorporated with fortilin on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Full-length and three fragments of Penaeus merguiensis fortilin were cloned and examined for [...] Read more.

This study aimed to determine the most suitable recombinant fortilin and evaluate the biological activities of glass ionomer cement (GIC) incorporated with fortilin on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Full-length and three fragments of Penaeus merguiensis fortilin were cloned and examined for their proliferative and cytoprotective effects on hDPSCs by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Human DPSCs were cultured with GIC supplemented with fortilin, tricalcium phosphate, or a combination of tricalcium phosphate and fortilin, designated as GIC + FL, GIC + TCP, and GIC + TCP + FL, respectively (n = 4 for each group). At given time points, hDPSCs were harvested and analyzed by MTT, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Alizarin Red assays. The full-length fortilin promoted cell proliferation and significantly increased cell survival. This protein was subsequently added into the GIC along with tricalcium phosphate to investigate the biological activities. All experimental groups showed reduced cell viability after treatment with modified GICs on days 1 and 3. The GIC + TCP + FL group significantly promoted odontoblastic differentiation at particular time points. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium phosphate deposit were markedly increased in the GIC + TCP + FL group. Among all experimental groups, the GIC incorporated with fortilin and tricalcium phosphate demonstrated the best results on odontogenic differentiation and mineral deposition in hDPSCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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13 pages, 2041 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Effect of a Self-Assembly Peptide on Surface Roughness and Hardness of Bleached Enamel

by Gabriela de A. P. Magalhães, May Anny A Fraga, Isaac J. de Souza Araújo, Rafael R. Pacheco, Américo B. Correr and Regina M. Puppin-Rontani

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(2), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020079 - 13 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2448

Abstract

After bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P₁₁-4), [...] Read more.

After bleaching, enamel surfaces are damaged, contributing to erosion and tooth sensitivity. Although fluoride is used after bleaching to try and revert alterations, it is not capable of repairing tooth structure. This study compared the effect of a self-assembly peptide (P₁₁-4), with and without fluoride, and sodium fluoride (NaF 2%) on the Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra (μm)) of bleached enamel with an in-office bleaching regimen. Enamel blocks of bovine teeth (5 × 5 × 2 mm) with standardized surface hardness were bleached with 35% carbamide peroxide, following the manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were randomly divided into the following groups (n = 7) according to post-bleaching treatment: no treatment (negative control) (C-); 2% NaF (NaF); Curodont™ Repair (Repair); and Curodont™ Protect (Protect). Specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C. To evaluate the effect of the post-bleaching treatments, KHN and Ra were measured before bleaching (baseline) and 24 h and 7 days after bleaching. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). There were significant interactions between the study factors (p = 0.001). After 7 days, Repair (572.50 ± 79.04) and Protect (583.00 ± 74.76) specimens showed increased surface KHN, with values higher than the NaF (465.50 ± 41.50) and C- (475.22 ± 58.95) baseline values. There was no significant difference in KHN at 24 h among groups (p = 0.587). At 24 h after bleaching, Repair was significantly different from all groups (p < 0.05). Repair showed the lowest Ra (μm) values (0.133 ± 0.035). After seven days, there was no significant difference in Ra values among groups when compared to the baseline. The use of P₁₁-4-based materials after bleaching resulted in the fastest recovery to baseline enamel properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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11 pages, 1152 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Dental Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Resin Containing a Nanoporous Silica Filler

by Kentaro Hata, Hiroshi Ikeda, Yuki Nagamatsu, Chihiro Masaki, Ryuji Hosokawa and Hiroshi Shimizu

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010032 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3281

Abstract

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based resins have been conventionally used in dental prostheses owing to their good biocompatibility. However, PMMA-based resins have relatively poor mechanical properties. In the present study, a novel nanoporous silica filler was developed and introduced into PMMA-based resins to improve their [...] Read more.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based resins have been conventionally used in dental prostheses owing to their good biocompatibility. However, PMMA-based resins have relatively poor mechanical properties. In the present study, a novel nanoporous silica filler was developed and introduced into PMMA-based resins to improve their mechanical properties. The filler was prepared by sintering a green body composed of silica and an organic binder, followed by grinding to a fine powder and subsequent silanization. The filler was added to photocurable PMMA-based resin, which was prepared from MMA, PMMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and a photo-initiator. The filler was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The PMMA-based resins were characterized by SEM and FT-IR, and the mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, flexural modulus, and flexural strength) and physicochemical properties (water sorption and solubility) were evaluated. The results suggested that the filler consisted of microparticles with nanopores. The filler at 23 wt % was well dispersed in the PMMA-based resin matrix. The mechanical and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based resin improved significantly with the addition of the developed filler. Therefore, such filler-loaded PMMA-based resins are potential candidates for improving the strength and durability of polymer-based crown and denture base. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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13 pages, 2258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Properties of A Model Self-Healing Microcapsule-Based Dental Composite Reinforced with Silica Nanoparticles

by Khaled Abid Althaqafi, Abdulrahman Alshabib, Julian Satterthwaite and Nikolaos Silikas

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010019 - 14 Feb 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4542

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of an experimental self-healing dental composite model (SHDC) composed of SiO₂ nanoparticles with varying percentages of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomer and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) amine [...] Read more.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of an experimental self-healing dental composite model (SHDC) composed of SiO₂ nanoparticles with varying percentages of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomer and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) amine microcapsules. Materials and methods: Microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerisation of PUF shells, as explained in our previous work. The model SHDC included bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA:TEGDMA) (1:1), 1 wt% phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (BAPO), 0.5 wt% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) catalyst, 20 wt% silanised silica dioxide (SiO₂) (15 nm) and (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 wt%) of microcapsules (120 ± 45 μm). Light transmission, hardness, degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength and elastic modulus of the SHDC model were measured. Results: The degree of conversion of the SHDC ranged from 73 to 76% 24 h after polymerisation. Hardness measurements ranged from 22 to 26 VHN (p > 0.05); however, the flexural strength was adversely affected from 80 to 55 MPa with increasing microcapsules of up to 10 wt% in the composites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Only flexural strength decreased drastically ~30% with increasing microcapsules (>10 wt%) in the composites. All other measured properties were not significantly affected. Accordingly, we recommend a stronger composite material that could be created by increasing the filler content distribution in order to achieve a hybrid self-healing composite with enhanced mechanical properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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Review

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39 pages, 1040 KiB

Open AccessReview

Three-Dimensional Impression of Biomaterials for Alveolar Graft: Scoping Review

by Inês Francisco, Ângela Basílio, Madalena Prata Ribeiro, Catarina Nunes, Raquel Travassos, Filipa Marques, Flávia Pereira, Anabela Baptista Paula, Eunice Carrilho, Carlos Miguel Marto and Francisco Vale

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(2), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020076 - 29 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1959

Abstract

Craniofacial bone defects are one of the biggest clinical challenges in regenerative medicine, with secondary autologous bone grafting being the gold-standard technique. The development of new three-dimensional matrices intends to overcome the disadvantages of the gold-standard method. The aim of this paper is [...] Read more.

Craniofacial bone defects are one of the biggest clinical challenges in regenerative medicine, with secondary autologous bone grafting being the gold-standard technique. The development of new three-dimensional matrices intends to overcome the disadvantages of the gold-standard method. The aim of this paper is to put forth an in-depth review regarding the clinical efficiency of available 3D printed biomaterials for the correction of alveolar bone defects. A survey was carried out using the following databases: PubMed via Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and gray literature. The inclusion criteria applied were the following: in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and clinical studies; and studies that assessed bone regeneration resorting to 3D printed biomaterials. The risk of bias of the in vitro and in vivo studies was performed using the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, respectively. In total, 92 publications were included in the final sample. The most reported three-dimensional biomaterials were the PCL matrix, β-TCP matrix, and hydroxyapatite matrix. These biomaterials can be combined with different polymers and bioactive molecules such as rBMP-2. Most of the included studies had a high risk of bias. Despite the advances in the research on new three-dimensionally printed biomaterials in bone regeneration, the existing results are not sufficient to justify the application of these biomaterials in routine clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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19 pages, 2860 KiB

Open AccessReview

Is There a Better Biomaterial for Dental Implants than Titanium?—A Review and Meta-Study Analysis

by Håvard J. Haugen and Hongyu Chen

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020046 - 20 Apr 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5829

Abstract

This article focuses on preclinical studies and reviews the available evidence from the literature on dental implant and abutment materials in the last decade. Specifically, different peri-implantitis materials and how surface modifications may affect the peri-implant soft-tissue seal and subsequently delay or hinder [...] Read more.

This article focuses on preclinical studies and reviews the available evidence from the literature on dental implant and abutment materials in the last decade. Specifically, different peri-implantitis materials and how surface modifications may affect the peri-implant soft-tissue seal and subsequently delay or hinder peri-implantitis are examined. This review analyzed more than 30 studies that were Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), Controlled Clinical Trials (CCTs), or prospective case series (CS) with at least six months of follow-up. Meta-analyses were performed to make a comparison between different implant materials (titanium vs. zirconia), including impact on bone changes, probing depth, plaque levels, and peri-implant mucosal inflammation, as well as how the properties of the implant material and surface modifications would affect the peri-implant soft-tissue seal and peri-implant health conditions. However, there was no clear evidence regarding whether titanium is better than other implant materials. Clinical evidence suggests no difference between different implant materials in peri-implant bone stability. The metal analysis offered a statistically significant advantage of zirconia implants over titanium regarding developing a favorable response to the alveolar bone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Dental Biomaterials)

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