Recent Advances in Dental Resin Composites

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 8576

Special Issue Editors

Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: adhesive dentistry; bond strength; MMPs; dentin; collagen; cross-linkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Interests: surface morphology; nanocomposites; multifractal approach; brillouin microscopy; AFM analysis
Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: resin cements; push-out bond strength; root dentin; adhesive dentistry; cross-linkers; systematic reviews

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Resin composites are nowadays used across a wide range of fields in dentistry, with their mechanical, adhesive, and esthetic requirements continuously growing. Accordingly, the field of dental composite materials research has undoubtedly advanced immensely in recent decades. Resin materials have been modified to improve their mechanical and adhesive properties, as well as to enhance their longevity. Furthermore, there is a tendency in the research community as well as on the dental market to simplify adhesive procedures, so as to make them equally reliable in expert and novice hands. Additionally, it is deemed desirable that the same composite material can be used with different adhesive techniques, and to restore/repair a wide variety of substrates, reaching a high level of versatility. Although important progress has been made in this direction, tampering with the stable composition of a composite resin can also impair its mechanical and adhesive properties, and hence, care should be taken, and in-depth research performed, at baseline and after aging.

The present Special Issue welcomes full-length original papers (both laboratory and clinical studies) as well as review papers that focus on advances in dental resin composite materials. This includes, but is not limited to, research regarding the mechanical, adhesive, antimicrobial, esthetic, bioactive and remineralizing properties of dental resin composites. The Special Issue aims to become a high-quality collection of scientific reports on the topic, contributing significantly to the existing literature in the field of dental materials.

Dr. Tatjana Maravic
Dr. Tijana Lainović
Dr. Uroš Josić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental resin composite
  • bond strength
  • fracture resistance
  • color
  • adhesion
  • restoration
  • cement

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3341 KiB  
Article
Effects of Novel Dental Composites on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms
by Rayan B. Yaghmoor, Mohammad Abdel-Hadi, Haralampos Petridis, Elaine Allan and Anne M. Young
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15010013 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1469
Abstract
With the phase-out of amalgam and the increase in minimally invasive dentistry, there is a growing need for high-strength composite materials that can kill residual bacteria and promote tooth remineralization. This study quantifies how antibacterial polylysine (PLS) and re-mineralizing monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) [...] Read more.
With the phase-out of amalgam and the increase in minimally invasive dentistry, there is a growing need for high-strength composite materials that can kill residual bacteria and promote tooth remineralization. This study quantifies how antibacterial polylysine (PLS) and re-mineralizing monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) affect Streptococcus mutans biofilms and the strength of dental composites. For antibacterial studies, the MCPM-PLS filler percentages were 0-0, 8-4, 12-6, and 16-8 wt% of the composite filler phase. Composite discs were immersed in 0.1% sucrose-supplemented broth containing Streptococcus mutans (UA159) and incubated in an anaerobic chamber for 48 h. Surface biomass was determined by crystal violet (CV) staining. Growth medium pH was measured at 24 and 48 h. Biofilm bacterial viability (CFU), exo-polysaccharide (water-soluble glucan (WSG) and water-insoluble glucan (WIG)), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. This was by serial dilution plate counting, phenol-sulfuric acid microassay, and fluorometry, respectively. The biaxial flexural strengths were determined after water immersion for 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year. The MCPM-PLS wt% were 8-4, 8-8, 16-4 and 16-8. The normalized biomass, WSG, and WIG showed a linear decline of 66%, 64%, and 55%, respectively, as the PLS level increased up to 8%. The surrounding media pH (4.6) was all similar. A decrease in bacterial numbers with the 12-6 formula and a significant reduction with 16-8 compared to the 0-0 formulation was observed. The eDNA concentrations in biofilms formed on 12-6 and 16-8 formulations were significantly less than the 0-0 control and 8-4 formulations. Doubling MCPM and PLS caused a 14 and 19% reduction in strength in 1 week, respectively. Average results were lower at 1 month and 1 year but affected less upon doubling MCPM and PLS levels. Moreover, a 4% PLS may help to reduce total biomass and glucan levels in biofilms on the above composites. Higher levels are required to reduce eDNA and provide bactericidal action, but these can decrease early strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dental Resin Composites)
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24 pages, 11486 KiB  
Article
Study on the Restoration of Class II Carious Cavities by Virtual Methods: Simulation of Mechanical Behavior
by Mihaela Jana Țuculină, Adela Nicoleta Staicu, Maria Cristina Munteanu, Cristian Niky Cumpătă, Bogdan Dimitriu, Ana Maria Rîcă, Maria Cristina Beznă, Dragoș Laurențiu Popa, Alexandru Dan Popescu and Tiberiu Țîrcă
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070354 - 05 Jul 2023
Viewed by 3163
Abstract
The restoration of class II cavities is predominantly carried out with composite materials. Due to the high failure rate in restoring this type of cavity, composite materials with much-improved properties and new application techniques have been promoted. The study aimed to analyze the [...] Read more.
The restoration of class II cavities is predominantly carried out with composite materials. Due to the high failure rate in restoring this type of cavity, composite materials with much-improved properties and new application techniques have been promoted. The study aimed to analyze the mechanical behavior of several topical composite materials (nanocomposites, nanohybrids and ormocer) using different application techniques. In a lower second molar, a class II occlusal cavity was prepared. As filling materials, we used the following combinations: Admira Fusion and Admira Fusion Flow, Grandio and Grandio Flow, Filtek Supreme XT and Filtek Supreme Flow. These were applied using a snow plow, injection molded and Bichacho techniques. Three-dimensional scanning of the molar with the prepared cavity was performed, and then scanning of each layer of added composite material was performed, obtaining three-dimensional models. The virtual molar models were analyzed with software specific to the finite element analysis method, where their physical-mechanical properties were entered and assigned to the components of the virtual molar. Simulations at high forces specific to bruxism were then carried out and analyzed, and compared. The values of displacements and strain, for all six analyzed situations, are relatively small (range from 5.25 × 10−6–3.21 × 10−5 for displacement, 6.22 × 10−3–4.34 × 10−3 for strain), which validates all three methods and the materials used. As far as the stress values are concerned, they are similar for all methods (250–300 MPa), except for the snow plow and injection-molded techniques using Grandio and Grandio Flow composites, where the maximum von Mises stress value was more than double (approximately 700 MPa). When using the combination of Grandio and Grandio Flow materials, the 1 mm thickness of the fluid composite layer was found to have a major influence on occlusal forces damping as opposed to 0.5 mm. Therefore, the Bichacho technique is indicated at the expense of the snow plow and injection-molded techniques. The composite materials used by us in this study are state-of-the-art, with clear indications for restoring cavities resulting from the treatment of carious lesions. However, their association and application technique in the case of Class II cavities is of clinical importance for resistance to masticatory forces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dental Resin Composites)
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13 pages, 2738 KiB  
Article
Influence of Storing Composite Filling Materials in a Low-pH Artificial Saliva on Their Mechanical Properties—An In Vitro Study
by Abdulaziz Alhotan, Zbigniew Raszewski, Rasha A. Alamoush, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Marcin Mikulewicz and Julfikar Haider
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060328 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1152
Abstract
Restorative composites are subjected to various influences in the oral cavity environment, such as high or low temperatures, the mechanical force generated during mastication, colonization of various microorganisms, and low pH, which may result from ingested food and the influence of microbial flora. [...] Read more.
Restorative composites are subjected to various influences in the oral cavity environment, such as high or low temperatures, the mechanical force generated during mastication, colonization of various microorganisms, and low pH, which may result from ingested food and the influence of microbial flora. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a recently developed commercial artificial saliva (pH = 4, highly acidic) on 17 commercially available restorative materials. After polymerization, the samples were stored in an artificial solution for 3 and 60 days and subjected to crushing resistance and flexural strength tests. The surface additions of the materials were examined in terms of the shapes and sizes of the fillers and elemental composition. When stored in an acidic environment, the resistance of the composite materials was reduced by 2–12%. Larger compressive and flexural strength resistance values were observed for composites that could be bonded to microfilled materials (invented before 2000). This may result from the filler structure taking an irregular form, which results in a faster hydrolysis of silane bonds. All composite materials meet the standard requirements when stored for a long period in an acidic environment. However, storage of the materials in an acid environment has a destructive impact on the materials’ properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dental Resin Composites)
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12 pages, 2665 KiB  
Article
Experimental Composite Resin with Myristyltrimethylammonium Bromide (MYTAB) and Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate (α-TCP): Antibacterial and Remineralizing Effect
by Juan Carlos Pontons-Melo, Gabriela de Souza Balbinot, Salvatore Sauro and Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060303 - 01 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1147
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an experimental composite resin with the addition of myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MYTAB) and α -tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) as an antibacterial and remineralizing material. Experimental composite resins composed of 75 wt% Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate (BisGMA) and 25 [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to develop an experimental composite resin with the addition of myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MYTAB) and α -tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) as an antibacterial and remineralizing material. Experimental composite resins composed of 75 wt% Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate (BisGMA) and 25 wt% Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were produced. Some 1 mol% Trimethyl benzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO) was used as a photoinitiator, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BTH) was added as a polymerization inhibitor. Silica (1.5 wt%) and barium glass (65 wt%) particles were added as inorganic fillers. For remineralizing and antibacterial effect, α-TCP (10 wt%) and MYTAB (5 wt%) were incorporated into the resin matrix (α-TCP/MYTAB group). A group without the addition of α-TCP/MYTAB was used as a control. Resins were evaluated for their degree of conversion (n = 3) by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The flexural strength (n = 5) was assessed based on ISO 4049:2019 requirements. Microhardness was assessed to calculate softening in solvent (n = 3) after ethanol immersion. The mineral deposition (n = 3) was evaluated after immersion in SBF, while cytotoxicity was tested with HaCaT cells (n = 5). Antimicrobial activity (n = 3) was analyzed against S. mutans. The degree of conversion was not influenced by the antibacterial and remineralizing compounds, and all groups reached values > 60%. The α-TCP/MYTAB addition promoted increased softening of polymers after immersion in ethanol and reduced their flexural strength and the viability of cells in vitro. A reduction in S. mutans viability was observed for the α-TCP/MYTAB group in biofilm formation and planktonic bacteria, with an antibacterial effect > 3log10 for the developed materials. Higher intensity of phosphate compounds on the sample’s surface was detected in the α-TCP/MYTAB group. The addition of α-TCP and MYTAB promoted remineralizing and antibacterial effects on the developed resins and may be a strategy for bioactive composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dental Resin Composites)
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12 pages, 770 KiB  
Systematic Review
Remineralizing Ability of Resin Modified Glass Ionomers (RMGICs): A Systematic Review
by James Ghilotti, Paula Mayorga, José Luis Sanz, Leopoldo Forner and Carmen Llena
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(8), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14080421 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1120
Abstract
The selective caries removal approach leads to the need to use materials with the ability to remineralize remaining partially demineralized dentin. Among the materials proposed are resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate, based on in [...] Read more.
The selective caries removal approach leads to the need to use materials with the ability to remineralize remaining partially demineralized dentin. Among the materials proposed are resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate, based on in vitro experimental studies, whether RMGICs are suitable for remineralizing affected dentin. A systematic literature search was performed in four databases, followed by article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Studies assessing the remineralizing potential of RMGICs on dentin were included in our review. Studies which compared such properties between different RMGICs or with other materials were also eligible. The studies report the remineralizing ability of RMGICs, albeit with differences between different commercial products. RMGICs show a similar ability to conventional GICs to remineralize affected dentin, fulfilling the function for which they are designed. Moreover, the incorporation of additives, such as bioactive glass (BAG) or CCP-ACP, improves their remineralizing potential. The results of this review support the use of RMGICs as restorative materials after selective caries removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Dental Resin Composites)
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